EP1779935A2 - Dispositif et procédé de couchage - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de couchage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1779935A2
EP1779935A2 EP06122978A EP06122978A EP1779935A2 EP 1779935 A2 EP1779935 A2 EP 1779935A2 EP 06122978 A EP06122978 A EP 06122978A EP 06122978 A EP06122978 A EP 06122978A EP 1779935 A2 EP1779935 A2 EP 1779935A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
coating
curtain
color
thickness gauge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06122978A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1779935A3 (fr
EP1779935B1 (fr
Inventor
Takeo Nakazawa
Tadashi Sasa
Toshio Hirano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Patent GmbH filed Critical Voith Patent GmbH
Publication of EP1779935A2 publication Critical patent/EP1779935A2/fr
Publication of EP1779935A3 publication Critical patent/EP1779935A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1779935B1 publication Critical patent/EP1779935B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/46—Pouring or allowing the fluid to flow in a continuous stream on to the surface, the entire stream being carried away by the paper
    • D21H23/48—Curtain coaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/02—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1002—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves
    • B05C11/1005—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material already applied to the surface, e.g. coating thickness, weight or pattern
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1002—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves
    • B05C11/1015—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves responsive to a conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature ; responsive to position or movement of the coating head relative to the target
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1039—Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material; Controlling means therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/007—Slide-hopper coaters, i.e. apparatus in which the liquid or other fluent material flows freely on an inclined surface before contacting the work
    • B05C5/008—Slide-hopper curtain coaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
    • B05C9/06—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying two different liquids or other fluent materials, or the same liquid or other fluent material twice, to the same side of the work
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
    • D21H19/82—Paper comprising more than one coating superposed
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/78—Controlling or regulating not limited to any particular process or apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for two-coat application of coating color on the surface of a moving web (w), in particular a paper or board web, using a coating device, in which for the two-layer application of coating color two arranged at any distance from each other Curtain coats, each dispensing coating color down are provided and wherein on a guide plate on which successively issued by the aforementioned Vorhangstreichköpfen in the direction of an inclined plane of the guide plate down respective coating colors to form a two-layer ink layer in the course of their movement over the inclined plane and said color layers are delivered in the form of a color curtain to the surface of the moving web.
  • a coating color or coating compound is applied to a serving as a base paper base sheet and then dried using a coater.
  • the devices used in the coating application for this purpose are referred to as coating machines.
  • curtain coater in which a curtain-shaped coating film from a Vorhangstreichkopf (from a chamber with spray nozzle to form a curtain film of coating color) is delivered to a moving web and there is a cover line is increasingly used.
  • curtain coaters have been used in the field of photographic printing paper production for many years, curtain coaters remain unused in the paper industry due to the unstable stroke caused by the instability of the coating curtain due to draft, bubble entrapment and lack of mechanical precision at high operating speeds.
  • FIG. Figure 6 shows a cross section of a two-layer curtain coater used for this purpose.
  • the coating colors ta, tb from above arranged Vorhangstreichköpfen a, b as color curtains ca, cb on a web w moved in the direction of the arrow w and form on the surface of the web w a two-layer line s consisting of the layers sa, sb.
  • a coating layer is usually formed as a first layer on the film surface, and the coating layer sb is usually formed as a second layer on the surface of the first coating layer sa.
  • FIG. 7 shows the cross section of an im Japanese Patent S62-47075 disclosed two-coat coater.
  • the coating colors ta, tb are dispensed from a dual curtain coating head c as overlapped two-layer color curtains ca, cb, in the same manner as in FIG. 6 a two-layer coating layer sa, sb on the surface a running web w is formed.
  • the friction coefficient therebetween is large enough to allow uniform line expansion along the web surface w, which in turn provides for the normal formation of a uniform defect-free overlay sa, sb allows.
  • the first layer ca of the color curtain is wider than the web w
  • the other layer cb of the color curtain which is narrower than the web w
  • the overflowing color ta can be collected and recycled for reuse for the application of a coating layer same recipe for liquid feed. Note that during free fall, the color curtain will shrink in width due to changes in surface tension.
  • the flow rate and thickness of the color curtains ca, cb emitted by the curtain coating heads a, b result in dispersion amounts in the lateral direction.
  • the dispersion of the color curtains ca, cb shows up as a dispersion of the applied amount of the application layer sa, sb.
  • this dispersion is comparatively stable.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus for two-layer curtain application, in which or avoided in a lane offset of the web, but at least reduced and a dispersion of the color layers is reduced.
  • the object is achieved with a device according to claim 1.
  • an offset sensor is used to detect the roll offset of the web and a thickness gauge to detect the amount applied to the web.
  • the position of one of the two curtain coaters is controlled laterally by signals provided by the offset sensor to match the lane offset of the web, while the position of the other curtain coat head in the lateral direction is controlled by signals from the thickness gauge relative to the first curtain coat head will minimize dispersion of the total amount of application dispensed by the two curtain coats.
  • the invention also relates to a device according to claim 8.
  • the curtain coating heads are moved according to the invention laterally to the web and set the width of the coating color dispensed by the curtain coaters greater than the web width.
  • an offset sensor a lolling offset of the web and with a thickness gauge, the applied to the web order amount is dedektiert.
  • the position of one of the two curtain coaters is controlled laterally by signals provided by the offset sensor to correspond to the lane offset of the web, while the position of the other curtain coat head in the lateral direction through the thickness gauge is related to the first curtain coat head Signals are controlled so that the dispersion of the total order amount delivered by the two curtain coaters is minimized.
  • the beneficial effects of the coater and coating method of the present invention include, for example, facilitating a trouble-free stroke even with skew-related paper misalignment and further minimizing the application amount dispersion, as well as allowing easy color recovery and system rinse with water before and after brushing ,
  • the coating device 1 is a coating device for the two-layer application of coating colors on a moving web w.
  • the coating device 1 comprises two curtain coating heads 1a, 1b arranged at any distance from each other for the downwardly directed delivery of corresponding coating colors.
  • the symbol 2 refers to a guide plate.
  • the coating colors successively applied by the two above-mentioned curtain coating heads 1a, 1b downwards in the direction of an inclined plane 2a laminate so that they form a two-layered color layer in the course of their movement over the inclined plane 2a.
  • the said ink layer is for this purpose in the form of a curtain consisting of the color curtains ca and cb, directed downwards onto the surface of the web w via a downward-pointing curtain guide part 2b at the lower end of said inclined plane 2a, forming a uniform coating layer s, which consists of the individual layers sa and sb, on the web w out.
  • the coating colors ta and tb have the same composition, the color curtains ca, cb are wider than the web w.
  • the sections of the color curtains ca, cb which flow over the edges of the web w on both sides are collected in a paint trough 3.
  • the apparatus includes means for recovering the coating color to independently collect and recycle all the ink discharged from the curtain coating heads 1a, 1b prior to coating the web.
  • the ink recovery means includes a paint tray 4a which is wider than the ink discharged from the curtain coating head 1a and is intended for recovery of the total amount of paint and water dispensed by the curtain coating head 1a.
  • the ink recovery means also includes a paint tray 4b which is wider than the ink discharged from the curtain coating head 1b is determined for the recovery of the total amount of paint and water discharged by the curtain coating head 1a.
  • a pump not shown in the figures, the entire color trapped in the ink pans 4a, 4b is returned to the corresponding feedstock systems.
  • FIG. 3b In the transition from the operating preparation phase to the operating phase is shown in FIG. 3b only the guide plate 2 moves. The curtain coating heads 1a and 1b remain stationary.
  • the curtain coating heads 1a, 1b are displaceable in the lateral direction of the web w as shown in FIG. That is, the curtain coating heads 1a, 1b have a sliding part 5.
  • the sliding part 5 (see FIG. 1), which includes a rail 5a and a trailer part 5b engaging in the rail 5a, is driven by an actuator 11.
  • the actuator 11 may be a hydraulic cylinder or a servo cylinder.
  • the symbol 6 denotes an offset sensor for detecting the roll offset of the web w.
  • the offset sensor 6 may, for example, constitute a device for detecting the position of a web edge with the aid of a CCD camera.
  • the order quantity gauge 7 denotes a thickness gauge for detecting the amount of application on the web w.
  • the order quantity gauge 7 comprises a thickness gauge 7a for detecting the weight of the web w before coating, a thickness gauge 7b for detecting the weight of the web w after brushing.
  • a computer 8 is configured to calculate the corresponding weight difference, the result output by the computer 8 expressing the order quantity.
  • the thickness gauge 7 detects, while a sensor head of the thickness gauge scans the web in the lateral direction, the order quantity in a certain position.
  • the sensor head in which devices are provided for transmitting and receiving light radiation, recognizes the degree of radiation attenuation during the passage of the web.
  • the offset sensor 6 sends signals to a controller 10, and sends control signals to the actuators 11a, 11b of the curtain coaters 1a, 1b to turn them on To change the position of the Vorhangstreichkexcellent 1a, 1b in the lateral direction so that they correspond to the Schlingerversatz of the web.
  • the output of the computer 8 is sent to a controller 9 and this sends control signals to an actuator 11b of the curtain coating head 1b. That is, the actuator 11b effects an adjustment of the relative position of the curtain coating head 1b to the curtain coating head 1a based on control signals received from the controller 10 and control signals received from the controller 9. The amount of this adjustment is controlled so as to minimize the total dispersion of the amount applied by the two curtain coaters 1a, 1b.
  • the control of the dispersion of the total amount of application to a minimum is based on an adjustment amount program installed in the control unit 9, wherein the dispersion of the total application amount detected by the thickness gauge caused by any small side-to-side movement of the one curtain coat head over the other curtain coat head Is minimum, and the input of coming from the computer 8 signals in the program, which determines the output of the computer 9 in response thereto.
  • the respective state of dispersion can be recognized, after which the optimum adjustment can be calculated on the basis of a corresponding calculation.
  • the solid line indicates the mean position of the web w
  • the broken line indicates its staggered cradling position
  • x indicates the distance between the middle position and the staggered position.
  • the center position of the curtain coating head 1a is shown by a solid line, and the state after the movement made by the actuator 11a is indicated by the broken line. The amount of this movement is x.
  • the center position of the curtain coating head 1b is shown by a solid line, and the state after by the actuator 11b movement is indicated by the dashed line.
  • the actuator 11b receives signals from both the controller 9 and the controller 10, and the curtain coating head 1b is displaced from the curtain coating head 1a by an amount y.
  • the edge portions of the color curtain cb remain within the edges of the web w and there are no voids in the formed line.
  • Vorhangstreichkexcellent 1a, 1b are laterally displaced to the web w and their position in the lateral direction to the web w via coming from the displacement sensor 6 signals is controlled so that it corresponds to the path offset, can between the color curtains ca, cb and the web In the lateral direction, a fixed relative position is constantly maintained and, accordingly, it is not possible for the side edges of the paper fed through the system to remain uncoated.
  • the adjustment made to minimize the dispersion of the total application amount detected by the thickness gauge 7 by each small movement of the one curtain coating head 1b relative to the other curtain coating head 1a laterally of the web w is determined in terms of size.
  • the two separately provided curtain coating heads 1a, 1b have, as already described, color recovery means 4a, 4b for receiving and independently returning the entire coating color dispensed by the curtain coating heads 1a, 1b.
  • color recovery means 4a, 4b for receiving and independently returning the entire coating color dispensed by the curtain coating heads 1a, 1b.
  • FIG. 4a to 4b each show a diagram for illustrating the bar dispersion.
  • FIG. 4 a is to represent the line dispersion of a first layer sa and FIG. 4 b the line dispersion of a second layer sb.
  • Fig. 4c illustrates an overlap state of curtain coat head 1a and curtain coat head 1b without displacement
  • Fig. 4d illustrates an overlap state in which curtain coat head 1b faces the curtain coating head 1a has been moved to the left.
  • the overlap ratio of the peaks and valleys is larger in Fig. 4d than in Fig. 4c and the total dispersion amount is lower in Fig. 4d.
  • FIG. Fig. 5 is a table numerically representing the bar dispersion.
  • the numbers in the upper row of the respective table frames respectively indicate the order amount of the first layer sa
  • the numbers in the lower row of the respective table frames respectively indicate the order amount of the second layer sb
  • the numbers among the framed fields indicate the respective total order quantities.
  • the dashed line indicates the position of the web w.
  • Fig. 5a expresses the shiftless overlap state of curtain coat head 1a and curtain coat head 1b
  • Fig. 5b expresses the overlap state after the curtain coat head 1b has been shifted to the right with respect to the curtain coat head 1a
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and accordingly, a number of changes can be made thereto within the spirit of the present invention.
  • a thickness gauge is used to determine the total application amount, if a device that recognizes the weight of the specific components within the paint is used, only a single thickness gauge needs to be used Line application be used.

Landscapes

  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
EP06122978A 2005-11-01 2006-10-26 Dispositif et procédé de couchage Not-in-force EP1779935B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005318581A JP4902983B2 (ja) 2005-11-01 2005-11-01 塗工装置および塗工方法

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1779935A2 true EP1779935A2 (fr) 2007-05-02
EP1779935A3 EP1779935A3 (fr) 2008-06-18
EP1779935B1 EP1779935B1 (fr) 2011-03-02

Family

ID=37686294

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06122978A Not-in-force EP1779935B1 (fr) 2005-11-01 2006-10-26 Dispositif et procédé de couchage

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1779935B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4902983B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE500000T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502006008985D1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009043700A3 (fr) * 2007-09-27 2009-07-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Dispositif d'application et procédé pour faire fonctionner un dispositif d'application
CN102692666A (zh) * 2011-03-25 2012-09-26 住友化学株式会社 偏振板的制造方法
CN111013906A (zh) * 2020-01-13 2020-04-17 吉林建筑大学 一种基于建筑节能板的生产喷涂装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202011001109U1 (de) * 2011-01-07 2011-03-17 Basf Se Vorrichtung zum Auftrag von flüssigen Reaktionsgemischen auf eine Deckschicht
WO2016165740A1 (fr) * 2015-04-14 2016-10-20 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. Application de fluide

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6247075A (ja) 1985-08-26 1987-02-28 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 静電潜像現像方法および装置

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GB1321474A (en) * 1970-10-19 1973-06-27 British Iron Steel Research Method and apparatus for guiding sheet
DE2351369C2 (de) * 1973-10-12 1983-05-11 CIBA-GEIGY AG, 4002 Basel Beschichtungsvorrichtung
EP0003860B1 (fr) * 1978-03-01 1982-03-24 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Méthode pour le revêtement par rideau d'une nappe avec des couches photographiques multiples superposées
DE19631888A1 (de) * 1996-08-07 1998-02-12 Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh Auftragwerk zum direkten oder indirekten Auftragen eines flüssigen oder pastösen Streichmediums auf eine laufende Materialbahn, insbesondere aus Papier oder Karton
DE20023954U1 (de) * 2000-11-22 2007-12-06 Voith Patent Gmbh Vorhang-Auftragsvorrichtung
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US6706315B2 (en) * 2001-09-17 2004-03-16 Xerox Corporation Coating process for coating die with laser position sensors
JP2003241405A (ja) * 2001-12-12 2003-08-27 Xerox Corp 光伝導体の被覆工程
DE10320146A1 (de) * 2003-05-06 2004-11-25 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Mehrschicht-Auftragsvorrichtung zum Auftragen von Auftragsmedium im Wege wenigstens eines mehrschichtigen Vorhangs oder Schleiers
JP2005230683A (ja) * 2004-02-19 2005-09-02 Nippon Steel Corp 塗装鋼板の製造方法及び鋼板の塗装設備
JP4746894B2 (ja) * 2005-03-14 2011-08-10 ボイス ペ−パ− パテント ゲ−エムベ−ハ− 塗工装置
JP4902160B2 (ja) * 2005-09-22 2012-03-21 ボイス ペ−パ− パテント ゲ−エムベ−ハ− 塗工装置

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6247075A (ja) 1985-08-26 1987-02-28 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 静電潜像現像方法および装置

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009043700A3 (fr) * 2007-09-27 2009-07-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Dispositif d'application et procédé pour faire fonctionner un dispositif d'application
CN102692666A (zh) * 2011-03-25 2012-09-26 住友化学株式会社 偏振板的制造方法
CN111013906A (zh) * 2020-01-13 2020-04-17 吉林建筑大学 一种基于建筑节能板的生产喷涂装置
CN111013906B (zh) * 2020-01-13 2020-11-10 吉林建筑大学 一种基于建筑节能板的生产喷涂装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE500000T1 (de) 2011-03-15
JP4902983B2 (ja) 2012-03-21
EP1779935A3 (fr) 2008-06-18
DE502006008985D1 (de) 2011-04-14
EP1779935B1 (fr) 2011-03-02
JP2007125463A (ja) 2007-05-24

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