EP1858643A1 - Verfahren zum herstellen eines katalytisch wirkenden minerals auf basis eines gerüstsilikates - Google Patents
Verfahren zum herstellen eines katalytisch wirkenden minerals auf basis eines gerüstsilikatesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1858643A1 EP1858643A1 EP06723201A EP06723201A EP1858643A1 EP 1858643 A1 EP1858643 A1 EP 1858643A1 EP 06723201 A EP06723201 A EP 06723201A EP 06723201 A EP06723201 A EP 06723201A EP 1858643 A1 EP1858643 A1 EP 1858643A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal salt
- silicate
- framework silicate
- treated
- dried
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- APTUIUORLSQNEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicopper tetranitrate Chemical compound [Cu++].[Cu++].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O APTUIUORLSQNEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;potassium;silicon;sodium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na].[Al].[Si].[K].[Ca] JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001603 clinoptilolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052677 heulandite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- UXKUODQYLDZXDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N fulminic acid Chemical compound [O-][N+]#C UXKUODQYLDZXDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052645 tectosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/064—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/072—Iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/30—Ion-exchange
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20738—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20761—Copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/50—Zeolites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/186—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for preparing a catalytically active mineral based on a framework silicate, after which the framework silicate is first treated with a metal salt solution and then dried.
- DE 43 04 821 A1 describes a process for modifying molecular sieves or zeolites by means of ion exchange.
- those of a metal from the first to the eighth subgroup of the periodic table in the form of a salt or oxide are used.
- the zeolite used is subjected to multiple ion exchange in aqueous suspension with a large excess of NH 4 NO 3 solution. Subsequently, a calcination at about 550 ° C (see Example 1).
- US 2003/0165415 A1 has disclosed a process for the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- a catalyst or catalyst base material of the aluminum silicate type which is treated with a transition metal in aqueous solution.
- DE 196 37 032 A1 deals with a method for removing nitrogen oxides from lean exhaust gases.
- a catalyst is prepared in which a zeolite is brought into contact with a metal salt which is in the solid state, and then the metal salt is reduced to the corresponding metal.
- the introduction of the metal into the zeolite takes place via a solid-state reaction in which the zeolite is intimately mixed with the metal salt or a metal salt mixture, for example in a ball mill. Details on the pretreatment of the zeolites remain open.
- the invention is based on the technical problem of further developing a process for preparing a catalytically active mineral based on a framework silicate of the embodiment described above in such a way that a catalyst base material which is as emission-free as possible is provided which has an increased service life and if possible simple, inexpensive and procedurally unproblematic manufacture.
- the invention provides a generic method for producing a catalytically active mineral based on a framework silicate for use as catalyst base material in the catalytic emission control in particular automobiles, after which the framework silicate is first treated with a metal salt solution and then dried, and then the dried framework silicate is treated in the hydrogen form with a metal salt in particular transition metal based in the course of a solid-state ion exchange.
- the transition metal-based metal salt is preferably copper-based and / or iron-based.
- the invention particularly preferably uses a natural mineral in the framework silicate and in particular natural zeolite-type minerals, preferably those of the heulandite group, very particularly preferably clinoptilolites.
- the preferred zeolites used are also referred to as so-called "molecular sieves”.
- In natural zeolites about 45 structures are known, depending on the mining towns, from which they are derived and depending on the zeolite type in question, different amounts of alkaline earths and alkalis, such as calcium, magnesium or potassium ions. Depending on the type, these cations change the entry pores to the described internal cavities of the silicon-aluminum crystal lattice of the relevant framework silicate. It has basically been found that natural minerals and in particular the natural zeolite is thermally more stable than, for example, synthetic zeolite.
- natural zeolites have a special texture with meso- and macropores that are not observed in synthetic zeolites.
- the aforementioned texture allows the adsorption of organic compounds whose radii are larger than the inlet channels of the micropores also present in synthetic zeolites.
- this texture is believed to be responsible for the increased thermal stability of natural versus synthetic zeolite.
- the catalytically active mineral prepared by the process according to the invention in particular based on a natural zeolite, is thermally stable up to temperatures of 500 ° C. or even more, and Conversion rates of NO x in nitrogen provides that are located even in this area well above 50 vol .-%. Ie. more than 50% by volume of NO x is converted into nitrogen.
- the natural zeolite used contains more than 50% by weight, preferably more than 70% by weight, in particular more than 80% by weight and particularly preferably more than 90% by weight.
- Clinoptilolite contains.
- Clinoptilolite is an aluminum silicate which reacts anionically and, due to its lattice structure and the high internal and external surface area and porosity, is responsible for ion exchange with cations and also as absorber for liquids and absorber / adsorber for gases and special catalytic effects features.
- the framework silicate used according to the invention is predominantly a natural mineral, in particular natural zeolite, it is of course possible to use chabazite, mordenite, etc., or mixtures thereof, in addition to clinoptilolite in principle.
- the framework silicate used contains at least 45% by weight of natural zeolite, in particular more than 75% by weight and particularly preferably more than 80% by weight.
- the remainder of the framework silicate used can be formed, for example, by artificial zeolites, which, however, always occupy a lower proportion by weight than the natural zeolites.
- by weight and preferably natural zeolite predominates, so that the advantages described above (different pore diameters and high thermal stability) are established in each case.
- the natural zeolite used is mainly the already mentioned heulandite and in particular clinoptilolite, which in each case represents the main constituent of the natural zeolite.
- an ammonium chloride / ammonium nitrate or the like solution in particular based on ammonium, is predominantly used.
- the predominantly used natural zeolite not only undergoes purification, but is also converted into the desired hydrogen form.
- ammonium ions replace NH 4 single cations in the framework silicate or the natural zeolite, for example calcium or sodium ions.
- the treatment with the metal salt solution or the ammonium chloride takes place predominantly at room temperature or at elevated temperatures up to about 60 ° C.
- the mixing ratio provides that usually more than 50 g, preferably more than 100 g and particularly preferably up to about 300 g of framework silicate or natural zeolite per liter of metal salt solution are used, wherein water is usually used as the solvent.
- the direct use of fuel as a reducing agent is conceivable, for example, in diesel engines in addition, the diesel fuel is injected directly into a thus equipped catalyst. This is usually not necessary in the case of Otto engine internal combustion engines, because in this case the exhaust gas itself contains a quantity of hydrocarbon sufficient for the NO x reduction.
- the described drying process of the framework silicate treated with the metal salt solution in the hydrogen form is followed by Treatment with a transition metal-based or copper-based metal salt and / or iron-based in the course of a solid-state ion exchange.
- This can be explicitly dispensed with an acid treatment with the negative consequences outlined above in contrast to the prior art. Rather, there is a further ion exchange of the cations in the cavities of the framework silicate (in addition to their already occurred partial exchange against ammonium or hydrogen ions), by predominantly copper atoms and / or iron atoms in the dry phase.
- Such a solid-state ion exchange is known in principle, for which reference is made to the article by M. Crocker et al.
- the copper atoms and / or iron atoms incorporated in the second ion exchange are, in the example case, capable of penetrating into the interior of the said cavities (because they are not surrounded by a large-volume hydrate shell) due to the solid-state reaction associated therewith.
- the dried framework silicate in the hydrogen form for example, dry mixed with copper nitrate and optionally ground and then subjected to a drying process. It is usually worked with a shock-like temperature increase, starting at about 100 ° C up to about 500 ° C (or even above). For example, the 100 ° C can be reached in about 10 minutes. Ie. the temperature gradient is about 10 ° C / min. or more in the described shock-like temperature increase.
- the copper atoms or, in general, transition metal ions of, for example, titanium, iron, cobalt, nickel or zinc are able to replace the cations present in the framework silicate, such as calcium, sodium or potassium ions, at least in part.
- the framework silicate thus treated can still be calcined, it being understood that the drying process and the calcination, ie the removal of any water of crystallization or of solvents, can also be combined. At the same time undergoes by this process carbon dioxide cleavage. In addition, the unchanged potassium ions ensure thermal stabilization.
- the mainly embedded copper cations or iron cations in the respective intermediate layer or largely in the interior of the cavities are capable of the particularly disturbing nitrogen oxides NO x at elevated temperature substantially in nitrogen (N 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ) split up.
- mainly copper or iron or in general a transition metal which is present in the treated ' framework silicate usually to more than 0.1 wt .-% and in particular in a concentration of more than 1, 0 wt .-% and particularly preferably in a range of 1, 5 to 2.5 wt .-%, in any case usually less than 5 wt .-%, not only the desired catalytic effect is achieved, but this is based on a non-toxic and at the temperatures reached volatile metal.
- the procedure described for example, by mixing copper nitrate (iron nitrate) dry with the framework silicate in hydrogen form, optionally grinding and heating, it is also possible to use a metal solution, for example copper nitrate solution or the like.
- concentration of the solution compared to the thus treated and previously dried scaffold silicate is adjusted so that the treated dried scaffold silicate after treatment has comparable moisture levels as in the natural state. That is, the upstream drying process after the reaction with the metal salt solution is performed in this case so that the natural moisture content of the framework silicate of, for example, 10 wt .-% to 20 wt .-% is well below and by the subsequent treatment with the copper solution ( Iron solution) is reached again in about. The subsequent calcining in both cases then causes any remaining solvents to be removed. That is, the copper solution is used in such a way that the dried framework silicate remains dry in the hydrogen form to a lying in the range of natural moisture content of water.
- the transition metal-based metal salt usually contains more than 50% by weight of copper and / or iron.
- the metal solution or copper solution or iron solution can be used as complementary mixture components. That is, it is conceivable to dry-mix the framework silicate with, for example, a mixture of copper nitrate and zinc sulfate and to heat it up abruptly as described.
- the copper nitrate solution described can be used in conjunction with a zinc chloride solution in the example as an alternative.
- the catalytically active mineral or natural zeolite produced in this way can be brought into any desired shape. It can by the simple Addition of water to the powder produced a self-binding effect can be achieved. That is, the thus prepared mineral can be extruded, for example, in any shape or even applied as a coating on a catalyst base material. A special binder is not required, so that any negative effects of this binder on the selectivity of the catalytic effect are not observed.
- the framework silicate is ground before the treatment, wherein it has proven useful if 90% of the particles thus produced has a particle size of less than 1 mm, especially one of less than 250 microns and preferably below 25 microns, and most preferably of less than 5 microns.
- the fineness exerts a not insignificant influence on the previously described conversion rate. This conversion rate indicates how much weight percent of NO x in the exhaust gas is converted to nitrogen.
- a catalytically active material can be made available as catalyst base material for catalytic exhaust gas purification in particular automobiles by a simple physical chemical process, which not only successfully converts NOx into nitrogen, but is also active in comparison with the prior art significantly widened temperature range, ranging from about 150 ° C up to about 700 ° C.
- PGM metals that is, those of the platinum group.
- the associated limitations are overcome, with a marked increase in resistance to water and a particular selectivity for the conversion of NO x into nitrogen.
- Another advantage of a catalyst prepared in this way is that the DeNO x reaction works with both ammonium and hydrocarbons. Due to the high selectivity, cyanates or similar toxic gases are not produced. In addition, there is no danger of ammonia slip, that is the Breakthrough of free NH 3 through the catalyst, which due to the toxicity of ammonia is absolutely to be avoided.
- the invention also relates to a catalyst which is used on the basis of the catalytically active mineral prepared by the process described as catalyst base material, in particular in motor vehicles and here for exhaust gas purification.
- the catalytically active mineral described can also be combined with a catalytically active layer silicate whose intermediate layer has supporting metal atom pillars and has metal atoms embedded in the intermediate layer, in particular so-called pillard clays.
- combinations of a two-part catalytically active shaped body comprises, in which one shaped body as a catalyst on the scaffold silicate or zeolite described, while the other shaped body designed as a so-called Pillard Clay according to WO 2004/030817 A2 is.
- a particularly advantageous catalytic effect in particular in the sense of a pronounced selectivity for the conversion into nitrogen, is achieved.
- the pillar clay body is active especially in the low temperature range, whereas the zeolite based catalyst mainly covers the higher temperature range.
- the catalyst base material produced by the process described that predominantly no synthetic materials are used, but mainly inexpensive natural minerals and in particular natural zeolite.
- the cleaning process with the metal salt solution takes place predominantly at room temperature or only slightly increased temperatures, and is therefore particularly energy-efficient.
- the described flexible ion exchange takes place as it were two stages as described, due to the solid-state ion exchange without harmful wastewater. Because costly metals are dispensed with for the catalytic effect and in contrast cheap transition metals are used, the preparation of the catalyst base material is particularly inexpensive. Nevertheless, there is a high selectivity in the catalytic effect. In addition, a broad temperature range is covered so that the described catalyst base material is suitable for both low and high temperature applications. Here are the main benefits.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005010221A DE102005010221A1 (de) | 2005-03-05 | 2005-03-05 | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines katalytisch wirkenden Minerals auf Basis eines Gerüstsilikates |
| PCT/EP2006/001957 WO2006094720A1 (de) | 2005-03-05 | 2006-03-03 | Verfahren zum herstellen eines katalytisch wirkenden minerals auf basis eines gerüstsilikates |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1858643A1 true EP1858643A1 (de) | 2007-11-28 |
Family
ID=36250903
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06723201A Withdrawn EP1858643A1 (de) | 2005-03-05 | 2006-03-03 | Verfahren zum herstellen eines katalytisch wirkenden minerals auf basis eines gerüstsilikates |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080193358A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1858643A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2008531267A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20070114804A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN101163548A (de) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0608072A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102005010221A1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2007136844A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006094720A1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200708529B (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007001466A1 (de) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-17 | S&B Industrial Minerals Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines antibakteriell bzw. antimikrobiell wirkenden keramischen Werkstoffes sowie dessen Verwendung |
| DE102007018170B4 (de) | 2007-04-18 | 2010-09-23 | S & B Industrial Minerals Gmbh | Verfahren zur Ausrüstung eines vorzugsweise porösen keramischen Trägermaterials mit einem Wirkstoff |
| MX377321B (es) | 2007-04-26 | 2025-03-07 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalizadores de reduccion catalitica selectiva de metal de transicion/zeolita. |
| GB201705289D0 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-05-17 | Johnson Matthey Catalysts (Germany) Gmbh | Selective catalytic reduction catalyst |
| GB201705279D0 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-05-17 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Selective catalytic reduction catalyst |
| GB201900484D0 (en) | 2019-01-14 | 2019-02-27 | Johnson Matthey Catalysts Germany Gmbh | Iron-loaded small pore aluminosilicate zeolites and method of making metal loaded small pore aluminosilicate zeolites |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1596425A (de) * | 1968-12-27 | 1970-06-15 | ||
| FR2243732B1 (de) * | 1973-09-13 | 1979-03-09 | Kaihatsu Kenkyusho Ind Res | |
| GB2039863B (en) * | 1979-01-12 | 1982-11-24 | Norton Co | Catalytic reduction of oxides of nitrogen by ammonia in presence of clinoptilolite |
| JPH0755285B2 (ja) * | 1988-11-29 | 1995-06-14 | 財団法人産業創造研究所 | 廃煙中の窒素酸化物除去法 |
| JPH07106300B2 (ja) * | 1989-12-08 | 1995-11-15 | 財団法人産業創造研究所 | 燃焼排ガス中の窒素酸化物除去法 |
| US5451385A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1995-09-19 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Control of exhaust emissions from methane-fueled internal combustion engines |
| DE4304821A1 (de) * | 1993-02-17 | 1994-08-18 | Degussa | Verfahren zum Modifizieren von Molekularsieben mittels Ionenaustausch |
| EP0630680B1 (de) * | 1993-06-25 | 1996-12-04 | Tosoh Corporation | Verfahren zur Entfernung von Stickstoffoxiden |
| DE19637032A1 (de) * | 1996-09-12 | 1998-03-19 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zum Entfernen von Stickstoffoxiden aus mageren Abgasen |
| US6514470B1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2003-02-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Catalysts for lean burn engine exhaust abatement |
| DE10245963A1 (de) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-22 | Iko Minerals Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von katalytisch wirkenden Schichtsilikaten |
| DE102004013164B4 (de) * | 2004-03-17 | 2006-10-12 | GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit | Katalysator zur Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit der NOx-Reduktion in Kraftfahrzeugen |
-
2005
- 2005-03-05 DE DE102005010221A patent/DE102005010221A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-03-03 RU RU2007136844/04A patent/RU2007136844A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-03 WO PCT/EP2006/001957 patent/WO2006094720A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2006-03-03 EP EP06723201A patent/EP1858643A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-03 KR KR1020077022711A patent/KR20070114804A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-03 US US11/885,692 patent/US20080193358A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-03 JP JP2007557435A patent/JP2008531267A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-03 ZA ZA200708529A patent/ZA200708529B/xx unknown
- 2006-03-03 CN CNA2006800137046A patent/CN101163548A/zh active Pending
- 2006-03-03 BR BRPI0608072-3A patent/BRPI0608072A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006094720A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA200708529B (en) | 2009-03-25 |
| WO2006094720A1 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
| RU2007136844A (ru) | 2009-04-10 |
| US20080193358A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
| BRPI0608072A2 (pt) | 2009-11-03 |
| CN101163548A (zh) | 2008-04-16 |
| JP2008531267A (ja) | 2008-08-14 |
| KR20070114804A (ko) | 2007-12-04 |
| WO2006094720B1 (de) | 2007-03-15 |
| DE102005010221A1 (de) | 2006-09-07 |
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