EP1728983B1 - Verfahren zum Abschätzung der Ölrestlebensdauer einer Brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Abschätzung der Ölrestlebensdauer einer Brennkraftmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1728983B1
EP1728983B1 EP05425391A EP05425391A EP1728983B1 EP 1728983 B1 EP1728983 B1 EP 1728983B1 EP 05425391 A EP05425391 A EP 05425391A EP 05425391 A EP05425391 A EP 05425391A EP 1728983 B1 EP1728983 B1 EP 1728983B1
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Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
engine
oil
physico
qualitative
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EP05425391A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1728983A1 (de
Inventor
Mario. c/o C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni GAMBERA
Chiara. c/o C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni BORELLO
Nicoletta. c/o C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni FRANCONE
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Centro Ricerche Fiat SCpA
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Centro Ricerche Fiat SCpA
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Priority to AT05425391T priority patent/ATE524641T1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/10—Indicating devices; Other safety devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for estimating the residual life of the lubricating oil of an internal-combustion engine.
  • lubricating oil for internal-combustion engines has principally the function of reducing friction between the mechanical parts of the engine, as well as that of cooling the engine and protecting it from the action of oxidizing agents.
  • lubricating oil undergoes a slow and irreversible deterioration, due principally to the absorption of carbon residue and particulate matter originating from the process of combustion, commonly known as soot, and other debris, which are generated by the rubbing of the various mechanical parts of the engine, as well as to the formation and absorption of lacquers and sludge.
  • Deterioration of the lubricating oil takes the form of a reduction in its lubricating power, or lubricating capacity, which depends, among other things, upon the chemico-physical characteristics of the lubricating oil, such as viscosity, total base number (TBN) or, alternatively, total acid number (TAN).
  • TBN total base number
  • TAN total acid number
  • the viscosity depends upon the running temperature of the engine and decreases as the temperature increases on account of the formation of polymers and byproducts of oxidation, such as lacquers and sludge, and is affected by the presence of particles, the chemical formulation of the oil, and its contamination by water, fuel and coolant.
  • the reduction of the total base number is indicative of a progressive exhaustion of the anti-oxidizing additives present in the lubricating oil, which have the purpose of protecting the engine from corrosion, which is caused principally by the formation of acids deriving from the process of combustion.
  • an oil change for an engine of a motor vehicle is usually carried out according to the programme established by the coupons for periodic maintenance prescribed by the automobile manufacturers, which, usually, involve a number of operations of maintenance to be carried out on the individual elements of the vehicle for the purpose of reducing the number of interventions and, consequently, are the result of a series of compromises between different requirements.
  • the document No. US 6.266,587 describes a method for determination of when it is necessary to carry out an oil change for the engine of a vehicle according to the recorded operating parameters of the engine.
  • the engine r.p.m. and at least one other operating parameter important for the ageing of the oil are continuously recorded, and, on the basis of these recorded parameters, a fictitious distance is determined, which is subtracted from a pre-set total distance in order to establish the operating distance that remains up to the next oil change.
  • US 6.253,601 describes a system of determination of the interval of oil change, in which at pre-set intervals of time there are estimated, and accumulated separately, generation of soot, increase in viscosity, and reduction in the total base number of the lubricating oil, on the basis of current engine parameters measured, such as the temperature of the engine, the flow rate of fuel supplied to the engine, and the running rate and load of the engine.
  • the driver is then warned of the need for an oil change.
  • This system moreover envisages the use of sensors, such as an oil-level sensor, a soot sensor and a viscosity sensor, in order to validate in real time the calculated values of soot generated, of increase in viscosity of the oil and of reduction in the total base number, and in order to prevent operating conditions that might prove catastrophic for the engine and are not detectable by mere calculation.
  • sensors such as an oil-level sensor, a soot sensor and a viscosity sensor
  • the document US 5750887 describes a method for determining the remaining life of engine oil including the step of measuring a plurality of engine parameters, determining an estimate of the characteristics of the engine oil as a function of the engine parameters, and trending the estimate and responsively determining the remaining life of the engine oil.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide an improved method for estimating in a reliable way the residual life of the lubricating oil of an internal-combustion engine, without having to resort to the use of any sensors.
  • a method for estimating the residual life of the oil of an internal-combustion engine, as defined in Claim 1.
  • Figure 1 is a flowchart of the method for estimating the residual life of the lubricating oil of an internal-combustion engine according to the invention, said method being implemented by an electronic control unit (not shown) on board the motor vehicle.
  • a first table shown in Figure 2 , containing, among other things, limit values of some quantities indicating the quality of the lubricating oil, in particular the amounts of soot, of lacquers, and of sludge present in the lubricating oil and designated, respectively, by Soot, Laq, Sld, the viscosity of the lubricating oil at 40°C, designated by Visc, and the total base number, designated by TBN (or, alternatively, the total acid number TAN) of the lubricating oil, the limit values of which represent thresholds, beyond which it is assumed that the degradation of the lubricating oil is such that the lubrication of the engine will no longer occur in an optimal way and it is thus advisable to carry out an oil change.
  • limit values of some quantities indicating the quality of the lubricating oil in particular the amounts of soot, of lacquers, and of sludge present in the lubricating oil and designated, respectively, by Soot, Laq, Sld, the visco
  • the first table shown in Figure 2 contains the following limit values:
  • a second table (not shown) containing threshold values of some engine quantities used during operations of comparison carried out when estimating the residual life of the lubricating oil, in the way described in detail in what follows, and namely:
  • the electronic control unit resets the values of physico-chemical quantities for the previous session of estimation of the residual life of the lubricating oil, in particular the recapitulatory quantities determined in the previous estimation session, the distance covered by the vehicle from the last updating of the qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil, the distance covered by the vehicle from the last oil change, and the table shown in Figure 2 .
  • the electronic control unit calculates the following recapitulatory quantities summarizing the conditions of use of the engine from the last oil change on the basis of the engine quantities acquired and calculated in block 20 (block 30):
  • the electronic control unit updates the distance KM _EST , in kilometres, covered by the vehicle from the last updating of the qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil (block 40).
  • the electronic control unit checks whether the vehicle has covered a given distance, for example 1000 km, from the last updating of the qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil (block 50). If it has not (output NO from block 50), the electronic control unit once again repeats the operations previously described starting from block 20, continuously updating the distance covered by the vehicle from the last updating of the qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil and the recapitulatory quantities referred to above; otherwise (output YES from block 50), the electronic control unit resets the distance covered by the vehicle from the last updating of the qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil (block 60) and then calculates the values of the following qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil (block 70) according to at least one recapitulatory quantity in the following way:
  • the electronic control unit stores the calculated values of the qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil in a table of the type shown in Figure 3 (block 80).
  • the electronic control unit updates the table of Figure 3 by simply storing the new calculated values of the qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil, and the distance at which they have been calculated, whilst, if for each of the qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil in the table of Figure 4 there has already been stored the aforesaid given number of values (ten), then the electronic control unit updates the table of Figure 3 eliminating the "older" values of the qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil, i.e., those calculated at the shorter distance covered by the vehicle present in
  • the electronic control unit checks whether the aforesaid given number of values (ten) is stored in the table of Figure 3 for each qualitative physico-chemical quantity of lubricating oil (block 90). If it is not (output NO from block 90), then the operations resume from those previously described starting from block 20, i.e., continuing updating of the distance covered by the vehicle from the last updating of the qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil and the recapitulatory quantities referred to above for the calculation of new values of the qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil.
  • the electronic control unit calculates, on the basis of the values contained in the table of Figure 3 , the residual life of the lubricating oil in terms of distance that can still be covered by the vehicle before the oil change (blocks 100-140).
  • the electronic control unit determines and stores in Table 2 the values of characteristic parameters a, b and F of a respective line of regression, which is determined using the least-squares method and represents a linear modelling of said quantity as a function of the distance covered by the vehicle (block 100).
  • F ⁇ y ⁇ i ⁇ y a ⁇ v 2 ⁇ y i ⁇ y a ⁇ v 2 / n ⁇ 2
  • the electronic control unit checks whether the model of each qualitative physico-chemical quantity of lubricating oil, represented by the respective line of regression, is statistically significant (block 110), and, according to the outcome of this check, calculates, for each qualitative physico-chemical quantity of lubricating oil considered irrespective of the others, the corresponding residual autonomy of the vehicle, in kilometres, before it is necessary to carry out the oil change, i.e., the distance that can still be covered by the vehicle before said quantity exceeds the corresponding limit value (block 120).
  • the electronic control unit performs the following operations:
  • the electronic control unit checks whether the angular coefficient (slope) b of the respective line of regression is greater than or equal to 0, and whether the quantity F of the respective model is greater than or equal to a threshold value, for example 2.
  • the respective modellings are considered statistically significant, and hence the electronic control unit calculates and stores, for each quantity and using the respective line of regression, the total distance, in kilometres, that the vehicle can cover altogether, starting from the previous oil change, before said quantity reaches the respective limit value stored ( LimSoot, LimLaq, LimSld) and it is thus necessary to carry out a oil change, according to the formulas:
  • the respective modellings are considered statistically not significant, and for these the electronic control unit considers, as total distance that can be covered by the vehicle between one oil change and the next, the last value calculated in conditions of statistically significant modelling. If upon the first execution of the calculation of the total distance that can be covered by the vehicle the modelling is not statistically significant, used as total distance that can be covered is a maximum distance stored, which is, for example, equal to the one indicated in the user operating and servicing instructions for the oil change.
  • the electronic control unit checks whether the quantity F of the respective model is greater than or equal to a threshold value, for example 2.
  • kmVisc is considered as total distance, in kilometres, that the vehicle can cover altogether, starting from the previous oil change, before the viscosity reaches a value such as to render the oil change advisable.
  • the model is then not considered statistically significant, and hence the electronic control unit considers, as total distance that can be covered by the vehicle between one oil change and the next, the last value calculated in conditions of reliable modelling.
  • the model is not statistically significant, as total distance that can be covered a maximum stored distance is used, which is, for example, equal to the one indicated in the user operating and servicing instructions for the oil change.
  • the electronic control unit checks whether the angular coefficient (slope) b of the corresponding line of regression is smaller than or equal to 0 and whether the quantity F of the respective model is greater than or equal to a threshold value, for example 2.
  • the model is not considered statistically significant, and the electronic control unit hence considers, as total distance that can be covered by the vehicle between one oil change and the next, the last value calculated in conditions of reliable modelling.
  • a stored maximum distance for example equal to the one indicated in the user operating and servicing instructions for the oil change, is used as total distance that can be covered.
  • the residual distance that can still be covered by the vehicle before having to change the lubricating oil could be calculated also considering any subset of the quantities indicating the aforementioned quality of the lubricating oil, as likewise the qualitative physico-chemical quantities of the lubricating oil could be determined on the basis of recapitulatory quantities other than those indicated.
  • the method according to the invention could be further enriched in order to take into account also any possible topping-up of lubricating oil that can occur between two subsequent oil changes.
  • a check is made on whether the topping-up has been performed and on the amount of oil involved, and, at each key-on of the vehicle, the level of the lubricating oil is stored (information that is known to the electronic control unit and is supplied by a level sensor purposely provided in the tank of the lubricating oil) and then the level of the lubricating oil between one key-on and the next is compared.
  • a given threshold for example, 1 kg
  • the lines of regression of the qualitative physico-chemical quantity of lubricating oil calculated in the way previously described are modified accordingly.
  • topping-up can be readily extended also to the case of multiple operations of topping-up.
  • the driver can be warned of an excessive consumption of the lubricating oil and of the need to carry out a check.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zum Abschätzen einer noch verbleibenden Haltbarkeit eines Schmieröls eines Verbrennungsmotors, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, umfassend die Schritte:
    - Bestimmen des Werts einer Vielzahl von zusammenfassenden Größen, welche die Betriebsbedingungen des Motors seit dem letzten Ölwechsel zusammenfassen; und
    - Bestimmen von jeweils dem Wert der qualitativen physikalisch-chemischen Größen des Schmieröls auf Grundlage der zusammenfassenden Größen,
    - wobei die qualitativen physikalisch-chemischen Größen die Größen Ruß, Viskosität (Visc) des Schmieröls und die Total Base Number (TBN) des Schmieröls oder die Total Acid Number (TAN) umfassen,
    - Abschätzen der noch verbleibenden Haltbarkeit des Schmieröls auf der Grundlage der qualitativen physikalisch-chemischen Größen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die qualitativen physikalisch-chemischen Größen ebenso Lack (Laq) und Ölschlamm (Sld) umfassen.
  2. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem jede zusammenfassende Größe aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, umfassend:
    • die Summe (RPMTOT) der Umdrehungszahlen (RPM) seit dem letzten Ölwechsel;
    • die Entfernung (KMOIL_MAX), die der Motor bei gewissen vorgegebenen Temperaturen (TOIL) des Schmieröls zurückgelegt hat;
    • die Dauer (H_BOOST_MIN), während der der Motor bei gewissen vorgegebenen erhöhten Drücken (PBOOST) betrieben worden ist;
    • die Dauer (hRPM,TQ), während der der Motor in gewissen vorgegebenen Bereichen des dimensionalen Diagramms des Motors betrieben worden ist;
    • die Dauer (hRPM,TOIL), während der der Motor bei gewissen Betriebsbedingungen, die jeweils durch einen entsprechenden Bereich der Umdrehungszahl (RPM) und durch einen entsprechenden Bereich der Temperatur (TOIL) des Schmieröls festgelegt sind, betrieben worden ist; und
    • die Dauer (HTOT_SHORT), während der der Motor bei einer vorgegebenen Temperatur (TOIL) des Schmieröls für eine vorgegebene Zeitdauer betrieben worden ist.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, des Weiteren umfassend:
    • Aktualisieren des Wert jeder zusammenfassenden Größe zu voreingestellten Zeitintervallen.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, des Weiteren umfassend:
    • Bestimmen des Werts jeder qualitativen physikalisch-chemischen Größe des Schmieröls zu voreingestellten, von dem Kraftfahrzeug zurückgelegten Entfernungen.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, des Weiteren umfassend:
    • Abschätzen der noch verbleibenden Haltbarkeit des Schmieröls zu voreingestellten, von dem Kraftfahrzeug zurückgelegten Entfernungen.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Abschätzen der noch verbleibenden Haltbarkeit des Schmieröls umfasst:
    • Bestimmen einer verbleibenden Entfernung, die von dem Kraftfahrzeug bis zum nächsten Ölwechsel noch zurückgelegt werden kann.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, bei dem das Bestimmen einer verbleibenden Entfernung umfasst:
    • Abschätzen der Gesamtentfernung, die von dem Fahrzeug nach dem Ölwechsel zurückgelegt werden kann, bevor der Wert der qualitativen physikalisch-chemischen Größe des Schmieröls eine vorgegebene Beziehung in Bezug auf zumindest einen entsprechenden Grenzwert erfüllt, und zwar für jede qualitative physikalisch-chemische Größe des Schmieröls; und
    • Bestimmen der verbleibenden Entfernung gemäß der Gesamtentfernung, die für jede qualitative physikalisch-chemische Größe des Schmieröls berechnet wurde, und der gegenwärtigen, von dem Fahrzeug zurückgelegten Entfernung.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei dem das Bestimmen, und zwar für jede qualitative physikalisch-chemische Größe des Schmieröls, der Gesamtentfernung, die von dem Fahrzeug zurückgelegt werden kann, bevor der Wert der qualitativen physikalisch-chemischen Größe des Schmieröls eine vorgegebene Beziehung in Bezug auf zumindest einen entsprechenden Grenzwert erfüllt, umfasst:
    • Erstellen eines mathematischen Modells der qualitativen physikalisch-chemischen Größe des Schmieröls als eine Funktion der von dem Fahrzeug zurückgelegten Entfernung; und
    • Abschätzen der Gesamtentfernung auf der Grundlage des mathematischen Modells.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, bei dem die Beziehung durch die Bedingung festgelegt ist, dass der Wert der qualitativen physikalisch-chemischen Größe des Schmieröls den entsprechenden Grenzwert überschreitet.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, bei dem das Erstellen eines mathematischen Modells der qualitativen physikalisch-chemischen Größe des Schmieröls umfasst:
    • Bestimmen charakteristischer Parameter einer Regressionsgeraden, die einen bekannten Ausdruck und einen Winkelkoeffizienten (Steigung) und einen Koeffizienten, welcher die Signifikanz des mathematischen Modells anzeigt, aufweist.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, bei dem das Bestimmen der Gesamtentfernung umfasst:
    • Verifizieren der statistischen Signifikanz des mathematischen Modells auf der Grundlage des Koeffizienten der Signifikanz; und
    • in dem Fall, in dem das mathematische Modell statistisch signifikant ist, Bestimmen der Gesamtentfernung auf der Grundlage des mathematischen Modells und des Grenzwerts.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, bei dem das Verifizieren der statistischen Signifikanz des mathematischen Modells umfasst:
    • Verifizieren, ob der Koeffizient der Signifikanz eine vorgegebene Beziehung in Bezug auf einen entsprechenden Schwellenwert erfüllt.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, bei dem das Verifizieren der statistischen Signifikanz des mathematischen Modells des Weiteren umfasst:
    • Verifizieren, ob der Winkelkoeffizient (Steigung) der Regressionsgeraden eine vorgegebene Beziehung in Bezug auf einen entsprechenden Schwellenwert erfüllt.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, des Weiteren umfassend:
    • in dem Fall, in dem das mathematische Modell statistisch nicht signifikant ist, Einstellen der Gesamtentfernung derart, dass sie gleich der letzten Gesamtentfernung ist, welche unter den Bedingungen der statistischen Signifikanz des mathematischen Modells berechnet wurde.
  15. Vorrichtung zum Abschätzen der noch verbleibenden Haltbarkeit des Schmieröls eines Verbrennungsmotors, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass in ihr das Abschätzverfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche implementiert werden kann.
EP05425391A 2005-05-30 2005-05-30 Verfahren zum Abschätzung der Ölrestlebensdauer einer Brennkraftmaschine Expired - Lifetime EP1728983B1 (de)

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EP05425391A EP1728983B1 (de) 2005-05-30 2005-05-30 Verfahren zum Abschätzung der Ölrestlebensdauer einer Brennkraftmaschine
AT05425391T ATE524641T1 (de) 2005-05-30 2005-05-30 Verfahren zum abschätzung der ölrestlebensdauer einer brennkraftmaschine

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EP05425391A EP1728983B1 (de) 2005-05-30 2005-05-30 Verfahren zum Abschätzung der Ölrestlebensdauer einer Brennkraftmaschine

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EP1728983B1 true EP1728983B1 (de) 2011-09-14

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7614284B2 (en) * 2007-01-08 2009-11-10 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Oil life monitoring system for a diesel engine
FR2935431B1 (fr) * 2008-08-29 2010-09-17 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Stategie de controle de la qualite du lubrifiant d'un moteur diesel.
US20130197830A1 (en) * 2012-02-01 2013-08-01 Afton Chemical Corporation System and method for determining a lubricant discard interval
US8977421B2 (en) * 2012-02-01 2015-03-10 Afton Chemical Corporation System and method for determining a lubricant discard interval
US8965625B2 (en) 2012-02-01 2015-02-24 Afton Chemical Corporation System and method for extending a lubricant discard interval
CN105298587A (zh) * 2015-04-28 2016-02-03 潍柴动力股份有限公司 发动机的润滑油寿命检测方法、装置及系统
EP3312397A4 (de) * 2015-07-17 2018-07-04 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Öllebensdauererfassungsvorrichtung und öllebensdauererfassungsverfahren
CN111709567B (zh) * 2020-06-09 2023-05-02 西安交通大学 基于螺杆压缩机滑动轴承轴心轨迹的润滑油剩余寿命预测方法及系统
CN119244343B (zh) * 2024-09-30 2025-09-19 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种发动机的机油寿命预测方法及装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4677847A (en) * 1985-09-30 1987-07-07 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Automotive engine oil monitoring system
US5750887A (en) * 1996-11-18 1998-05-12 Caterpillar Inc. Method for determining a remaining life of engine oil
JP3843381B2 (ja) * 1997-09-05 2006-11-08 株式会社小松製作所 エンジン潤滑油の交換時期の予測装置及び予測方法

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EP1728983A1 (de) 2006-12-06
ATE524641T1 (de) 2011-09-15

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