EP1842017B1 - Device for supporting articles to be fired that has a defined compensation of thermal expansions - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a device for supporting, stacking and transporting firing material, in particular when firing ceramic products according to the preamble of claim 1.

In order to produce ceramic products, they must be fired in an oven. For introduction and removal from the oven, the ceramic products are advantageously stored on a device that can be inserted into the oven and removed again. Related art kiln cars are known from the prior art, the refractory assemblies (Brennwagenaufbauten) comprise of support assemblies, in which from several supports and support beams, such as support beams, crossbeams, large plates or the like, corresponding brackets or support systems for the ceramic products or in general the kiln are formed.

According to a known embodiment, the supports are provided with window openings in which support beams can be accommodated. Usually, the supports are designed as square tubes, so that the window openings are provided in two opposite side walls of the square tubes. When introducing a usually also designed as a square tube supporting beam then there are two conditions of the supporting beam in the support, namely in each case in a side wall. This leads to the disadvantage that when inaccuracies or deformations of the supports or support beams no uniform load on the pads is achieved, but that the support beam may only rests in a side wall and even punctiform contact points arise in extreme cases. This leads to a one-sided loading of the support with the corresponding introduction of moments, which are particularly problematic in the commonly used material for the supports, stringers, etc., which must be suitable for the high firing temperatures of the ceramic material. Usually, namely for the Brennwagenaufbau ceramic materials, eg. Al ₂ O ₃ , RSiC, SiSiC, NSiC or mullite, which may be known to be susceptible to tensile and / or bending loads.

In particular, it is disadvantageous that, in the case of window openings and supporting beams which are not aligned horizontally, punctiform contact points occur in the side walls, with which the danger of chipping off of the ceramic material of the supports and supporting beams is connected. By elastic deflection of the support beams during their loading with ceramic firing the stress peaks at the support points of the support beams are strengthened on the side walls.

A further amplification of the voltage peaks can also arise from the fact that it inevitably comes to movements between the individual components of the support assemblies, ie between the support beam and the supports at the usual firing temperatures of about 1,000 ° C due to the thermal expansion of the materials. Due to the flat bearing of the support beams on two supports in the side walls, there is high friction between the support beam and support. Due to this high friction, the thermal expansion of the support beams can not be reduced defined, whereby the transmission of high shear forces is possible.

Finally, a device for transporting ceramic, located in the green state workpieces by a drying oven is known ( DE 101 43 996 C1 ), in which a meander-shaped angled perforated plate is used in training as a chassis as a car loaded with, for example, bricks loaded as kiln through the drying oven. On the webs of the perforated plate forming webs are rollers, which are connected at their ends with coil springs. The coil springs are hereby hooked on retaining bracket on the perforated plate. Due to the intermediate rollers can be carried out relative to the perforated plate during a shrinkage of the combustible relative movement of the combustible by the rollers roll on the webs of under elongation and torsion of the springs and against bias of the springs, so that a provision is ensured. As a result, cracks in the kiln can be avoided. Various methods have been proposed to overcome these disadvantages. For example, defined contact areas between the side walls and the support beams are to be ensured by inserting support plates into the window openings, which may also be cylindrical or spherically shaped. In addition, so should be avoided in a possible tilting of the support bars chipping in the side walls of the window openings. The DE 203 05 182 U 1 describes a support assembly with support beams which are mounted on support bodies introduced in columns. The differently shaped support bodies are mounted perpendicular to the window openings in the support. These support bodies are loose but accurately inserted or hinged in the support. As a result, however, the high friction of a linear support between the support beam and support body remains and the thermal expansion during heating and cooling between support beams and columns can not be reduced defined.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device for holding and supporting or stacking and transporting of firing material, in particular when firing ceramic products, which avoids the disadvantages of the above-mentioned prior art and defines the thermal expansions of the supporting beams and reliably degrades. This degradation should also take place when heavy ceramic products such. B. for the sanitary industry, are mounted on the device. At the same time, the device should be easy to manufacture.

The object is achieved with a device having the features of claim 1, wherein advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The device according to the invention for supporting, stacking and transporting firing material comprises an assembly of supports and support beams received on the supports, in particular supporting beams, crossbars, large plates or the like, in particular one or more supports for stopping the combustible material are. For the storage of at least one support carrier at least one movable bearing is provided which comprises a support body which is arranged to be movable in the direction of the support bracket substantially. The directional reference to the support beam always refers to the lateral longitudinal extent of this element. In this case, the support body is provided in each case between the support carrier and a receptacle of the support body.

The invention is based on the knowledge that the high static friction between z. B. supporting beams and support is responsible for ensuring that a balance of thermal expansion of the support beams can be completely blocked. According to the invention, the high static friction is now replaced by the significantly smaller rolling friction between support beams or crossbeam or the like. And support body on the one hand and support body and recording of the support body on the other hand and repealed. With the help of a floating bearing, which avoids static friction and sliding friction, the defined and reliable reduction of the thermal expansion of the support beam is ensured so that voltage peaks and the risk of chipping ceramic material of the Brennwagenaufbaus can be avoided.

In a preferred embodiment, the movable bearing is designed as a bearing of a support beam, which is received in window openings of two supports. In this case, the support body of the floating bearing of the support beam is inserted substantially in the window opening of a support and perpendicular to the window opening direction and the support beam in a guide of two parallel, substantially parallel to the support beam in the outside of the support extending slots. In this way, the floating bearing of the support beam can be easily integrated into the preferably designed as a square tube support and it can easily be accommodated several movable bearings in a support.

By the support body, the load of the support beam and any other support beam and the combustible material is transferred to the side walls of the support, which can build up tensions. Now if the window opening of the support for the implementation of the support beam advantageous below and / or above with round corners and / or arcuate, in particular semicircular executed, improves the compressive stress distribution in the support, because stress concentrations are avoided by notch effect in the corners of the window opening.

In another preferred embodiment, the floating bearing is designed as a bearing of a crossbeam or a large plate, which are accommodated on two support beams. In this case, the support body of the floating bearing of the crossbeam or the large plate on the top of a supporting beam is loose and the top is provided with at least one lateral lateral stop edge for the support body. So the storage of this support carrier is particularly well integrated into the Brennwagenaufbau. The bearing of this support carrier can be designed so that there is a substantially linear or sheet-like support, which ensures a high stiction. However, there are also other fixing measures, such as suitable structural fixings possible.

The top of the support beam, on which the movable bearing of the crossbeam or the large plate is formed, is designed transversely throughout flat. In addition, the upper side can also have one or more transversally extending depressions. Then or it can then run the support body of the movable bearing, with its position is fixed on the support beam. Furthermore, it can be reduced so that the support surface of the support body on the support beam and it works only the rolling friction.

According to a preferred embodiment, the floating bearing extends inclined to the horizontal, that is provided with a vertical increase. In this way, the support body is in front of the supporting support in a position relative to the vertical lower position and compensates for an expansion of the support support during heating by rolling in a vertically higher position. After removal of the support beam from the floating bearing or cooling-induced contraction of the support body rolls back independently in the lower position. This ensures that the floating bearing in the cooled state is always such Occupies the basic position, which allows a heat balance movement. Alternatively, the cross member for the non-locating bearing can also be prismatic, ie roof edge-like and provided with lateral stop edges and include a loose rollable support body. In this way, the floating bearing can compensate for thermal expansion on two sides.

In order to secure the support body against the risk of sliding out of the slot guide, the support body on two faces smaller pin or alternatively dumbbell-shaped reinforcements, ie z. B. discs having a larger diameter than the central part of the support body. But other types of lateral guides are possible. For example, the pegs or dumbbell-shaped reinforcements may engage in the transversally extending recesses of the top of the support beam.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen, auf einem Ofenwagen montierten Vorrichtung

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,

Fig. 3

eine Schnittansicht eines fest gelagerten Tragbalkens der vorliegenden Erfindung,

Fig. 4

eine Schnittansicht eines lose gelagerten Tragbalkens der vorliegenden Erfindung,

Fig. 5

eine Schnittansicht eines fest gelagerten Tragbalkens der vorliegenden Erfindung in einer Ebene senkrecht zu Fig. 3 mit einem darauf fest gelagerten Querbalken,

Fig. 6

eine Schnittansicht eines fest gelagerten Tragbalkens der vorliegenden Erfindung in einer Ebene senkrecht zu Fig. 3 mit einem darauf lose gelagerten Querbalken,

Fig. 7

eine Schnittansicht durch eine erste Ausführungsform eines Loslagers für Tragbalken der vorliegenden Erfindung, und

Fig. 8

eine Schnittansicht durch eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Loslagers für Tragbalken der vorliegenden Erfindung.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of an apparatus for supporting, stacking and transporting kiln material will be described with reference to the schematic drawing. Show in it

Fig. 1

a perspective view of the invention mounted on a kiln car device

Fig. 2

a side view of the device according to the invention,

Fig. 3

a sectional view of a fixed support beam of the present invention,

Fig. 4

a sectional view of a loosely mounted support beam of the present invention,

Fig. 5

a sectional view of a fixed support beam of the present invention in a plane perpendicular to Fig. 3 with a transom mounted thereon,

Fig. 6

a sectional view of a fixed support beam of the present invention in a plane perpendicular to Fig. 3 with a crossbar loosely mounted thereon,

Fig. 7

a sectional view through a first embodiment of a floating bearing for support beams of the present invention, and

Fig. 8

a sectional view through a second embodiment of a movable bearing for the supporting beam of the present invention.

Fig. 1 shows in a purely schematic representation of an embodiment of the device according to the invention for stacking and transporting kiln 1 which is mounted on a kiln car 2 of known type. The device 1 comprises four vertical columns 3, 3 ', 4, 4' arranged in a rectangle, of which two 3, 4 and 3 ', 4' each receive a row of supporting beams 5, 5 ', 6, 6' and to store. The individual support beams 5, 6 and 5 ', 6' of the support pairs 3, 4 and 3 ', 4' are arranged in a parallel horizontal plane. On the support beams pairs 5, 6 and 5 ', 6' thus oppositely disposed there are in turn a series of transverse beams 7 which run perpendicular to the support beams 5, 5 ', 6, 6' and the supports 3, 3 ', 4, 4' , On the device 1 kiln, in particular ceramic kiln can be supported and stacked and transported by the kiln car 2. Such kiln car 2 allow easy insertion and removal of the fuel in and out of the kiln, and these processes can be automated with such a kiln car. It is also also possible, for example, large plates on the support beams 5, 5 ', 6, 6' off, on which the kiln is supported, stacked and transported.

Fig. 2 shows the device 1 in a sectional view through the recordings of the support beams 6 in the supports 3, 4. These recordings are made differently and are described below with reference to the FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 described in more detail, the corresponding details U, W represent enlarged. In detail shows Fig. 3 a fixed bearing for a support beam 6 and Fig. 4 shows a floating bearing for a support beam 6. The fixed bearing is formed in a window opening 8 of the support 4 and comprises a support body 9, on which the supporting beam 6 rests with a recess 10. Die Traglager 6 ist in der Ausnehmung 10 angeordnet. The support beam 6 is tangent to the inner surface of the recess 10 on the support body 9, so that there is a linear support. The support body 9 is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the window opening 8 in the support 4 and each received in an opening 1 in the side walls of the support 4. Window opening 8 and support body 9 are dependent of the size of the support beam 6 so arranged and dimensioned to each other that the support beam 6 does not come into contact with the upper and lower edges of the window opening 8. The side edges of the recess 10 limit a displacement of the support beam 6 with respect to the support body 9 and thus set the support beam 6 on the Autlagekörper 9 in a fixed bearing; this is all the safer when the support beam 6 is loaded with the weight of the fuel. In this case, the support body 9 can be arranged rotatably or fixedly in the openings 11.

This in Fig. 4 shown movable bearing of the supporting beam 6 is arranged in a window opening 12 in the support 3 and comprises a support body 13, on which the support beam 6 rests. The support body 13 of the movable bearing is accommodated in the illustrated embodiment in two slots 14 which are parallel to each other in the side surfaces of the support 3 and inclined relative to the horizontal, ie with a vertical rise. The diameter of the support body 13 is selected with respect to the opening of the elongated hole 14 so that the support body 13 easily and independently of a in Fig. 4 not shown higher position in the lower position shown can roll. Support body 13 and window opening 12 are in turn arranged and dimensioned relative to each other as a function of the size of the support beam 6, that the support beam 6 does not come into contact with the upper and lower edges of the window opening 12.

The support beam 6 is, as in Fig. 2 shown, stored so that the slot guide 14 of the support body 13 is inclined horizontally downwards in the direction of the fixed bearing. At a temperature-induced length extension of the supporting beam 6, this can now extend starting from the fixed bearing in the direction of the movable bearing and beyond. In this case, the support beam 6 is guided over the linear bearing surface on the support body 13 in a rolling motion, wherein the support body 13 is rolled in the slot guide 14 from a lower vertical position to a vertically higher position. The extent of the horizontal inclination of the slot guide 14 is set so that the support beam 6 is raised only a few millimeters and so slipping of the combustible material is prevented. Pulls the support beam 6 together as a result of cooling or If the support beam 6 is lifted from the floating bearing of the support 3, then the support body 13 rolls in the slot guide 14 back into a lower position and the floating bearing can compensate for a renewed thermal expansion of the support beam 6.

The support beams, in particular the support beams 6 are preferably each mounted on a fixed and a floating bearing. The length of the floating bearing is to be selected as a function of the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic material, the length of the support beam and the temperature range of the kiln. If greater thermal expansions have to be compensated for or if a large bearing height (eg because of a small column width) requires a large vertical lift of the support beam, then the support beam can also be placed on two floating bearings. This would halve the necessary vertical lifts and, in addition, the support beam would always remain substantially horizontal.

Fig. 5 shows a fixed bearing of a crossbar 7 in conjunction with a fixed bearing of a supporting beam 6 in a sectional view through the fixed bearing of the supporting beam 6 according to Fig. 2 , The window opening 8 of the support 4 is formed with semicircular upper and lower edges, in order to achieve a better pressure distribution within the support 4. The support beam 6 rests on the support body 9, which is arranged in openings 11. The support beam 6 is executed with rounded corners and passes through the window opening 8 without touching the side walls of the window opening 8. Thus, material damage, in particular wear on support 4 and support beams 6 can be effectively prevented. Due to the large surface of the support of the crossbar 7 on the support beam 6 and the friction between the two beams 6, 7, the support forms a fixed bearing for the crossbar. 7 Of course, the crossbar 7 could also be structurally fixed on the support beam 6.

Fig. 6 shows a movable bearing of a crossbar 7, which is arranged on a fixedly mounted support beam 5. In this case, the support beam 5 has an upper side 16, which increases laterally in the middle roof edge-like and sloping towards the sides and so is formed prismatic. On both sides of the support bar 5 laterally continuous stop edges 17 are arranged, which limit the transversely with respect to the top 16 of the supporting beam 5 movement of a support body 18 side. The length of the support body 18 corresponds approximately to the width of the crossbar 7. The support body 18 can move freely on the prismatic top 16 between the stop edges 17. The crossbar 7 is thereby mounted in line-shaped support on the support body 18 and can compensate for a temperature-induced strain by roll-shaped movement over the support body 18. Again, like the one in Fig. 4 shown floating bearing of the support beam 6 a horizontal inclination in the guide 16 of the support body 18 adjusted so that support body 18 due to gravity returns to its initial position at a stop edge 17. So it is ensured that the floating bearing of the crossbar 7 at any time can compensate for a temperature-induced strain of the crossbar 7.

In order to avoid a deflection of particularly large support beams, a further support may be provided in the support arrangement between two supports, which is arranged in alignment therewith and comprises each loose and fixed bearing or only movable bearing or fixed bearing. In this way, chain structures with laterally successive support beams are possible, whereby z. B. the disadvantages, such as tilting, Auflagaueauigkeit etc. of support beams, which are mounted on three supports can be avoided. After the same procedure, of course, long crossbars can be replaced by laterally one behind the other crossbars, each resting on an outer support beam and a common, lying between two outer support beams middle support beams.

This in Fig. 6 shown prismatic floating bearing for crossbar 7 is adapted by the both sides horizontally inclined guide of the support body 18 especially for heat balance movements of two arranged in series beams 7 in two directions. So this floating bearing can be advantageously arranged between two fixed bearings and both for crossbar 7 of the one and the other Festlagers form a thermal expansion compensating pad. Of course, it is also possible to form the movable bearing with a support body 18 which is mounted on a roll arranged between two stop edges 17 continuously inclined plane, so that the floating bearing can be used for a one-sided thermal expansion compensation.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show two embodiments of the floating bearing for support beams 5, 5 ', 6, 6' with different design of the leadership of two support body 19, 20 in the slot guide 14. In detail, the support 3 with the window opening 12 for receiving the support beams 5, 5 ', 6, 6 '(not shown) and the slot guide 14 shown, wherein the support body 19 in Fig. 7 has a cylindrical shape, on whose end faces two dumbbell-shaped reinforcements 21 are arranged. The dumbbell-shaped reinforcements 21 of the support body 19 in this case have a diameter which is slightly smaller than the cross section of the slot guide 14, so that the support body 19 can be inserted into the slot guide 14. As in Fig. 7 illustrated, the support body 19 rests on the lower edge of the slot guide 14 and the dumbbell-shaped reinforcement 21 engages the slot guide 14 externally, without touching the dumbbell-shaped reinforcement 21 and the slot guide 14. As a result, friction losses are minimized and yet the support body 19 is secured against sliding out of the slot guide 14. The dumbbell ends can also be extended and receive the recessed support beam on the outside. This eliminates the recess in the support. An equally friction-minimized and secured guidance of the support body 20 in the slot guide 14 shows Fig. 8 , Here, the cylindrical support body 20 is laterally provided with two pins 22 with a smaller diameter, whereby the support body 20 engages behind the slot guide 14 inwardly. The diameter of the cylindrical part of the support body 20 is hereby slightly smaller than the cross section of the slot guide 14, so that the support body 20 can be inserted into the slot guide 14.

The supports 3, 3 ', 4, 4' and the support beams 5, 5 ', 6, 6' are as hollow square tubes, the Autlegeköper 9, 13, 19, 20 are as hollow round tubes or solid rods, the crossbars 7 are solid as square bars or hollow profiles and the support body 18 is designed as a solid round bar. However, it is also possible in particular to increase the stability, the supports 3, 3 ', 4, 4', the support beams 5, 5 ', 6, 6' and the support body 9, 13, 19, 20 massively perform or in particular for weight reduction of the device 1 to form the crossbar 7 and the support body 18 hollow. Although the support body 9, 13, 19, 20 described here are designed substantially cylindrical, of course, any other embodiment, for. B. spherical, which allows a rolling movement of the support beams 5, 5 ', 6, 6', 7, can be used.

Support body 9, 13, 19, 20 and supports 3, 3 ', 4, 4' and support beams 5, 5 ', 6, 6', 7 can be made of any ceramic material having sufficient refractoriness and mechanical strength, such. As Al ₂ O ₃ , RSiC, SiSiC, NSiC or mullite, but also be made of suitable material combinations. However, the support bodies 9, 13, 19, 20 advantageously consist of a ceramic material which is inert in relation to support beams 5, 5 ', 6, 6' and supports 3, 3 ', 4', 4 'and transverse beams 7, so that gluing of Support 3, 3 ', 4, 4' and support beams 5, 5 ', 6, 6', 7 with the support body 9, 13, 19, 20, as it is z. B. in direct contact of the same ceramic materials by surface oxidation, glaze condensation or sintering is possible effectively prevented.

Claims (7)

1. A device (1) for supporting, stacking, and transporting kiln run, in particular, for firing ceramic products, with an assembly of supports (3, 3', 4, 4'), and support beams received at the supports, in particular, carrier beams (5, 6), cross beams (7), large plates or similar, on which, in particular, one or several supports for placing the kiln run are provided, wherein
   for supporting at least one support beam (5, 6, 7), at least one loose bearing is provided, comprising a support body (13, 18, 19, 20), moveably disposed, substantially in the direction of the support beam (5, 6, 7) whereas the support body (13, 18, 19, 20) is provided between support beam (5, 6, 7) and a receiver of the support body (13, 18, 19, 20).
2. A device according to claim 1, wherein
   at least one carrier beam (6) is received by two supports (3, 4) in window openings (8, 12), and the support body (13) of the at least one loose bearing of the carrier beam (6) is inserted substantially in the window opening (12) of the one support (3), and perpendicular to the direction of the window opening, and to the carrier beam (6), in a guide of two parallel slotted holes (14), extending substantially in parallel to the carrier beam (6) in the outside of the support (3).
3. A device according to claim 2, wherein
   the window openings (8, 12) of the supports (3, 4) for passing through the carrier beams (6, 6') are provided on the bottom and/or on the top with round corners, or shaped as an arc, in particular, semicircular.
4. A device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein
   on two carrier beams (5, 6), at least one cross beam (7), or a large plate are received, and the support body (18) of the at least one loose bearing of the cross beam (7), or of the large plate rest on the upper side (16) of the one carrier beam (5) in a loose manner, and the upper side (16) is provided with at least one lateral side stop edge (17) for the support body (18).
5. A device according to claim 4, wherein
   the upper side of the carrier beam has at least one continuous transversal indentation.
6. A device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein
   the loose bearing has at least one reversal surface for the support body (13, 18), which is inclined relative to the horizontal.
7. A device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein
   the support body (19, 20) has dumbbell shaped reinforcements (21) or smaller pinions (22) at two face sides.

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