EP1815570B1 - Funkfrequenz-plasmazündkerze - Google Patents

Funkfrequenz-plasmazündkerze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1815570B1
EP1815570B1 EP05815563A EP05815563A EP1815570B1 EP 1815570 B1 EP1815570 B1 EP 1815570B1 EP 05815563 A EP05815563 A EP 05815563A EP 05815563 A EP05815563 A EP 05815563A EP 1815570 B1 EP1815570 B1 EP 1815570B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
shell
electrode
annular
insulating component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP05815563A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1815570A1 (de
Inventor
Xavier Jaffrezic
André AGNERAY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Priority to PL05815563T priority Critical patent/PL1815570T3/pl
Publication of EP1815570A1 publication Critical patent/EP1815570A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1815570B1 publication Critical patent/EP1815570B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/50—Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/52—Sparking plugs characterised by a discharge along a surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, in general, radiofrequency plasma candles.
  • Such a candle is known from DE-C-19723784 .
  • the ignition of gasoline internal combustion engines consisting of initiating the combustion of an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber of said engine, is relatively well controlled in current engines.
  • Ignition of a fuel-poor mixture is, however, difficult to control. For this, and in order to increase the probability of successful ignition, it is necessary to have more fuel-rich mixtures around the candle at the moment the spark occurs.
  • Such candles are described in particular in patent applications FR97-14799 , FR99-09473 and FR00-13821 . Such candles generate sparks of large sizes from reduced potential differences.
  • the surface spark plugs have a dielectric (insulating part) separating the electrodes (one electrode being the annular base and the other electrode being the central electrode) in the zone where the distance separating them is the lowest; the sparks formed between the electrodes are thus guided on the surface of the dielectric.
  • These candles amplify the inter-electrode field on the surface of the dielectric.
  • the elementary capacities are progressively formed by the dielectric and an underlying electrode. Candles generate a spark propagating along the surface of the insulation in areas where the electric field in the air / gas mixture is strongest.
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide a spark plug which when assembled in a combustion chamber increases the probability of ignition of the mixture surrounding the candle.
  • the spark plug of the invention which is also in accordance with the generic definition given in the preamble defined above, is essentially characterized in that the insulating piece has an annular shoulder concealing the entire circular end surface of the base relative to the uncoated portion of the electrode.
  • the spark plug according to the invention when the spark plug according to the invention is assembled in a vehicle combustion chamber, with the part of the central electrode not covered by the insulator, arranged inside the chamber, and with the base assembled in the thickness of the chamber wall, no electric arc can occur between the base and the central electrode. Indeed the access to the base from the uncovered portion of the central electrode is prevented by the presence of the insulator.
  • the spark plug according to the invention when subjected to a radio frequency excitation, ie an alternating voltage between the base and the central electrode (for example said alternating voltage being greater than 5kV and having a frequency higher than 1 MHz) forms a branched plasma near the central electrode and not an electric arc. It is understood that this given voltage and frequency is suitable for creating a plasma in a gaseous mixture having a molar density greater than 5 * 10 -2 mol / L.
  • plasma or branched plasma refers to the simultaneous generation of at least several lines or ionization paths in a given gas volume, their branches being moreover omnidirectional.
  • volume plasma involves heating up the entire volume in which it is to be generated
  • the branched plasma only requires the heating in the path of the sparks formed.
  • the energy required for a branched plasma is significantly less than that required by a volume plasma.
  • the branched plasma generated by the candle according to the invention is generated at a distance from the insulating part, towards the walls of the chamber which are opposite the central electrode, which makes it possible to reduce the probability of generation of an arc with the base and allows correlatively reduce the wear of the electrodes.
  • the plasma has the advantage of having a large number of ionization paths or sparks in a large volume of gas located around the central electrode which increases the probability of ignition of the mixture containing oxidant.
  • the formation of a spark is initiated by the tearing out of the middle (gas mixture) of a few electrons subjected to a large electric field.
  • electrons of an electrode are accelerated by the electrostatic forces generated between the electrodes and collide with the gaseous mixture containing air.
  • the portion of the electrode that experiences the largest electrostatic field (usually an angle of one electrode or tip near the other electrode) is the starting point of the first avalanche.
  • the molecules of the air are heated and release an electron and a photon ionizing in their turn other molecules of air.
  • a chain reaction ionizes the air when applying a large voltage between electrodes separated by an insulator.
  • the ionized air around the central electrode has a potential close to this central electrode and behaves as an extension of it.
  • the electric field is amplified upstream of the front and promotes the creation of new avalanches.
  • the phenomenon tends to self-maintain to create around the central electrode a conductive ionized gaseous mass in the direction of the walls of the chamber.
  • the candle of the invention is put under AC voltage which makes it possible to vary the potential existing between the central electrode and the base / chamber, this potential being reversible.
  • the electrons are more and more accelerated in opposite directions.
  • a polarization wave thus propagates oscillatoryly at the frequency of the excitation, recovering at each period the expenses deposited in the previous period.
  • Each alternation then produces a propagation of the wave greater than the preceding one; it is thus possible with the candle of the invention thus fed to obtain relatively large spark amplitudes with voltages between electrode and relatively large cap.
  • the radiofrequency excitation of such a candle makes it possible moreover by avoiding the arcs to suppress the breakdown voltage variations between successive cycles.
  • the extreme circular surface of the base to bear against a complementary bearing surface of the shoulder of the insulating part.
  • This feature makes it possible to eliminate the space between the insulating part and the base, so the heat associated with the presence of a flame triggered by the plasma can be dissipated to the base which prevents overheating of the ceramic.
  • the insulating part has a minimum thickness located inside said base, and the shoulder of the insulating part has a shoulder thickness greater than or equal to half of said minimum thickness.
  • This feature prevents the junction between the uncovered portion of the central electrode and therefore the air / ceramic / central electrode junction is too close to the base. If this part not covered with the electrode or more precisely this junction was too close to the base it could constitute a surface spark emission zone.
  • the base, the electrically insulating part, and the electrode central are parts of revolution having as axis of common symmetry the main axis D.
  • the relative positioning accuracy of the constituents of the candle with respect to a common axis of symmetry makes it possible to center the branched plasma around this axis D and the central electrode, which facilitates the location of the zone of the combustion chamber in which sparks occur.
  • the annular base is in the form of a cylindrical tube comprising at the first end of the base an internal chamfer coming into contact with the extreme circular surface, this internal chamfer being in contact with a complementary chamfer formed on a portion of the insulating part.
  • This embodiment also makes it possible to increase the contact surface between the insulating part and the base, which facilitates the transfer of heat from the insulating part to the base and makes it possible to avoid overheating of this insulating part.
  • the internal chamfer has a cross section, in a plane parallel to the main axis D, of rounded shape.
  • the annular shoulder comprises an end remote from the annular base at the outer periphery of which is formed a rounded peripheral chamfer, coaxial with respect to the main axis D.
  • This peripheral chamfer reduces or eliminates the presence of sharp angle, at the outer periphery of the annular piece, at the end of the annular shoulder.
  • the candle 1 of the figure 1 is a candle developed by the Applicant for use as a plasma generation candle. This candle is the subject of patent applications not yet published at the filing date of this application.
  • This candle comprises a central cylindrical electrode 7 having an axis of symmetry D, a portion of which, said internal portion, is disposed inside and at a distance an annular base 3 which in the form of a cylindrical tube of axis D.
  • An insulating piece of annular shape is also arranged partly inside the annular base, around the central electrode, so as to separate the base of the central electrode 7.
  • the insulating part, the central electrode and the base 3 are parts of revolution oriented along the axis D.
  • the central electrode 7 has an uncoated portion 16 that is not surrounded by the electrically insulating piece 10 and not surrounded by the base 3, this uncovered portion 16 being disposed inside the combustion chamber 2 of the engine.
  • the base 3 has an outer circular surface in the form of a flat disk perforated at its center and having the axis of symmetry axis D and being arranged perpendicular to this axis D.
  • the base 3 has a connection with the wall of the chamber 2 which is usually a thread of the base in a hole made through the wall.
  • the base of the candle thus assembled with the wall of the chamber 2 is at iso electric potential with this wall, that is to say at an electric potential of mass.
  • the central electrode When the central electrode is supplied with alternating voltage centered around the ground potential, this voltage being of a frequency of between 1 and 10 MHz, the electrons located near the tip 17 of the central electrode move either from the electrode to the walls of the chamber through the gaseous mixture surrounding the chamber, or the gas mixture to the electrode. In both cases, the electrical alternation is such that an electron does not have time to go from the central electrode to the wall of the chamber.
  • the air can thus be ionized without there being a real electric discharge between the two electrical terminals constituted by the central electrode 7 and the wall of the chamber 2. This ionization creates a plasma located around the tip 17 of the central electrode which concentrates the electric charges in movement around a small volume of exchange.
  • candles of the types presented to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C have been developed.
  • the candles of these figures have all the characteristics described for the candle with reference to the figure 1 , but also have a shoulder 11 formed on the insulating part 10 and obscuring the outer circular surface 6 of the base 3. This shoulder 11 increases the distance, through the gaseous mixture, between the electrode and the base, thus allowing avoid the creation of arcs between the central electrode 17 and the base 3.
  • the electrodes of FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C once arranged with the tip to inside the chamber 2 and supplied with alternating current by an alternating high voltage generator, create a plasma at their points 17.
  • the minimum thickness "e” of the insulating part is located inside the base 3 and its maximum thickness "E" is at the shoulder 11.
  • the shoulder of the insulating part 10 of the Figure 2A is a shoulder having in longitudinal section right angles which can create concentrations of loads and mechanical stresses.
  • the candles of Figures 2B and 2C have at the first end 4 of base 3, an inner bevel 13.
  • the insulating part 10 has a complementary chamfer 14 coming into contact with the internal chamfer 13. This large contact surface makes it possible to evacuate the heat from the insulating part towards the base, which prolongs the average life of the spark plug.
  • the candle according to the invention of the Figure 2C has a rounded peripheral chamfer 15 formed on the annular shoulder 11 at the location of the shoulder which is the furthest axially away from the base 3.
  • This shoulder makes it possible to avoid a right angle at the shoulder, on the path passing through the gaseous mixture, between the tip 17 and the annular base 3. This rounding reduces the risk of creating an arc.
  • the first and second conductive materials which are the respective materials of the central electrode and the base 3 are, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, identical to each other. These materials are metallic materials such as copper alloys.
  • the end of the central electrode 7 may consist of a copper core surrounded by a nickel sheath.
  • the insulation material is preferably a ceramic having a breakdown voltage greater than 20 Kv / mm.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Zündkerze, die als Funkfrequenz-Plasmazündkerze (1) bezeichnet wird, die in einer Brennkammer (2) eines Verbrennungsmotors vorgesehen werden soll, umfassend:
    - einen ringförmigen Körper (3) mit einer Hauptachse D, der aus einem ersten leitenden Material ausgebildet ist und ein erstes und ein zweites Ende (4, 5) und eine kreisförmige Endfläche (6) mit einer Hauptsymmetrieachse D, die sich an dem ersten Ende (4) des Körpers (3) befindet, aufweist;
    - eine Mittelelektrode (7), die aus einem zweiten leitenden Material ausgebildet ist, sich entlang der Hauptachse D erstreckt und einen Innenteil (8), der im Inneren des ringförmigen Körpers (3) angeordnet ist, und einen Außenteil (9), der auf der Außenseite des ringförmigen Körpers (3) mit einer größeren Nähe zu dem ersten Ende (4) des Körpers als zu dem zweiten (5) angeordnet ist, umfasst;
    - ein elektrisch isolierendes Teil (10) mit einer Ringform, das sich mindestens um den Innenteil (8) der Mittelelektrode (7) derart erstreckt, dass es zwischen dem Körper (3) und der Elektrode (7) angeordnet ist, wobei dieses isolierende Teil (10) nur einen Teil des Außenteils (9) der Mittelelektrode (7) bedeckt, so dass der nicht bedeckte Teil (16) des Außenteils mit einem die Zündkerze umgebenden Gasgemisch in Kontakt steht;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das isolierende Teil (10) eine ringförmige Schulter (11) aufweist, die die ganze kreisförmige Endfläche (6) des Körpers bezüglich des nicht bedeckten Teils (16) der Elektrode (7) verdeckt.
  2. Zündkerze (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die kreisförmige Endfläche (6) des Körpers an einer komplementären Stützfläche (12) der Schulter (11) des isolierenden Teils (10) anliegt.
  3. Zündkerze (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das isolierende Teil (10) eine Mindestdicke (e) aufweist, die sich im Inneren des Körpers (3) befindet, und die Schulter (11) des isolierenden Teils (10) eine Schulterdicke (E) aufweist, die größer gleich der Hälfte der Mindestdicke (e) ist.
  4. Zündkerze (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die kreisförmige Endfläche (6) die Form einer in ihrer Mitte durchbohrten ebenen Scheibe aufweist.
  5. Zündkerze (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper (3), das elektrisch isolierende Teil (10) und die Mittelelektrode (7) rotationssymmetrische Teile mit der Hauptachse D als ihre gemeinsame Symmetrieachse sind.
  6. Zündkerze (1) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der ringförmige Körper (3) die Form eines zylindrischen Rohrs aufweist, das an dem ersten Ende (4) des Körpers eine innere Abschrägung (13) aufweist, die mit der kreisförmigen Endfläche (6) in Kontakt kommt, wobei diese innere Abschrägung (13) mit einer an einem Teil des isolierenden Teils (10) ausgebildeten komplementären Abschrägung (14) in Kontakt steht.
  7. Zündkerze (1) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die innere Abschrägung (13) einen Querschnitt abgerundeter Form entlang einer parallel zu der Hauptachse D verlaufenden Ebene aufweist.
  8. Zündkerze (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ringförmige Schulter (11) ein von dem ringförmigen Körper entferntes Ende aufweist, an dessen Außenumfang eine abgerundete Umfangsabschrägung (15) ausgeführt ist, die sich koaxial zur Hauptachse D erstreckt.
  9. Zündkerze (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der nicht bedeckte Teil (16) der Elektrode eine Spitze (17) aufweist.
  10. Zündkerze (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das isolierende Teil aus Keramik hergestellt ist.
EP05815563A 2004-11-16 2005-10-27 Funkfrequenz-plasmazündkerze Expired - Lifetime EP1815570B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL05815563T PL1815570T3 (pl) 2004-11-16 2005-10-27 Świece plazmowe działające z częstotliwością radioelektryczną

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0412153A FR2878086B1 (fr) 2004-11-16 2004-11-16 Bougie a plasma radiofrequence
PCT/FR2005/050909 WO2006054009A1 (fr) 2004-11-16 2005-10-27 Bougie a plasma radiofrequence

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1815570A1 EP1815570A1 (de) 2007-08-08
EP1815570B1 true EP1815570B1 (de) 2010-03-31

Family

ID=34951956

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05815563A Expired - Lifetime EP1815570B1 (de) 2004-11-16 2005-10-27 Funkfrequenz-plasmazündkerze

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US7741761B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1815570B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5062629B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101110436B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101057379B (de)
AT (1) ATE463062T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602005020345D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2343362T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2878086B1 (de)
PL (1) PL1815570T3 (de)
RU (1) RU2352041C1 (de)
WO (1) WO2006054009A1 (de)

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FR2932229B1 (fr) * 2008-06-05 2011-06-24 Renault Sas Pilotage de l'alimentation electrique d'une bougie d'allumage d'un moteur a combustion interne
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US8217560B2 (en) 2010-09-04 2012-07-10 Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh Corona ignition device and method for its manufacture
FR2965984B1 (fr) 2010-10-12 2012-10-12 Renault Sa Prevention contre un court-circuit de la bougie rf
WO2012082583A2 (en) * 2010-12-14 2012-06-21 Federal-Mogul Igntion Company Corona ignition device having asymmetric firing tip
US9041273B2 (en) 2010-12-14 2015-05-26 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Corona igniter having shaped insulator
CN103370530B (zh) 2010-12-15 2016-09-14 费德罗-莫格尔点火公司 包括具有改进的绝缘性能的点火线圈的电晕点火器
KR101895773B1 (ko) 2010-12-29 2018-09-07 페더럴-모굴 이그니션 컴퍼니 개선된 갭 제어를 가진 코로나 점화 장치
US8786392B2 (en) 2011-02-22 2014-07-22 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Corona igniter with improved energy efficiency
US8749126B2 (en) 2011-06-27 2014-06-10 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Corona igniter assembly including corona enhancing insulator geometry
US9028689B1 (en) 2011-10-04 2015-05-12 Global Water Holdings, Llc Electric arc for aqueous fluid treatment
US9531167B2 (en) 2014-06-02 2016-12-27 Nxp Usa, Inc. Device and method for connecting an RF generator to a coaxial conductor
US9518555B2 (en) * 2014-12-04 2016-12-13 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Radiation devices
DE102015120254B4 (de) * 2015-11-23 2019-11-28 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Koronazündeinrichtung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2343362T3 (es) 2010-07-29
US20090146542A1 (en) 2009-06-11
EP1815570A1 (de) 2007-08-08
ATE463062T1 (de) 2010-04-15
WO2006054009A1 (fr) 2006-05-26
JP5062629B2 (ja) 2012-10-31
PL1815570T3 (pl) 2010-08-31
FR2878086A1 (fr) 2006-05-19
US7741761B2 (en) 2010-06-22
RU2352041C1 (ru) 2009-04-10
FR2878086B1 (fr) 2007-03-09
CN101057379B (zh) 2012-04-25
JP2008521164A (ja) 2008-06-19
KR101110436B1 (ko) 2012-02-15
KR20070085431A (ko) 2007-08-27
CN101057379A (zh) 2007-10-17
RU2007122515A (ru) 2008-12-27
DE602005020345D1 (de) 2010-05-12

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