EP1747430A2 - Verfahren zum wiegen eines produktes, wägesystem und bestückungsvorrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum wiegen eines produktes, wägesystem und bestückungsvorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1747430A2 EP1747430A2 EP05754314A EP05754314A EP1747430A2 EP 1747430 A2 EP1747430 A2 EP 1747430A2 EP 05754314 A EP05754314 A EP 05754314A EP 05754314 A EP05754314 A EP 05754314A EP 1747430 A2 EP1747430 A2 EP 1747430A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- product
- transponder
- weighing
- weighing system
- rfid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000037063 Thinness Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 206010048828 underweight Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
- G01G19/40—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups with provisions for indicating, recording, or computing price or other quantities dependent on the weight
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G11/00—Apparatus for weighing a continuous stream of material during flow; Conveyor belt weighers
- G01G11/04—Apparatus for weighing a continuous stream of material during flow; Conveyor belt weighers having electrical weight-sensitive devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for weighing a product, in which the product is conveyed along a measuring section and an actual weight value is determined for the product.
- Known methods of this type are used to verify the weight of products for sale. If the product weight deviates from a target weight specified for the product type by more than a likewise specified tolerance value, the product in question is sorted out after the weighing process by means of a sorting device, such as a pusher, a blow nozzle or a switch. To do this, the target weights and corresponding tolerances for the respective product type of the product to be tested must usually be entered manually in the weighing system. As a result, the dynamic checkweigher with sorting device ensures that no products that do not comply with the statutory requirements are put on the market in legal traffic Tolerances (e.g. in Europe pre-packaging regulations - food area).
- a sorting device such as a pusher, a blow nozzle or a switch.
- the scale uses weight detection to ensure that the package is complete. No tablets or instructions or the like may be missing.
- the user defines the weight tolerances.
- the weight tolerances are usually entered directly on the device, and a relatively large number of different articles, for example 200 different articles, can be defined.
- the changeover can be carried out via an interface (external article changeover) or binary signals, but is carried out by hand as standard by the operating personnel on the scale, which can lead to manipulations or incorrect settings and is practically without exception with almost no direct reference to what is currently running on the scale Product.
- the invention therefore has as its object to optimize a method of the type mentioned with regard to its operational sequence.
- this object is achieved by means of the method of the type mentioned at the outset in that the product is provided with a transponder and data traffic is carried out with the transponder.
- a transponder is a part of the RFID
- a transponder consists of a large-area coil and an antenna. To operate an RFI D system, the communication device first generates a high-frequency magnetic field in its antenna. As a result, a voltage builds up in the coil of the transponder, which is used by the transponder as a power supply and makes a battery unnecessary. This principle is called "inductive coupling".
- data exchange can also be carried out on the basis of capacitive coupling.
- a clock frequency is derived from the AC voltage generated in the coil of the transponder, which the microprocessor then uses it as the system clock.
- the actual data transmission takes place by switching the magnetic field on and off.
- data already on the transponder can thus be read out or new data can be written to it.
- the error rate can be reduced in the subsequent sorting process.
- the weighing system performing the weighing process can read information, such as product type, target weight and / or measurement tolerances, from the transponder of a supplied product. Based on this information, the general conditions for the subsequent measurement can then be optimally set.
- a certain measuring time or a certain number of individual measurements, from which the end result is determined by averaging, can result from certain required measurement tolerances.
- actual weight values for the product in question can be obtained with greater significance and less probability of error. This enables the quota of incorrectly sorted products to be reduced in the subsequent sorting step.
- writing information into the product's transponder also enables better error control of the sorting process.
- the measured actual weight value can thus be stored on the transponder after the measuring process and products sorted out by means of the rejection device can be checked again with the aid of an RFID reading device.
- Products that have been incorrectly sorted out due to a malfunction of the rejection device can thus be found by comparing the actual weight value stored on the transponder with the target weight value and feeding them back to the products intended for sale. Conversely, products intended for sale, in particular from which the
- Retailers receiving products are checked again with regard to their target weight and any products that exceed or fall below the target weight are subsequently discarded. This can significantly reduce the error rate with regard to the weight sorting of the products.
- a product information characterizing a product type of the product is read from the transponder and this information is used for the actual weight value determination.
- a weighing mode for determining the actual weight can then be determined from the product information read out. That is, the measurement program including measuring tolerances and conveying speed during the measurement, number of measurements before averaging the weight value and measurement frequency etc. can be set automatically by the weighing system on the basis of the product information read out. As already mentioned above, the frequency of errors in the subsequent sorting process can be reduced because a manual setting of these
- Parameter is excluded as a source of error. It is also possible with this embodiment to supply different product types to the measuring section in an unordered order, since a necessary change of the weighing mode is now automatically set via the product information read from the transponder. An upstream cost-intensive sorting step is therefore unnecessary.
- a bar code attached to the product and identifying a product type of the product is optically read out before the actual weight value determination.
- This information is preferably available in addition to the product information read from the transponder and identifying the product type.
- Target weight value can either be read directly from the transponder or by reading out another information, such as the product information, and one subsequent assignment to a target weight value can be determined using an assignment table stored in the weighing system.
- the ascertained actual weight value is then compared with the target weight value and, in the event that the values deviate from one another more than permissible, a control signal is sent to the sorting device, which then separates the product in question.
- the evaluation can also only be carried out at the sorting device if both the actual weight value and the target weight value are stored on the transponder. In this case, a data connection between the weighing system and the sorting device becomes superfluous and the sorting process can be completely decoupled from the weighing process.
- the sorting device only requires an RFI D reading device and an evaluation unit which, based on the data stored in the transponder, decides on the need to sort out the product.
- a device upstream of the measuring section transmits data to the measuring section and then the transmitted data is written into the transponder. This means that all important data for the product can be written to the transponder via the RFID writing device of the weighing system. This eliminates the need for expensive upstream devices to be equipped with RFID writing devices.
- the product before the actual weight is ascertained, the product is equipped with a number of individual products and an indication of the equipment is written into the transponder.
- This information can be written to the transponder before the actual weight is determined or after the actual weight is determined.
- the assembly is preferably carried out by a selected assembly unit of an assembly device and an identification information assigned to the selected assembly unit is written into the transponder.
- This identification information can either be written directly into the transponder by the placement device, or it can first be transmitted from the placement device to the weighing system and then written into the transponder by the RFID communication device of the weighing system.
- the loading device can be, for example, a filling station with various filling heads for filling product packaging bags.
- an identification number identifying the assembly unit is written into the transponder. If, during the subsequent weighing of the product, an actual weight value deviating from the target weight value is then determined, the weighing system then sends a control signal to the placement device concerned.
- the control signal effects a suitable correction of the number of individual products supplied by the assembly unit with the corresponding identification number during the assembly process to a product.
- the weighing system can either read the identification number identifying the associated assembly unit from the transponder or.
- the identification information is sent to the weighing system by the loading device in the order of the incoming products. In the case in. Since the weighing system reads the identification information of the placement unit from the transponder, it is no longer necessary to maintain the order of the products between the placement device and the weighing system. This enables optimal flexibility in the manufacturing process.
- a weighing system suitable for achieving the object on which the invention is based, with a weighing device for determining an actual weight value of a product placed thereon, is characterized by an RFID communication device for carrying out contactless data traffic with a transponder connected to the product, the RFID communication device with the weighing device for Transfer of data is coupled.
- the weighing system has a feed device for feeding the product to the weighing device before the weighing process and / or a discharge device for transporting the product away from the weighing device after the weighing process. This enables the weighing system to be operated efficiently, since it is possible to determine the weight of successively fed products with high throughput.
- the weighing device advantageously has a weighing belt running in a longitudinal direction for transporting the product. This allows the actual weight of the product to be measured while it is in motion.
- the feed device and the discharge device also each have a conveyor belt rotating in the longitudinal direction. This runs the product to be weighed without changing the momentum from the infeed belt to the weighing belt and on to the outfeed belt. This means that a continuous product flow with optimal throughput can be processed in the weighing device.
- the RFID communication device has an RFID reading device for reading out a product specification, which characterizes a product type of the product, from the transponder. This allows a weighing mode to be used during the weighing process. The weighing device thus automatically provides measurement parameters such as measurement tolerances and belt conveyor speed. the measurement, number of measurements before averaging or measurement frequency. Manual entry of these parameters is therefore unnecessary.
- the RFID reader is advantageously arranged on the feed device or the discharge device and the product information transmitted by the RFID reader can be stored in the weighing device.
- the stored information can then be used for statistical purposes. For example, product type-specific weight distributions can be determined, from which improvement measures for the filling process, but also the weight determination process, can be derived.
- the weighing system has one on the
- Bar code reader arranged for feeding device for optically reading out a product specification which identifies a product type of the product and is optically attached to the product.
- This information offers the possibility of an additional check of the information read from the transponder, as well as the possibility of checking whether the product is equipped with the correct packaging.
- the bar code reader can also be replaced by an optical camera that is able to identify bar code labels. The camera can also be used to determine whether transparent packaging has been filled correctly or whether, for example, a tab protrudes from the packaging.
- the weighing system can also have a volume measuring device for determining the product volume. Using the different reading and measuring systems, incorrect labeling or incorrect packaging can be detected particularly well.
- the weighing system can also have a metal detector for sorting out metal-containing products. This allows the valid guidelines for Food products are complied with, in which it is demanded that no metallic contaminants may enter the market. The presence of the metal content can then also be documented on the transponder. Furthermore, the weighing system preferably also has an X-ray device or X-ray device in order to detect impurities in the product. These measurement results are also preferably documented on the transponder, as a result of which an evaluation of the results and a possible decision about a sorting out can be shifted to a later point in time.
- the RFID communication device has an RFID writing device arranged on the removal device for writing the determined actual weight value of the product into the transponder of the product in question. In this way, the correctness of the sorting can be checked again in the case of a sorting out immediately after the measuring process. However, the sorting process can also be carried out at a later time regardless of the measurement sequence.
- the weighing system advantageously has an interface for receiving data sent from an upstream device and the RFID communication device has an RFID writing device for writing the received data into the transponder.
- an upstream placement device can be used to transmit information indicative of the placement to the weighing system, whereupon this information is written to the transponder by the RFID communication device of the weighing system together with the actual weight of the product determined by the weighing system.
- the weighing system has a labeling device for attaching a transponder to the product.
- the labeling expediently takes place after the weighing process.
- the measured actual weight value can be saved on the transponder before labeling or afterwards.
- An assembly device suitable for achieving the object on which the invention is based, for equipping a product with a number of individual products, is characterized by an RFID communication device for carrying out contactless data transfer with a transponder connected to the product.
- Sorting errors can be largely avoided.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a weighing system according to the invention with an RFID reader arranged on a feed belt
- FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a weighing system according to the invention with an RFID reader arranged on a feed belt and a further RFID communication device arranged on a discharge belt, and
- FIG 3 shows an arrangement according to the invention of a weighing system with an equipping device having an RFID writing device.
- An embodiment of a weighing system shown schematically in FIG. 1 has a base frame 2 standing on the floor with height-adjustable feet 1, on which a feed belt 3, a weighing belt 4 serving as a measuring section and a discharge belt 5 are arranged one behind the other in the horizontal alignment line.
- the three belts 3, 4, 5 are guided in the same direction and at the same speed, each over two horizontally spaced rollers, each of which rollers 6, 7 and 8 are driven by electric motors 9, 10 and 11, respectively. These electric motors are regulated in such a way that the same belt speed is guaranteed for all three belts 3, 4, 5.
- the weighing belt 4 serving as the measuring section is supported on a load cell 12 fixed to the base frame 2.
- the weighing belt 4 serving as the measuring section is individually fed by the feed belt 3 at its end 13 which is to be weighed in relation to the conveying direction.
- the weighing belt 4 serving as the measuring section transports the product 13 that has been fed into it to its end on the output side with respect to the conveying direction and transfers it there to the discharge belt 5.
- the latter is assigned a sorting device 14, which is only indicated schematically, for example in the form of a pushing device or a blowing nozzle, from which faulty products 13 can be sorted out.
- An RFID reader 15 for contactless reading of data stored on a transponder is located on the feed belt 3. In the present embodiment of the weighing system, the products 13 already arrive at the weighing system with an RFID label having a transponder 16.
- the RFID reader 15 already detects product data stored on the transponder 16.
- the reading device forwards this data to a computer in the terminal of the weighing system.
- the computer 13 can use the product data to assign the product 13 to a product type or article in a stored article database.
- the weighing system then automatically adjusts to this article data.
- the weighing system determines the weight of the product 13 on the weighing belt 4.
- the product can still be sorted out behind the weighing belt 4.
- a pusher for example, a pusher, a blow nozzle or a switch overweight or underweight products in a collecting container.
- FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the weighing system according to the invention. This also has a feed belt 3, a weighing belt 4 and a
- a product to be weighed 13 is in the direction of the arrow on the
- the RFID reader also detects here
- the computer assigns the product to a product type or item in the saved item database and the weighing system automatically adjusts to this item data. After determining the weight of the product 13 on the
- Weighing belt 4 writes the weight data and possibly also batch information to the transponder 16 of the product 13, arranged on the discharge belt 5 and designed as a writing device.
- the RFID data device 21 is now on the transponder 16 a plurality of data records, namely the product data and the individual information added by the weighing system, including the measured actual weight of the product 13.
- the product can be sorted out behind the weighing belt 4. This can be done before or after the RFID write process.
- the weighing system can also be a
- Metal detector which is preferably arranged on or on the feed belt 3.
- the metal detector checks whether there are 13 metal components in the packaged product. Then, in particular on the discharge belt 5 after the weighing, a pusher or a blowing nozzle can sort out a product 13 identified as containing metal into a collecting container. This option is especially for
- the weighing system can also be designed so that it is checked for metal content, but the product in question is not initially sorted out.
- the RFI D communication device 21 designed as a writing device can also store this information.
- a bar code scanner and / or a volume measuring device can be arranged on the feed belt. If a bar code is present on the product 13, the bar code scanner then reads in the associated data. The volume meter then measures that
- the metal detector still checks the product 13 for metal content. All associated data is forwarded to the weighing system computer, whereupon the latter compares the data from the RFID reader, the bar code scanner, the volume measuring device and the metal detector in order to discover incorrect labels.
- a product that e.g. carries the wrong barcode, but has the right RFID label, can be sorted out here. If the system does not sort out metal-containing products, wrong or incorrectly programmed transponders, wrong barcodes or wrong volume, the RFID communication device 21 can also store the data relating to this.
- a camera or an X-ray device can also be arranged on the feed belt 3 in addition to a metal detector, a bar code scanner and a volume measuring device.
- a camera then checks the products 13 behind the bar code scanner. Among other things, it can determine whether transparent packaging is correctly filled or whether there are tabs protrude from the packaging. The camera can also completely replace the function of the bar code scanner because it can also capture EAN-compliant bar code data.
- an X-Ray device can also check the products with X-rays. It looks for impurities by checking the mass of the product. If an item does not match the preset one
- the X-Ray device reports the result to the weighing terminal.
- the weighing system computer can compare the data of the RFID reader, the bar code scanner, the camera, the volume measuring device and the metal detector in order to discover incorrect labels. These can then be sorted out or, if this does not happen, corresponding information can be written into the transponder 16 of the product 13.
- the RFI D communication device 21 shown in FIG. 2 is designed as an RFID reading / writing device.
- the item data or product type data must then be set manually at the terminal of the weighing system, since they cannot be read in automatically on the feed belt 3 due to the lack of an RFID reader.
- the RFID read / write device 21 reads out the product data on the transponder. This enables the system to collect statistical data on product data and throughput.
- the function can also be carried out if the RFID communication device 21 is only designed as an RFID reader.
- the RFID communication device 21 designed as an RFID reader / writer then writes the actual weight values and possibly also other batch information to the transponder 16. If the RFID label does not yet contain any data as it passes through the weighing device, this writes combined read / write device 21 also the set article data of the computer of the weighing system on the transponder 16.
- a metal detector and / or a volume measuring device can also be arranged on the feed belt 3 in this embodiment of the weighing system.
- a bar code scanner can also be provided on the feed belt, with the aid of which the weighing system can carry out an automatic article changeover if a bar code is present on the product.
- the scanner forwards the number of the bar code to the computer in the terminal of the balance. Through this number, the computer can then save the product 13 to a product type or article in the Assign article database. If there is no barcode on product 13, the user must manually set the item data on the scale.
- an X-ray device can also be provided on the feed belt 3.
- the RFID communication device 21 can be designed as an RFID labeler with a read / write function. In this case, the
- Product 13 fed to the weighing system may not already be equipped with an RFID label.
- the RFID labeler then prints an RFID label having a transponder 16 on the product.
- the device writes the set article data of the weighing system, the actual weight data and possibly also other batch information in the transponder 16 of the label.
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the weighing system according to the invention.
- this also has a separate belt 17 of a filling section.
- An RFID writing device 15 is arranged on this belt 17. Behind it is a filling station 19 which fills the supplied product packaging 18 provided with an RFID label with the product content.
- the filling station 19 has a number of filling heads 20, which are assigned continuous filling head numbers for identification.
- the RFID writing device 15 writes the filling head number used to fill the product packaging 18 into the transponder. The device is synchronized with the filling station.
- the RFID writing device 15 also forwards this data record to the weighing terminal.
- the actual weight of the product 13 is determined on the weighing belt 4. If the product 13 is too heavy or too light, the terminal reports the data to the filling station 19 via the filling head test option.
- the filling station 19 then adjusts the filling quantity of the corresponding filling head 20 (filling head-specific tendency control). Overweight and underweight products can still be sorted out on the discharge belt 5 by means of a sorting device.
- the RFID writing device 15 at the filling station can also be dispensed with. Since the filling head-specific data are also forwarded to the weighing terminal, this data can only be written into the transponder using an RFID writing device arranged on the weighing system.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
- Cash Registers Or Receiving Machines (AREA)
- Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
- Weight Measurement For Supplying Or Discharging Of Specified Amounts Of Material (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004024109A DE102004024109A1 (de) | 2004-05-14 | 2004-05-14 | Verfahren zum Wiegen eines Produktes, Wägesystem und Bestückungsvorrichtung |
| PCT/EP2005/004311 WO2005111554A2 (de) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-04-21 | Verfahren zum wiegen eines produktes, wägesystem und bestückungsvorrichtung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1747430A2 true EP1747430A2 (de) | 2007-01-31 |
Family
ID=34970852
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05754314A Withdrawn EP1747430A2 (de) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-04-21 | Verfahren zum wiegen eines produktes, wägesystem und bestückungsvorrichtung |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7472031B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1747430A2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN100535615C (de) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0510854A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102004024109A1 (de) |
| NO (1) | NO20064842L (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2337329C1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2005111554A2 (de) |
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| US8374887B1 (en) | 2005-02-11 | 2013-02-12 | Emily H. Alexander | System and method for remotely supervising and verifying pharmacy functions |
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| CN101611296B (zh) * | 2007-02-08 | 2011-12-21 | 株式会社石田 | 重量检查装置和具有它的重量检查系统 |
| DE102007013333A1 (de) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-25 | Bizerba Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Parametrierung und zum Betrieb von Waagen |
| DE102007032270A1 (de) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-15 | Mettler-Toledo Garvens Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Prüfen von Produkten und Prüfverfahren |
| GB0804764D0 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2008-04-16 | Cheyney Design & Dev Ltd | Test apparatus |
| US7570371B1 (en) * | 2008-05-12 | 2009-08-04 | Storm Thomas W | Apparatus and method for measuring volumes |
| IT1391772B1 (it) * | 2008-11-17 | 2012-01-27 | Ennegi S R L | Metodo di verifica ed identificazione di prodotti e macchinario verificatore operante secondo tale metodo |
| US8908995B2 (en) | 2009-01-12 | 2014-12-09 | Intermec Ip Corp. | Semi-automatic dimensioning with imager on a portable device |
| IT1394024B1 (it) * | 2009-05-08 | 2012-05-25 | Ima Life Srl | Dispositivo per la pesatura di contenitori alimentati lungo una linea di convogliamento e relativo metodo |
| US20110209923A1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and Device for Weighing Objects of Different Weight Classes |
| DE102010011561B4 (de) | 2010-03-16 | 2025-11-06 | Bizerba SE & Co. KG | Wägevorrichtung |
| US9930297B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2018-03-27 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | System and method for acquiring images of medication preparations |
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- 2005-04-21 US US11/596,686 patent/US7472031B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| RU2006144461A (ru) | 2008-06-20 |
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| BRPI0510854A (pt) | 2007-12-26 |
| DE102004024109A1 (de) | 2005-12-08 |
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