Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
  • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
  • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
  • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
  • D01B1/22—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating with crushing or breaking rollers or plates

Definitions

• the invention relates to the technique of scutching flax or any other cellulosic fiber that can be dyed, such as a bast fiber, such as hemp, kenaf, jute or ramie.
• the scutching operation is intended to mechanically treat, after retting, the flax stems to separate the fibers (or tow) from the other parts of the plant (the head, containing the straw and the sponge). seed, and the woody parts of the stem or shoots). These fibers are then combed to further remove shives and short fibers or tow, before clearing long fibers having the qualities required for their subsequent use, especially in spinning.
• this scutch comprises firstly a scraping step during which a steel tooth comb will separate the capsule from the stem or straw.
• Grinding refers to the step during which the cohesion of the rod is broken by grinding between pairs of rotating corrugated rollers arranged in meshing, and whose axes are parallel to the rods advancing in sheet, in order to break the lignin and allow the extraction of shives.
• the turbining effects this separation between the fibers and the shackles by the shocks generated by means of steel blades movable in rotation along an axis perpendicular to the direction of the rods and which strike successively all the portions of the rods.
• the present invention relates to the improvement of the operation of extraction of shives, namely woody waste linseed, to allow an increase in the amount of this waste, namely a decrease in fiber loss.
• the present invention provides a device for scutching flax or any other plant whose stem contains cellulosic fibers that can be separated by scutching, comprising, in the usual manner,: - transport means rods in a direction d drive substantially perpendicular to the orientation of the rods, which comprise at least one gripping and driving assembly of said rods, and - at least one grinding unit comprising at least one pair of corrugated superposed grinding rollers.
• the upper and lower rollers of each pair of grinding rollers are rotated synchronously, the splines of the upper roll being meshing, without contact, between two grooves of the lower roller.
• the lower roll is movable in a substantially vertical tilting movement between a low position spaced from the roll upper of the corresponding pair, and a high meshing position with said upper roll: in this way, by controlling the lower roll rather than the upper roll, one can avoid gripping problems in case of jamming or when the control of the relative position of the rollers is inoperative and that it is desired to spread the rollers.
• said lower roller is made movable by an assembly formed of a pneumatic cylinder and a lever arm, the presence of a pneumatic cylinder making it possible to very easily release the gap between the lower and upper rollers. .
• said assembly is associated with an adjustable stop against which said assembly bears in said meshing position, whereby it ensures the absence of contact between the grooves of the upper roller and the grooves of the lower roller.
• the splines are shaped so that when a groove of the upper roll meshes between two splines of the lower roll, there is a substantially constant gap between said groove of the upper roll and said two grooves of the lower roller.
• the size of the grooves of the grinding rollers decreases from upstream to downstream along the scutching device.
• said scutching device comprises at least three successive grinding units and at least three gripping and driving assemblies, each grinding unit comprising at least three pairs of grinding rollers disposed upstream to downstream and each grinding unit being associated with one of said gripper and drive assemblies, and said successive gripping and driving assemblies have laterally offset drive directions between a gripper assembly and a drive and the next.
• each milling unit comprises rollers whose groove size is smaller than in the milling unit which precedes it, according to the drive and upstream direction. downstream.
• This arrangement can be achieved with, for each of said grinding units, rollers whose grooves are substantially the same size in a grinding unit considered, but a size smaller than that of the grooves of the rollers of the preceding grinding unit.
• This arrangement can also be obtained with grinding units which comprise rollers having, for the same grinding unit, different spline sizes, possibly with the same size between the last roll of the upstream grinding unit and the first roll of the grinding unit. downstream milling unit that succeeds him.
• said gripping and driving assembly comprises a pair of endless moving belts, flat and toothed, coming into contact with one another to clamp a section of the rod to train during the movement of the belts.
• the linear running speed of the toothed belts is adjusted according to the linear speed of rotation of the pitch diameter of the splines of the grinding rollers.
• the smallest grooves have, in section, a shape of M: this shape facilitates during crushing the folding (shearing) of the entire thickness of the rods to facilitate the breakage of cohesion between the shives and fibers.
• the scutching device further comprises, downstream of the grinding unit and in an area situated above said gripping and driving assembly, a fiber cleaning unit comprising means for projecting fluid and / or particles downwards towards the rods, whereby the waste separated from the rods by the grinding unit is extracted from the rods which are retained in the said gripping assembly and training.
• This solution also has the additional advantage of being simple to implement, and particularly compact.
• the fluid may be a liquid or a gas and the particles will be in particular abrasive particles such as sand or fine shot.
• said projection means comprise at least one nozzle for blowing air under high pressure, the air being sent at a pressure preferably of between 1 and 10 bar, ie between 100,000 and 1,000,000 Pa, and advantageously between 4 and 7 bars, or between
• said projection means comprise at least one projection nozzle of sand, shot, seeds and / or other particles.
• said projection means are located at least on either side of said gripping and driving assembly, and this in order to clean the rods over their entire length, except the zone of the rod situated in said assembly gripping and training.
• FIG. 1 is a partial view in projection from one side of a linen scutch device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the flax scavenger device of Figure 1, comprising five scaler units offset transversely one after the other along two parallel lines;
• FIG. 3 a side view of a portion of the scutching device of Figure 1, in the form of one of the scutching units;
• FIG. 4 shows from above the portion of the scutching device visible in Figure 3;
• FIG. 5 is a partial view, in simplified perspective, of the portion of the scutching device visible in Figures 3 and 4, showing the treatment of flax stems;
• FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C each show, in projection from the side, a pair of grinding rollers provided with splines, each pair of grinding rollers having splines of different size;
• FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C show in an enlarged manner meshing without contact between the two rolls of the pairs respectively illustrated in FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C;
• FIG. 8 shows, in projection from the downstream end, a scutching unit and in particular the fiber cleaning unit, and
• FIG. 9 is an enlarged partial view of the fiber cleaning unit of FIG. 8.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a linen scutch 10 according to the present invention.
• the linen scutching device 10 comprises, in the longitudinal direction X, five linseed scutching units 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15.
• Each of the scraping units 11 to 15 has a generally identical structure formed of four main parts comprising from upstream to downstream respectively:
• the outlet zone 50 of the scutching unit 11 is situated, in the longitudinal direction X, of the entry zone 20 of the scutching unit 12 which is located downstream of the previous scutching unit 11.
• each scraping unit 11 to 15 is traversed by a drive system 60 with an endless double belt 61 and 62.
• the two endless belts 61 and 62 are notched flat belts forming a closed loop around two pulleys 63 (65) and 64 (66).
• the two loops delimited by the belts 61 and 62 are arranged one above the other so as to wedge between them a web 100 of linen stems (see FIG.
• the inlet zone 20 of each scutching unit 11 to 15 has the double-belt drive system 61 and 62 shown above, so that this entry zone 20 only ensures the advancement of the ply 100 of the stems. linen.
• the grinding unit 30 of each scooping unit 11 to 15 is equipped with five pairs 31 to 35 of superposed fluted grinding rolls.
• the first pair of grinding rolls 31 it comprises an upper grinding roll 31a and a lower grinding roll 31b whose axes are respectively disposed above and below the zone 60a of toothed belts 61 and 62, each of these rollers 31a and 31b being itself (see Figure 4) formed of a section 31bl located on one side of the gripping zone 60a and a section 31b2 located on the other side of the gripping zone 60a.
• the processing of the linen web 100 is carried out simultaneously to the right and left of the drive system 60 in order to carry out the grinding, at each pair of grinding rollers 31 to 35 along the entire length of the stems of linen, with the exception of the section of the flax stems which is held between the belts 61 and 62.
• the sheet 100 of the flax stems passes successively in several (in this case five) pairs of grinding rollers 31 to 35 which perform the crushing and folding woody parts of the flax stalk (or shives) in order to separate them from the fibers that one wishes to isolate and keep in the least altered way possible.
• the sheet 100 of linen stem initially forming a fairly coherent set of rods parallel to each other successively becomes more flexible so that the stems of linen, as and progress in each pair of grinding rollers 31, 32, 33 ..., relax and hang on both sides of the gripping area 60a. Therefore, the central section of each rod is held between the belts 61 and 62 while the ends of the rods are located further back and are still locked between the grinding rollers.
• the treatment of the central portion of the rods being effected, on either side of the belts 61 and 62, at the rate of advance of the belts 61 and 62, while the ends of the rods being free, they follow this treatment slightly backwards. (upstream in the longitudinal direction X) of the central part of the rod.
• Fig. 5 there are shown only three pairs 31 to 33 of grinding rolls for grinding unit 30 while Figs 1 to 4 illustrate scraping units 11 to 15 which each have five pairs 31 to 35 grinding rolls. .
• each scutching unit may comprise a number of pairs of grinding rolls that are identical or different from each other, the number of pairs of grinding rolls of each scutching unit may vary from three to five (or more) pairs of grinding rollers.
• pairs of grinding rollers used for scutching flax are rolls with teeth or gear splines coming into contact with one another, one of the two rollers of the lower and upper rollers being leading, the other being led.
• pairs 31-35 grinding rollers which mesh without contact as can be seen in Figures 6A to 6C and 7A to 7C.
• FIG. 6A there is shown a pair 36 of coarse-grained grinding rollers 36a whose profile is in the form of a broken bow or a clipped head warhead. According to the particular feature of this essential arrangement, as shown in FIGS.
• FIGS. 6B and 7B show a pair 37 of medium-sized fluting rollers 37a which have another shape: the flutes 37a are sectional in the form of a crenel whose sides are slightly convex and slightly inclined in the direction from the head of the groove.
• a third type of grinding roll is shown: the pair 38 is composed of two small groove milling rolls 38a whose section has an M-shaped outline. Between two small grooves 38a the grinding roll 38 has a W-shaped contour corresponding to a longitudinal groove (see Fig. 7C).
• the grinding rollers have, between their grooves 36a, 37a or 38a, a recess (a groove) of complementary shape to that of the grooves.
• a single motor 39 realizes the setting in motion five pairs of grinding rollers 31-35 by means of a single transmission belt 39a.
• this transmission belt 39a constitutes even the drive means of the two belts 61 and 62 of the drive system 60 for transporting the web 100 of the flax stems.
• the lower roll which is moved upwards by means of a pneumatic jack which actuates an arm lever which makes it possible to adjust the pressurization of the jack and therefore the stress exerted on the lower roll when it is placed in the meshing position with the upper roll.
• a pneumatic jack which actuates an arm lever which makes it possible to adjust the pressurization of the jack and therefore the stress exerted on the lower roll when it is placed in the meshing position with the upper roll.
• an adjustable stop device associated with the assembly consisting of the pneumatic cylinder and the aforementioned lever arm is provided, for each pair of grinding rollers.
• the actuation by pneumatic jack of the high position of the lower grinding roller of each pair of grinding rollers makes it possible to exert an adjustable and constant pressure on the linen ply 100, which makes it possible to compensate the extra thicknesses. during the advance of this sheet 100 of flax stems and this to avoid "stuffing" at a pair of grinding rollers.
• the linear scrolling speed of the drive belts 61 and 62 is adjusted according to the speed linear rotation of the pitch diameter of the grooves of the grinding rollers to prevent fiber tearing or displacement of the rods in the drive belts 61 and 62.
• drive belts 61 and 62 being flat belts, they hold the stems of flax fibers flat, which minimizes the breaks of the fibers, and this in order to preserve the integrity of the fibers as much as possible their length.
• This essential arrangement for producing the grinding rollers with non-contact meshing is advantageously combined with a gradual reduction in the size of the grooves of the grinding rollers as the flax stems progress in the scutching device. linen 10.
• FIGS. 6A to 6C and 7A to 7C Three sizes of splines, such as those illustrated in FIGS. 6A to 6C and 7A to 7C or more of different sizes with intermediate sizes, either with identical shape or with different shapes, may be used.
• the larger flutes will preferentially have the shape of the flutes 36a of FIGS. 6A and 7A
• the medium flutes will preferably have the shape of the flutes 37a of FIGS. 6B and 7B
• the flutes of FIGS. grooves of the smallest size will preferentially have the shape of the grooves 38a of the figures
• Grinding rollers having different fluting sizes from one scutching unit to another may also be used or using for the last pair of grinding rolls of an upstream scutch unit a flute shape identical to that of the first pair of grinding rollers of the scutching unit placed directly downstream.
• each flaxseed unit 11 to 15 has a fiber cleaning unit 40 disposed downstream of the grinding unit 30.
• This fiber cleaning unit 40 is intended to separate the shives from the fibers in the case of shives which have not already fallen by themselves during the shredding treatment which has previously been carried out in the grinding unit 30 of the shredder. the same scutching unit 11 to 15.
• each grinding unit comprises (see FIGS. 8 and 9) according to a preferred embodiment two nozzles 42 for blowing air under pressure arranged vertically above and on either side of the gripping zone 60a. of the drive system 60, downstream of the grinding unit 30.
• the jet of high pressure air is sent under a pressure of between 1 and 10 bar (100,000 to 1,000,000 Pa) and preferably between 4 and 7 bars (between 400,000 and 700,000 Pa).
• this high-pressure air flow can contain high-speed percussionants such as sand, grit, seeds, pebbles, etc.
• an air flow guide box 44 comprising (see FIGS. 8 and 9) is used, lateral panels inclined convergently downwards toward a funnel. collection 46 at which we can provide a separate suction to increase the Venturi effect.
• cleaning is performed on each scutching unit, after grinding, grinding is facilitated on the next scutching unit.
• cleaning is advantageously achieved by means of downward projection of a fluid and / or particles, which perform the extraction of waste liners, and in particular cleaning the rods by air blasting under pressure (and / or percussive) between each grinding step.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
• Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
• Magnetic Heads (AREA)
• Surgical Instruments (AREA)
• Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
• Window Of Vehicle (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-09-14 FR FR0409715A patent/FR2875244B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-09-13 AT AT05799855T patent/ATE447054T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-09-13 DE DE602005017408T patent/DE602005017408D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-09-13 WO PCT/FR2005/050736 patent/WO2006030158A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2005-09-13 EP EP05799855A patent/EP1789612B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

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