Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/02—Details
  • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
  • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle for interrupting DC

Definitions

• the invention relates to a direct current power supply and distribution system for ships according to the preamble of claim 1; such a system is e.g. known from WO 02/15361 AI.
• Ship power supply and distribution systems are mostly designed as direct current low-voltage networks with high operating voltages or potentials up to 1200 V DC. They have at least one, and in some cases also several energy producers, e.g. Generators, batteries, possibly fuel cells, which various consumers such as Supply the traction motors or an on-board electrical system with power to supply auxiliary drives.
• the energy generators and the energy consumers are connected to one another via protection and switching elements, which on the one hand enable or disable (e.g.
• Protective and switching devices are e.g. two-pole circuit breakers for use.
• the electrical currents flowing in such a system generate stray magnetic fields.
• the stray fields can influence the electromagnetic compatibility, the safety and the operational behavior of the system. For example, electronic controls can be influenced and faulty switching can be caused. be opened. In the case of naval ships, the stray fields can increase the risk to the ships - for example from magnetic mines.
• At least one of the protective and switching elements is designed as a three-pole circuit breaker which can be switched into the system with its three poles in such a way that magnetic stray fields generated by the currents flowing through the three poles are at least partially compensate each other, and wherein a compressed air drive is provided for switching the three poles
• the invention is based on the consideration that a not insignificant proportion of the magnetic stray fields is generated by the switching and protective devices. According to the invention, a three-pole circuit breaker is therefore used as the switching and protective element.
• a pole of a circuit breaker generally has a contact or switching element with usually two switching elements (one fixed and one movable switching element) and in each case at least one conductor connection for each of the switching elements.
• a three-pole circuit breaker is understood to mean a circuit breaker with three poles, the movable contact pieces of which are moved by a common drive element via a common drive mechanism (e.g. drive shaft).
• Three-pole circuit breakers are commonly used in AC systems, but not in DC systems. In deviation from this, however, use is now targeted in a DC system. This is based on the knowledge that with the help of three poles or three conductors, better compensation of magnetic fields can be achieved than is possible with only two poles.
• a compressed air drive is used instead of the electro-motor drive normally used to move contact pieces of the three poles. Compared to an electric motor drive, a compressed air drive has significantly fewer magnetic parts and thus generates significantly less magnetic stray fields. In addition, compressed air is already available on ships, in particular on underwater ships, and compressed air supply can thus be easily implemented.
• the at least partial mutual compensation of the magnetic fields can be implemented in a technically constructive manner in a simple manner in that the three poles are arranged spatially parallel to one another, a second pole being arranged essentially centrally between a first and a third pole, and the through the current flowing through the first and third poles is in each case half the size of the current flowing through the second pole and is directed in the opposite direction.
• FIG. 2 shows a basic circuit of a three-pole circuit breaker of the system from FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a three-pole circuit breaker with compressed air drive
• FIG. 5 shows a rear view of a control panel scaffold with a busbar and two three-pole circuit breakers
• FIG. 6 shows a section along the line VI-VI according to FIG. 4,
• a DC power supply and distribution system 1 of an underwater ship shown in FIG. 1 has a first sub-network 1 a and a second sub-network 1 b, which are connected to one another via coupling points 9.
• the two sub-networks la, lb have generators 2 and batteries 3 and a fuel cell system 4 for energy generation.
• the generated energy is used to feed a motor 5 (e.g. DC motor or DC-fed motor) for driving the underwater ship and an on-board electrical system, not shown in detail.
• a battery charging by an external energy source is possible via a charging connection 6.
• the motor 5 is fed by both sub-networks la, lb, so that the operation of the motor 5 and thus the maneuverability of the ship is ensured even if one of the two sub-networks la, lb fails.
• Circuit breakers 7, each with three poles 7a, 7b, 7c, are electrically connected between the individual components and at the coupling points 9 as protection and switching elements.
• poles 7a and 7c of the circuit breaker 7 are connected with their connections 7.1 and 7.2 or 7.5 and 7.6 in parallel in an outgoing conductor L + a load L (for example the motor 5 of the system 1 from FIG. 1), while the pole 7b is connected with its connections 7.3 and 7.4 in a return conductor L- of the load L.
• the three poles 7a, 7b, 7c of the circuit breaker 7 are arranged spatially parallel to one another, the pole 7b being arranged essentially centrally between the pole 7a and the pole 7c.
• a compressed air drive 15 is provided for moving the switching elements of the poles 7a-c, which are not shown in detail, and which are supplied with compressed air via a compressed air connection 15a from a compressed air system, not shown in more detail, of the lower water vessel.
• the power switch 7 thus has only small magnetic stray fields when current flows. Due to the compressed air drive, the generation of magnetic stray fields by the drive of the circuit breaker during switching operations of the circuit breaker 7 is avoided.
• the circuit breaker 7 is designed as a self-supporting assembly switch without a special base plate.
• People who Pole 7a-c is arranged in a housing 13 consisting of insulating material walls and has an arc chamber 8 with a number of approximately equally large quenching plates 11.
• the housings 13 of the three poles 7a-c are clamped together to form a fixed switch frame.
• the front end of the circuit breaker 7 is formed by a front plate 10.
• various shafts 12 for example one or more switching shafts, drive shafts and / or tripping shafts
• the compressed air drive 15 for driving the drive mechanism is arranged on the front of the front plate 10.
• FIG. 4 The basic structure of the three-pole circuit breaker 7 is shown in FIG. 4. Each of the poles 7a-c has one
• Switching element 18 each with a fixed contact piece 18a and a movable contact piece 18b.
• the compressed air drive 15 acts on the movable switching pieces 18b via mechanical intermediate elements (e.g. switch locks 16, shafts 12).
• each of the poles 7a-c has a magnetic overcurrent release 19.
• the magnetic stray fields can be reduced even further if the circuit breaker 7 consists at least partially of non-magnetic materials. Since the waves cause magnetic stray fields to a particular extent due to the comparatively large mass and volume, at least one of the waves 12, in the best case all the waves 12, preferably consists of an amagnetic material. The same applies to the front plate 10, which therefore preferably also consists of an amagnetic material.
• the quenching plates 11 should, as far as possible, also be made of an .amagnetic material when high demands are placed on the amagnetics.
• the quenching plates 11 should, as far as possible, also be made of an .amagnetic material when high demands are placed on the amagnetics.
• only sheets 11 made of an amagnetic material are used, and only for the stability of the light sheet.
• Gencro required sheets 11 are made of a magnetic and thus usually mechanically stronger material.
• at least 50% of the quenching plates consist of an amagnetic material, in particular of copper.
• the proportion of non-magnetic sheets is preferably approximately 80%, the remaining 20% made of magnetic material serve to stabilize the arc chamber.
• a further reduction of the magnetic stray fields can be achieved in that the three-pole circuit breaker 7, as shown in FIGS. 5-7, in a switching frame 20 with at least one busbar 21 with an essentially tubular outer conductor 22 and an inner conductor arranged essentially coaxially with this 23 is arranged, wherein the first pole 7a and the third pole 7c are electrically connected to the inner conductor 23 and the second pole 7b to the outer conductor 22.
• a switching frame 20 with such a busbar 21 is e.g. known from DE 200 08 566 Ul.
• the outer conductor 22 and the inner conductor 23 are e.g. fixed relative to one another by means of a screw / insulator system 24.
• the outer conductors 22 consist of two profile rails 22a, 22b with an open cross section, in the exemplary embodiment shown with a U-shaped cross section. These are connected and fastened by connecting pieces 25 with a T-shaped cross section.
• a T-leg 29 protrudes from the profile rails and is used for fastening and contacting.
• the inner conductor 23 which is designed as a flat part, has connection pieces 26 projecting transversely to the longitudinal center axis, which project through the slot in an electrically insulated manner between the two profile rails 22a, 22b forming the outer conductor and serve for contacting and fastening.
• the switching frame 20 consists of different spar-like (non-magnetic) extruded aluminum profiles 31, 32 which are connected to one another by means of corner connectors 34.
• a first three-pole circuit breaker 7 is arranged above the busbar 21 and a second three-pole circuit breaker 17 is arranged below the busbar 21 in the switching frame 20.
• the circuit breakers 7, 17 are fastened to assembly units 37, which in turn are fastened to the extruded profiles 31 by means of fastening pieces 42.
• the connections 7.2 and 7.6 of the switch 7 and the connection pieces 7.1 and 7.5 of the circuit breaker 17 are electrically connected to connection pieces 25 of the outer conductor 22, the connection 7.4 of the circuit breaker 7 and the connection 7.3 of the circuit breaker 17 are connected to connection pieces 26 of the inner conductor 23.
• the remaining connecting pieces of the circuit breakers 7, 17 are e.g. electrically connected to system components via cable connections.
• circuit breakers 7 and 17 By arranging the circuit breakers 7 and 17 above or below the busbar 21 in the switching frame 20, a further reduction of the stray fields is possible, since the magnetic fields generated in the two circuit breakers 7, 17 partially compensate each other.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
• Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
• Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
• Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=34969714

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 2004
  • 2004-05-19 DE DE102004024882A patent/DE102004024882A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2005
  • 2005-05-17 WO PCT/EP2005/052234 patent/WO2005114687A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2005-05-17 DE DE502005003471T patent/DE502005003471D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-05-17 EP EP05752721A patent/EP1747568B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-05-17 AT AT05752721T patent/ATE390701T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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