EP1719198A2 - Procede d'exploitation d'un systeme de piles a combustible et systeme de piles a combustible - Google Patents
Procede d'exploitation d'un systeme de piles a combustible et systeme de piles a combustibleInfo
- Publication number
- EP1719198A2 EP1719198A2 EP05716675A EP05716675A EP1719198A2 EP 1719198 A2 EP1719198 A2 EP 1719198A2 EP 05716675 A EP05716675 A EP 05716675A EP 05716675 A EP05716675 A EP 05716675A EP 1719198 A2 EP1719198 A2 EP 1719198A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- operating
- cleaning device
- operating fluid
- cell system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04455—Concentration; Density of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system and to a fuel cell system, a process gas being supplied to the fuel cell system with the aid of a liquid ring pump.
- a fuel gas for example hydrogen
- a fuel cell block formed from stacked fuel cells for generating electrical current on the anode side and air or oxygen on the cathode side.
- EP 0 925 614 B1 or EP 0 850 494 B1 for example, use a to supply the process gases
- the liquid ring pump has the advantage that the compression automatically Due to the principle of action of the liquid ring pump, the process gas is also humidified.
- the object of the invention is to enable improved operation of a fuel cell system.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by a method for operating a fuel cell system, in which a process gas, in particular ambient air, is fed to it with the aid of a liquid ring pump, impurities contained in the process gas being absorbed by the operating liquid of the liquid ring pump and the load on the operating liquid the contamination is checked.
- the liquid ring pump is therefore also advantageously used for cleaning purposes.
- the liquid ring pump therefore fulfills several functions at the same time, namely compressing, humidifying and cleaning the process gas.
- control is understood to mean both an active control in which the degree of contamination of the operating fluid is kept below a limit value by means of cleaning measures, so that the air can still be cleaned using the liquid ring pump.
- Control is also understood to mean passive control to the extent that the degree of contamination of the operating fluid is monitored, ie measured, in order to obtain information as to whether there is still a sufficient cleaning effect.
- the invention uses the principle of action of a liquid ring pump in which, when the gas is compressed, the gas is mixed with the operating liquid of the liquid ring pump. Due to the intimate mixing with the operating fluid, impurities in the drive fluid dissolved. Contaminants are, for example, dammed-up particles or salts adhering to aerosols and dust particles, such as occur primarily in the sea air that is drawn in. These contaminants therefore do not get into the gas spaces of the fuel cells and do not impair their operation and functionality. The contaminants washed out of the air accumulate in the operating fluid.
- the load on the operating fluid is measured.
- the conductivity of the operating fluid is measured in order to obtain information about ionic impurities.
- the operation of the fuel cell block is in particular automatically interrupted when an upper limit value for the loading of the operating fluid is exceeded.
- the fuel cell system is either completely switched off or transferred to an "idle" operating position, in which process gas is no longer supplied to the fuel cell block, but the circulation of the operating fluid is maintained.
- the load on the operating fluid is reduced to a low value by suitable measures, normal operation is resumed.
- the operating fluid In order to keep the load on the operating fluid low or to reduce it, a preferred development provides for the operating fluid to be exchanged or cleaned in a cleaning device when a lower limit value for the load is exceeded.
- This measure to reduce the load on the operating fluid is therefore only carried out from time to time, ie discontinuously.
- the upper and lower limit values can be identical, so that when this limit value is reached, on the other hand, the operation of the fuel cell block is automatically interrupted and, in parallel, the measure for reducing the load on the operating fluid is initiated.
- continuous cleaning of the operating fluid is provided.
- at least a partial flow of the operating fluid is preferably conducted in a circuit in which a cleaning device is arranged.
- the cleaning device expediently comprises an ion exchanger, with the aid of which the ionic impurities are removed or at least reduced.
- the operating fluid is supplied to the cleaning device via a heat exchanger.
- a temperature control, in particular cooling, of the operating fluid is therefore carried out via the heat exchanger in order to ensure the functionality of the ion exchanger.
- the functionality of the cleaning device is expediently monitored, that is to say its ability to reduce the loads in the operating fluid. This is done either directly, for example by measuring a parameter of the cleaning device, in order to determine its enrichment with impurities directly. As an alternative to this, the monitoring is carried out indirectly by measuring the operating fluid load.
- the load in particular of the operating fluid emerging from the cleaning device, exceeds a certain limit value, this is regarded as an indication that the cleaning device is no longer functional.
- the cleaning device is preferably regenerated and a switch is made to a further cleaning device during the regeneration phase or the operation of the fuel cell block is interrupted. In the case of switching to a further cleaning device, uninterrupted operation is possible.
- the operating liquid of the liquid ring pump is also used as cooling water for the fuel cell system.
- a fuel cell system in which a liquid ring pump connected to a feed line for a process gas is provided for compressing the process gas drawn in, as well as a device for checking the contamination of the operating liquid. . * ...
- FIG. 1 shows the principle of a fuel cell system in a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows the principle of a fuel cell system according to a second variant, in which the operating fluid of the liquid ring pump is also used as a cooling fluid for the fuel cell block
- a fuel cell system 2 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a fuel cell block 4 which has a multiplicity of individual stacked fuel cells. In particular, PEM fuel cells are used for this.
- a process gas, here ambient air L is fed to the fuel cell block 4 via a feed line 6.
- a fuel gas for example hydrogen, is fed to the fuel cell block 4 in a manner not shown here.
- a liquid ring pump 8 which is also referred to as a water ring compressor, is arranged in the feed line 6.
- the air L is sucked in via a first filter 10a, compressed in the liquid ring pump 8 and the same via a water separator 12 and a second filter 10b
- Fuel cell block 4 supplied.
- An operating fluid F is fed to the liquid ring pump 8 from the water separator 12 via a return line 14.
- a first partial flow Tl of the operating liquid F is therefore conducted between the liquid ring pump 8 and the water separator 12 in a small circuit.
- a second partial flow T2 of the operating fluid F is fed back to the water separator 12 via a cleaning device 16.
- the partial flow T2 is therefore also carried out in a circuit between the water separator 12 and the cleaning device 16.
- a heat exchanger 18 and then a circulating pump 20 are arranged between the water separator 12 and the cleaning device 16.
- a further cleaning device 24 is arranged in a parallel line 22 to the cleaning device 16.
- the two cleaning devices 16, 24 can each be switched on or off via valves 26.
- a measuring device 28 is provided, which measures and monitors the conductivity of the operating fluid F fed to the cleaning device 16.
- the partial stream T2 is also used as a cooling liquid for the fuel cell block 4.
- a common, sufficiently large cooling water pump 30 is initially provided after the water separator 12. Subsequently, the partial stream T2 is divided into two sub-streams T21 and T22.
- the use of a common coolant pump 30 has the advantage that only one pump is required for circulating the operating fluid in the lower part flows T21 and T22.
- the liquid is conducted in a circuit between the water separator 12 and the fuel cell block 4.
- the heat exchanger 18 and the cleaning device 16 are arranged one after the other in the lower part stream T21 in the flow direction.
- a further cleaning device 24 can be connected in parallel to the first cleaning device 16.
- a further heat exchanger 22 is arranged in front of the fuel cell block 4 in the second sub-stream T22.
- the heat exchangers 18, 32 are each subjected to cooling water for cooling the operating fluid F.
- air L is sucked in via the liquid ring pump 8, which is pre-cleaned, for example, of dust particles via the first air filter 10a.
- the sucked-in air L is intimately mixed with its operating liquid F due to the functional principle of the liquid ring pump 8.
- the air L is cleaned of the contaminants it contains, which accumulate in the operating fluid F.
- Contamination is, for example, fine dust particles or soluble components of the air that are not retained by the first air filter 10a.
- the compressed air leaves part of the operating fluid F the liquid ring compressor 8 and is fed to the water separator 12, in which the washed air is separated from the operating fluid F in an aerosol-free manner.
- the operating fluid F accumulates in the lower area, whereas the cleaned air L emerges from the water separator 12 and is fed to the fuel cell block 4.
- the second air filter 10b arranged between the liquid ring pump 8 and the water separator 12 retains the particles which may be whirled up in the water separator 12.
- the impurities accumulate rapidly. Over time, the load on the operating fluid F would therefore increase in such a way that no cleaning effect would be achieved. Therefore a check and in particular also a cleaning of the operating fluid F is provided.
- the cleaning devices 16, 24 are provided for checking the operating fluid F.
- the operating liquid F is passed over the cleaning device 16, which is designed as an ion exchanger.
- dissolved ions contained in the operating fluid F are bound to ion exchange resins of the ion exchanger and are thus removed from the operating fluid F.
- the cleaning device 16 comprises, in addition to the ion exchanger, also further components, for example a dust separator or the filter for further cleaning of the operating fluid F.
- a first operating mode when a lower limit value for the conductivity is exceeded, a switch is made to the further cleaning device 24 and the first cleaning device 16 is regenerated.
- the contamination of the operating fluid F in the return line 14 or in the water separator 12 is measured via the measuring device 18 and the partial flow T2 and thus the cleaning device 16, 24 is only switched on when required if the operating fluid F has an increased degree of contamination above the lower one
- a monitoring device (not shown in more detail) is provided, for example, which reads and evaluates the measured values determined by the measuring device 28 and, if necessary, initiates the automatic shutdown.
- a signal is emitted, so that the fuel cell block 4 can be switched off manually by the operating personnel.
- the fuel cell system 2 When the fuel cell block 4 is switched off, the fuel cell system 2 is either operated in idle mode, that is to say without supplying process gas, or is switched off completely. Furthermore, after switching off, a cleaning measure is initiated, either the regeneration of the cleaning device 16 or the at least partial exchange of the operating fluid F with fresh water.
- This third operating mode is expediently provided as a safety function in all cases and in addition to the two operating modes mentioned above. However, it is also possible regardless of the other two operating modes. In this case, the operating fluid F is only monitored for one, namely the upper limit value for the contamination, and the operation of the fuel cell system is interrupted regularly when the contamination of the operating fluid exceeds the limit value.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05716675A EP1719198A2 (fr) | 2004-02-25 | 2005-02-14 | Procede d'exploitation d'un systeme de piles a combustible et systeme de piles a combustible |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04004216A EP1569293A1 (fr) | 2004-02-25 | 2004-02-25 | Dispositif de piles à combustible et mode opératoire d'un dispositif de piles à combustible |
| PCT/EP2005/050623 WO2005081341A2 (fr) | 2004-02-25 | 2005-02-14 | Procede d'exploitation d'un systeme de piles a combustible et systeme de piles a combustible |
| EP05716675A EP1719198A2 (fr) | 2004-02-25 | 2005-02-14 | Procede d'exploitation d'un systeme de piles a combustible et systeme de piles a combustible |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1719198A2 true EP1719198A2 (fr) | 2006-11-08 |
Family
ID=34745882
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04004216A Withdrawn EP1569293A1 (fr) | 2004-02-25 | 2004-02-25 | Dispositif de piles à combustible et mode opératoire d'un dispositif de piles à combustible |
| EP05716675A Withdrawn EP1719198A2 (fr) | 2004-02-25 | 2005-02-14 | Procede d'exploitation d'un systeme de piles a combustible et systeme de piles a combustible |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04004216A Withdrawn EP1569293A1 (fr) | 2004-02-25 | 2004-02-25 | Dispositif de piles à combustible et mode opératoire d'un dispositif de piles à combustible |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7935446B2 (fr) |
| EP (2) | EP1569293A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2005081341A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101023270B (zh) * | 2004-09-17 | 2011-07-13 | 巴斯福股份公司 | 操作液环压缩机的方法 |
| EP1724866A1 (fr) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé pour humidifier d'un gaz et humidificateur de gaz |
| DE102006045919A1 (de) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennstoffzellen-Kühlvorrichtung |
| FR2952552B1 (fr) | 2009-11-19 | 2012-01-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de recuperation de nanopoudres et de poudres ultrafines contenues dans un gaz |
| DE102013217231A1 (de) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung mit verbesserter Kondensat-Rückgewinnung |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2114920A1 (de) * | 1971-03-27 | 1972-10-26 | Varta Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Kohlendioxidentfernung aus Gasgemischen |
| ATE178163T1 (de) * | 1995-09-11 | 1999-04-15 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum betreiben einer brennstoffzellenanlage und brennstoffzellenanlage zum durchführen des verfahrens |
| JPH09231990A (ja) * | 1996-02-23 | 1997-09-05 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池用イオン交換式水処理装置の運用方法 |
| FR2746667B1 (fr) * | 1996-03-27 | 1998-05-07 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation de traitement d'air atmospherique destine a un appareil de separation |
| DE19636908C2 (de) | 1996-09-11 | 2001-08-16 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenanlage und Brennstoffzellenanlage |
| DE19903353C2 (de) * | 1999-01-28 | 2001-07-05 | Siemens Ag | Brennstoffzellenanlage mit einer Vorrichtung zur Befeuchtung der Prozeßgase sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Anlage |
| DE10218673A1 (de) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-20 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem mit einer Brennstoffzelleneinheit und einer Reinigungseinheit |
-
2004
- 2004-02-25 EP EP04004216A patent/EP1569293A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-02-14 EP EP05716675A patent/EP1719198A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-02-14 WO PCT/EP2005/050623 patent/WO2005081341A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2005-02-14 US US10/590,556 patent/US7935446B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2005081341A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1569293A1 (fr) | 2005-08-31 |
| WO2005081341A3 (fr) | 2006-10-26 |
| US20070281188A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
| WO2005081341A2 (fr) | 2005-09-01 |
| US7935446B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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