EP1745534A1 - Lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air - Google Patents

Lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air

Info

Publication number
EP1745534A1
EP1745534A1 EP04821701A EP04821701A EP1745534A1 EP 1745534 A1 EP1745534 A1 EP 1745534A1 EP 04821701 A EP04821701 A EP 04821701A EP 04821701 A EP04821701 A EP 04821701A EP 1745534 A1 EP1745534 A1 EP 1745534A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
lightning arrester
ionization
spike
reinforcing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04821701A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Eugeniusz Smycz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1745534A1 publication Critical patent/EP1745534A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G13/00—Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G13/00—Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
    • H02G13/80—Discharge by conduction or dissipation, e.g. rods, arresters, spark gaps

Definitions

  • the object of this invention is the lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air, to protect building structures against atmospheric discharges.
  • clouds laden with negative electric charge directed towards earth may gather.
  • a complete electric discharge, or flashover takes place.
  • Original flashover causes ionization of air atoms along a path of 10 - 20 meters, with subsequent ones ionizing further atoms and causing avalanche ionization and, upon reaching earth, a sudden discharge and a flow of positive charges, collected in the ground, take place towards the negatively charged cloud.
  • Lightning arresters of various designs are applied to direct electric discharge and to control the flow of charge from cloud towards the ground.
  • Franklin's lightning arrester of the simplest design constitutes a metal rod connected to earth and pointed at one end.
  • the rod spike located in strong electric field, causes ionization of air in its surrounding space.
  • Its principle of operation consists in creating of two channels that conduct generated ions - negative one, from cloud to the ground, and the positive one, with some delay, from lightning-arrester spike towards the cloud, whereas the higher they meet the higher the lightning-arrester efficacy.
  • the lightning-arrester efficacy is the higher the quicker the ionization taking place around its spike to provide an inception for generating a second channel that conducts towards the cloud, whereas various known methods exist to raise this effectiveness.
  • One of these methods consists in air ionization by means of an radioactive source in order to generate free electric charges around lightning-arrester spike.
  • a drawback of this solution is that, at the moment of lightening strike, the radioactive element becomes torn apart, thus causing radioactive contamination of the atmosphere.
  • the other known method to accelerate air ionization consists in air ionization with earth- connected piezoelectric element, with which the lighting rod and additional electric wire are equipped.
  • the principle of operation of this lightning arrester consists in converting of wind- strength-caused mechanical movements of the lighting rod into high-voltage pulses ionizing air under the effect of lighting-rod pressure onto piezoelectric element.
  • this lightning arrester functions only with wind being present.
  • the lightning-arrester spike is charged electrically during the storm, and the collected charge is stored in capacitor of electrical system and then converted to high-voltage pulse which raises the electric potential of the spike, thus accelerating air ionization around it and, at the moment of lightning stroke, an electric discharge takes place between capacitor electrodes.
  • This type of lightning arrester has this drawback that capacitor electrodes are not connected with the metal element and therefore, in case of damage to electronic system, this lightning arrester becomes completely ineffective.
  • the collecting electrode is located opposite and near the discharge electrode, whereas the magneto consists of the spike and a flat electrode located opposite it.
  • the electric field from charged cloud, or from atmospheric discharge descending towards earth concentrates on lightning-arrester spike, which fulfils the role of electric-field collecting electrode, and then the electric potential is transferred on the spike of magneto, thus initiating ionization between it and flat electrode, which in turn causes a raising of potential on the spike of the main ionization electrode and initiates air ionization around the spike. It was found that the efficacy of lightning-arrester functioning depended significantly on the level of ionization current, i.e.
  • the objective of this invention is to develop a simple and reliable lightning-arrester design enabling accelerated ionization of air around its spike as well as a simultaneous significant rise in the effectiveness of its functioning.
  • the essence of the design solution of the lightning arrester of this invention is that its high- voltage coil is located in metallic reinforcing electrode with its top face plugged and connected in series with the spike of main ionization electrode, whereas the space between this coil and the reinforcing electrode is filled with solid-state dielectric, preferably polyurethane resin.
  • the diameter of the reinforcing electrode equals 1.3 to 5.0 diameters of the high-voltage coil.
  • the reinforcing electrode is preferably made of metal, especially steel sheet. It is also preferable that the reinforcing electrode is made in metal coated form. It is also preferred that the reinforcing electrode has a diameter within 20 mm and 100 mm, most preferably 50 mm, its length is within 50 mm and 1000 mm, preferably 350 mm, and its thickness is within 0.2 mm and 50 mm, preferably 2 mm.
  • the unfolding bottom-up ionized air path weakens its strength, thus creating potential for easier breakdown between the front of descending lightning stroke/atmospheric discharge.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air
  • fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of modified embodiment of this lightning arrester. The lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air, shown in fig.
  • main ionization electrode I provided with spike 2, connected in series through reinforcing electrode 3, with high-voltage coil 4 and the spike of magneto 5 located opposite its flat electrode 6 connected with earthing electrode 8 through external electrode 7, whereas the top member of external electrode 7 is located opposite main ionization electrode 1 and the space between the main ionization electrode , external electrode 7, earthing electrode 8, and inside the reinforcing electrode 3, is filled with solid-state dielectric 9, preferably polyurethane resin.
  • the earthing electrode 8 is constituted by a thin metal coating plated by spraying on plastic pipe 10, plugged from the side of main ionization electrode i, with bottom plug ⁇ , and its outlet situated above magneto 5.
  • the reinforcing electrode 3, lOOmm-long and 50mm in diameter, has 0.2mm -thick metal coating, plated by spraying on plastic pipe J_0, whereas the reinforcing electrodes with lengths of 50 mm and 500 mm and diameters of 20 mm and 100 mm were applied in other embodiments of the invention.
  • the lightning arrester consists of air-ionizing spike 2 that is connected in series, through tubular reinforcing electrode 3, with high- voltage coil 4 and the spike of magneto 5, located opposite its flat electrode 6 connected 110 with earthing electrode 8, whereas the flat electrode 6 is located near the outlet of the tubular reinforcing electrode 3.
  • the reinforcing electrode 3 is made of metal pipe of the thickness 2 mm, the length 350 mm and diameter 75 mm, plugged at one end, whereas the reinforcing electrodes with thickness 1.0 mm, length 100 mm and diameter 25 mm or with thickness 5 mm, length 500 mm and diameter 75 mm or with thickness 50 mm, length 1000
  • reinforcing electrode 3 enables collecting a larger electric charge induced by electric field of the atmospheric discharge and creating a scattered capacitance system between this electrode and the high-voltage coil providing electric current, i.e. ionization current, to a ion generating system.
  • the optimum conditions are created when the diameter of the reinforcing electrode 3 equals 1.3 to 5.0 diameters of high- voltage coil 4. At coil diameter 30 mm the optimum diameter of reinforcing electrode 3 is 50 mm. In turn, if the resistance to wind should be increased, the optimum length of the reinforcing electrode 3 shall be 350 mm. In the lightning-arrester embodiment shown in fig. 1, the existence of direct current flow is
  • the reinforcing electrode 3 is utilized for electric-discharge current transferring towards earthing electrode 8, equivalent to external electrode 7, shown in the embodiment in fig. 1.
  • This requires reinforcing electrode 3 made of thicker metal for this case, compared to electrode in the first embodiment, which may

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  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)

Abstract

A lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air around its spike consisting of main ionization electrode, connected in series, through high voltage coil and magneto, with earthing electrode, characterized in that the high-voltage coil (4) is located in metallic reinforcing electrode (3) with its plugged upper face connected to the spike (2) of the main ionization electrode (1), whereas the space between reinforcing electrode (3) and high-voltage coil (4) is filled with solid-state dielectric (9). The reinforcing electrode (3) is made of metal, preferably of steel sheet or in form of metal plated coating.

Description

Lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air
The object of this invention is the lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air, to protect building structures against atmospheric discharges. In certain atmospheric conditions clouds, laden with negative electric charge directed towards earth may gather. In case such charge is too large, and the intensity of electric field exceeds a certain threshold, a complete electric discharge, or flashover takes place. Original flashover causes ionization of air atoms along a path of 10 - 20 meters, with subsequent ones ionizing further atoms and causing avalanche ionization and, upon reaching earth, a sudden discharge and a flow of positive charges, collected in the ground, take place towards the negatively charged cloud. Lightning arresters of various designs are applied to direct electric discharge and to control the flow of charge from cloud towards the ground. Commonly known Franklin's lightning arrester of the simplest design constitutes a metal rod connected to earth and pointed at one end. The rod spike, located in strong electric field, causes ionization of air in its surrounding space. Its principle of operation consists in creating of two channels that conduct generated ions - negative one, from cloud to the ground, and the positive one, with some delay, from lightning-arrester spike towards the cloud, whereas the higher they meet the higher the lightning-arrester efficacy. Also, it was found that the lightning-arrester efficacy is the higher the quicker the ionization taking place around its spike to provide an inception for generating a second channel that conducts towards the cloud, whereas various known methods exist to raise this effectiveness. One of these methods consists in air ionization by means of an radioactive source in order to generate free electric charges around lightning-arrester spike. A drawback of this solution is that, at the moment of lightening strike, the radioactive element becomes torn apart, thus causing radioactive contamination of the atmosphere. The other known method to accelerate air ionization consists in air ionization with earth- connected piezoelectric element, with which the lighting rod and additional electric wire are equipped. The principle of operation of this lightning arrester consists in converting of wind- strength-caused mechanical movements of the lighting rod into high-voltage pulses ionizing air under the effect of lighting-rod pressure onto piezoelectric element. However, this lightning arrester functions only with wind being present. Also known is the method of accelerated air ionization by means of electric pulses around lightning-arrester spike, which is isolated from earth by a capacitor and electronic system. In this method the lightning-arrester spike is charged electrically during the storm, and the collected charge is stored in capacitor of electrical system and then converted to high-voltage pulse which raises the electric potential of the spike, thus accelerating air ionization around it and, at the moment of lightning stroke, an electric discharge takes place between capacitor electrodes. This type of lightning arrester has this drawback that capacitor electrodes are not connected with the metal element and therefore, in case of damage to electronic system, this lightning arrester becomes completely ineffective. Also known is the method of accelerated air ionization around the spike of main lightning-arrester electrode by means of additional two electrodes located below the spike where electrodes and the spike are connected with earth through electronic system containing collecting electrodes. These electrodes collect electric charges converted by electronic system to high voltage supplied to side electrodes, causing air ionization near the spike of main electrode. In this method the air ionization takes place through side electrodes below the main electrode thus limiting the effectiveness of this lightning arrester. The accelerated air ionization, with simultaneous protection of main electrode spike against damage, was achieved also by applying lightning arrester according to Polish patent application P-332387 consisting of main ionizing electrode provided with discharge electrode, connected in series with earth through coil and magneto and of at least one collecting electrode connected directly with earth. In this lightning arrester the collecting electrode is located opposite and near the discharge electrode, whereas the magneto consists of the spike and a flat electrode located opposite it. In this solution, the electric field from charged cloud, or from atmospheric discharge descending towards earth, concentrates on lightning-arrester spike, which fulfils the role of electric-field collecting electrode, and then the electric potential is transferred on the spike of magneto, thus initiating ionization between it and flat electrode, which in turn causes a raising of potential on the spike of the main ionization electrode and initiates air ionization around the spike. It was found that the efficacy of lightning-arrester functioning depended significantly on the level of ionization current, i.e. the flowing electric charge having its beginning at the spike of its main electrode, as the generated ions are the source of avalanche reaction accompanying the electric breakdown of air. The objective of this invention is to develop a simple and reliable lightning-arrester design enabling accelerated ionization of air around its spike as well as a simultaneous significant rise in the effectiveness of its functioning. The essence of the design solution of the lightning arrester of this invention is that its high- voltage coil is located in metallic reinforcing electrode with its top face plugged and connected in series with the spike of main ionization electrode, whereas the space between this coil and the reinforcing electrode is filled with solid-state dielectric, preferably polyurethane resin. The diameter of the reinforcing electrode equals 1.3 to 5.0 diameters of the high-voltage coil. The reinforcing electrode is preferably made of metal, especially steel sheet. It is also preferable that the reinforcing electrode is made in metal coated form. It is also preferred that the reinforcing electrode has a diameter within 20 mm and 100 mm, most preferably 50 mm, its length is within 50 mm and 1000 mm, preferably 350 mm, and its thickness is within 0.2 mm and 50 mm, preferably 2 mm. The unfolding bottom-up ionized air path weakens its strength, thus creating potential for easier breakdown between the front of descending lightning stroke/atmospheric discharge. In turn, the high pressure fulfils a barrier function for sudden current surge, causing lightning stroke discharge from external electrode to the earthing electrode, thus omitting the center of the lightning arrester and, in consequence, the coil with magneto are protected against damage. The object of the invention will be described closer in its embodiments shown in the drawing where Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of modified embodiment of this lightning arrester. The lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air, shown in fig. 1, consists of main ionization electrode I provided with spike 2, connected in series through reinforcing electrode 3, with high-voltage coil 4 and the spike of magneto 5 located opposite its flat electrode 6 connected with earthing electrode 8 through external electrode 7, whereas the top member of external electrode 7 is located opposite main ionization electrode 1 and the space between the main ionization electrode , external electrode 7, earthing electrode 8, and inside the reinforcing electrode 3, is filled with solid-state dielectric 9, preferably polyurethane resin. The earthing electrode 8 is constituted by a thin metal coating plated by spraying on plastic pipe 10, plugged from the side of main ionization electrode i, with bottom plug ϋ, and its outlet situated above magneto 5. The reinforcing electrode 3, lOOmm-long and 50mm in diameter, has 0.2mm -thick metal coating, plated by spraying on plastic pipe J_0, whereas the reinforcing electrodes with lengths of 50 mm and 500 mm and diameters of 20 mm and 100 mm were applied in other embodiments of the invention. In the second embodiment of the invention, shown in fig. 2, the lightning arrester consists of air-ionizing spike 2 that is connected in series, through tubular reinforcing electrode 3, with high- voltage coil 4 and the spike of magneto 5, located opposite its flat electrode 6 connected 110 with earthing electrode 8, whereas the flat electrode 6 is located near the outlet of the tubular reinforcing electrode 3. In this case, the reinforcing electrode 3 is made of metal pipe of the thickness 2 mm, the length 350 mm and diameter 75 mm, plugged at one end, whereas the reinforcing electrodes with thickness 1.0 mm, length 100 mm and diameter 25 mm or with thickness 5 mm, length 500 mm and diameter 75 mm or with thickness 50 mm, length 1000
115 mm and diameter 100 mm were applied in other embodiments of the invention. Application of reinforcing electrode 3 enables collecting a larger electric charge induced by electric field of the atmospheric discharge and creating a scattered capacitance system between this electrode and the high-voltage coil providing electric current, i.e. ionization current, to a ion generating system.
120 By trials-and-tests method the optimum dimensions of reinforcing electrode 3 were determined along with the finding that enlarging the electrode diameter causes a rise in electric charge collected while a raising of distance between high-voltage coil 4 and reinforcing electrode 3 decreases the capacitance whereas enlarging of the diameter of this coil worsens its efficiency.
125 Therefore, the optimum conditions are created when the diameter of the reinforcing electrode 3 equals 1.3 to 5.0 diameters of high- voltage coil 4. At coil diameter 30 mm the optimum diameter of reinforcing electrode 3 is 50 mm. In turn, if the resistance to wind should be increased, the optimum length of the reinforcing electrode 3 shall be 350 mm. In the lightning-arrester embodiment shown in fig. 1, the existence of direct current flow is
130 not manifested as the potential of high- voltage coil 4 is, all along it, the same as that of the reinforcing electrode 3 and, in case of current flow decay through this coil, a voltage drop takes place all along its length and, a resulting potential difference appears between external coil sections of this coil and the reinforcing electrode 3. Then a discharge of scattered- capacitance capacitors, i.e. supplying of electric energy in the form of additional current in
135 high- voltage coil 4. takes place in form of harmonic high-frequency current transients. Thus ensuing new, high, harmonic high-frequency current transients are the generators of additional overvoltages that augment ionization around the spike 2 of the main ionization electrode L Due to this solution, a several times higher ionization current was obtained and the
140 lightning-arrester effectiveness rose nearly twice as a result. In turn, in the lightning-arrester embodiment shown in fig. 2, the reinforcing electrode 3 is utilized for electric-discharge current transferring towards earthing electrode 8, equivalent to external electrode 7, shown in the embodiment in fig. 1. This requires reinforcing electrode 3 made of thicker metal for this case, compared to electrode in the first embodiment, which may
145 have only a thin metal coating.

Claims

Patent claims
What is claimed is: 1. A lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air around its spike consisting of main ionization electrode, connected in series, through high voltage coil and magneto, with earthing electrode, characterized in that the high-voltage coil (4) is located in metallic reinforcing electrode (3) with its plugged upper face connected to the spike (2) of the main
5 ionization electrode (1). 2. A lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the space between the reinforcing electrode (3) and high-voltage coil (4) is filled with solid-state dielectric (9). 3. A lightning arrester according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the solid-state dielectric is preferably a polyurethane resin.
10 4. A lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of reinforcing electrode (3) equals 1.3 to 5.0 diameters of high-voltage coil (4). 5. A lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing electrode (3) is made of metal, preferably a steel sheet. 6. A lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing electrode 15 (3) is made in form of metal plated coating. 7. A lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing electrode (3) has a diameter within 20 mm and 100 mm, preferably 50 mm. 8. A lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing electrode (3) has a length within 50 mm and 1000 mm, preferably 350 mm. 0 9. A lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing electrode (3) has a thickness within 0.2 mm and 50 mm, preferably 2 mm.
EP04821701A 2004-02-26 2004-12-08 Lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air Withdrawn EP1745534A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL365619A PL204398B1 (en) 2004-02-26 2004-02-26 Lightning arrester exhibiting an accelerated air ionisation feature
PCT/PL2004/000103 WO2005083863A1 (en) 2004-02-26 2004-12-08 Lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1745534A1 true EP1745534A1 (en) 2007-01-24

Family

ID=34910143

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04821701A Withdrawn EP1745534A1 (en) 2004-02-26 2004-12-08 Lightning arrester with accelerated ionization of air

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1745534A1 (en)
CN (1) CN100474724C (en)
PL (1) PL204398B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2336617C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2005083863A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK200600653A (en) 2006-05-09 2007-11-10 Vestas Wind Sys As Lightning protection system for a wind turbine blade, and method for producing a wind turbine blade with a lightning protection system
CN106329317B (en) * 2015-06-18 2018-06-29 王昆生 Passive compound strong ionization discharge plasma refuses thunder device
CN111257604A (en) * 2020-04-09 2020-06-09 国家电网有限公司 A test wiring device for the upper section of the arrester with a voltage level of 500kV and above
PL242486B1 (en) 2021-03-26 2023-02-27 Eugeniusz Smycz Lightning rod with a lightning protection system isolated from a protected object, with a power supply control unit monitoring the technical condition of its head

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1089440B (en) * 1957-04-25 1960-09-22 Oschatz & Kriegl K G Lightning rod tip
FR2553236B1 (en) * 1983-10-07 1986-01-10 Pierson Alexandre SELF-SUPPLIED LIGHTNING PROTECTION DEVICE
EP0402552A1 (en) * 1989-06-12 1990-12-19 Panagiotis Th. Pappas High ionisation lightning conductor with an oscillating high-voltage converter
CN2276677Y (en) * 1996-11-18 1998-03-18 田凤祥 Composite lightning-protection device
CN2418606Y (en) * 2000-02-26 2001-02-07 黄建国 Lightning arrester
RU2186448C1 (en) * 2001-01-03 2002-07-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственное предприятие "Спектр" Lightning protector
CN2539333Y (en) * 2001-09-17 2003-03-05 郭建国 Active ion switch lightning arrestor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2005083863A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2006133827A (en) 2008-04-10
PL365619A1 (en) 2005-09-05
RU2336617C2 (en) 2008-10-20
CN100474724C (en) 2009-04-01
PL204398B1 (en) 2010-01-29
CN1890851A (en) 2007-01-03
WO2005083863A1 (en) 2005-09-09

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