Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
  • C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
  • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
  • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
  • C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/046—Overbased sulfonic acid salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2225/02—Macromolecular compounds from phosphorus-containg monomers, obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2225/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of macromolecualr compounds not containing phosphorus in the monomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, and in particular to a lubricating oil composition having excellent frictional properties and abrasion resistance, and also in which oxidative stability and heat stability are required.
• a lubricating oil composition in particular an automatic transmission oil, is a lubricating oil composition used for automatic transmission devices including torque converters, wet type clutches, gear bearing mechanisms and oil pressure mechanisms, wherein in order for the smooth operation of such automatic transmission devices, various well balanced functions are required as regards for example power conduction media, gear and other lubrication, heat transfer medium, maintenance of constant frictional properties and the like.
• the present inventors reached the conclusion that the problem of oxidation at high temperature was caused as a result of poor combination compatibility present with friction regulator and oxidation inhibitor combinations, and therefore tried to prepare lubricating oil compositions demonstrating small fluctuation change bands in kinetic viscosity and viscosity index even at high temperature oxidation, and which can be used at all times under similar conditions.
• the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition
• a base oil made of synthetic oil and/or mineral oil admixed with an antioxidant and a polymethacrylate having a phosphate ester added to a terminal position
• the present invention provides the use of the lubricating oil composition as a transmission oil, in particular as an automatic transmission oil.
• the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is a lubricating oil composition with dramatically improved oxidation stability but with which the frictional properties are still maintained, and wherein the fluctuation ranges for the changes in kinetic viscosity and viscosity index are small even at high temperature oxidation.
• various well balanced functions are demonstrated as regards for example power conduction media, gear and other lubrication, heat transfer media, the maintenance of constant frictional properties and the like. Therefore the present lubricant oil composition can be used at any time under similar conditions over long periods of time.
• the present lubricant oil composition can be used widely and effectively as a transmission device oil such as a gear oil for automobiles, AT (automatic transmission) oil, MT oil, CVT (constant velocity joint) oil and the like, a lubricating oil for internal combustion engines such as diesel engines, gasoline engines, gas engines and the like, and a lubricating oil in industry such as an industrial gear oil, oil pressure hydraulic oil, compressor oil and the like.
• a transmission device oil such as a gear oil for automobiles, AT (automatic transmission) oil, MT oil, CVT (constant velocity joint) oil and the like
• a lubricating oil for internal combustion engines such as diesel engines, gasoline engines, gas engines and the like
• a lubricating oil in industry such as an industrial gear oil, oil pressure hydraulic oil, compressor oil and the like.
• Mineral oils and synthetic oils which are usually used in lubricating oils can be used as the base oil of this lubricating oil composition, and in particular, oils belonging to Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4 and the like in the API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil categories can be used, alone or as mixtures thereof.
• a suitable content of elemental sulphur in the base oil used here is less than 700 ppm, and preferably less than 500 ppm.
• a favourable density is 0.8-0.9.
• a favourable aromatic content is 5 % or less, and preferably 3 % or less.
• Group 1 base oils include paraffinic mineral oil obtained by applying an appropriate combination of purification means, such as solvent refining, hydrofining, wax removal and the like, to the lubricating oil fraction obtained by distilling crude oil at atmospheric pressure.
• a good viscosity index is 80-120, preferably 95-120.
• the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is preferably 2-680 mm 2 /s, more preferably 8-220 mm 2 /s.
• a preferred total sulfur content is less than 700 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm.
• a preferred total nitrogen content is less than 300 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm.
• good such oils to use have an aniline point of 80-150°C, preferably 90-120°C.
• Group 2 base oils include paraffinic mineral oil obtained by applying an appropriate combination of purification means, such as hydrogenolysis, wax removal and the like, to the lubricating oil fraction obtained by distilling crude oil at atmospheric pressure.
• the viscosity of these base oils is not limited in particular, but a good viscosity index is 80-120, preferably 100-120.
• the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is preferably 2-680 mm 2 /s and more preferably 8-220 mm 2 /s.
• a good total sulfur content is less than 300 ppm, preferably less than 200 ppm, more preferably less than 10 ppm.
• a good total nitrogen content is less than 10 ppm, preferably less than 1 ppm.
• good such oils to use have an aniline point of 80-150°C, preferably 100-135°C.
• Group 3 and Group 2+ base oils are concerned, for example paraffinic mineral oil obtained by high degree hydrogenolysis of the lubricating oil fraction obtained by distilling crude oil at atmospheric pressure, base oil refined by the ISODEWAX process wherein the wax produced in the dewaxing process is isomerised to isoparaffin and dewaxed, the base oil refined by the Mobil wax isomerization process are ideal. Oils which can be represented as 'synthetic oils' as decided by NAD (National Advertising Division) in charge of reviewing American advertising are included. The viscosity of these base oils is not limited in particular, but a good viscosity index is 95-160, preferably 100-160.
• the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is preferably 2-680 mm 2 /s and more preferably 8-220 mm 2 /s.
• a good total sulphur content is 0-100 ppm, preferably less than 10 ppm.
• a good total nitrogen content is less than 10 ppm, preferably less than 1 ppm.
• good oils to use have an aniline point of 80-150°C, and preferably 100-135°C.
• the viscosity properties of a GTL base oil are not limited in particular, but usually, the viscosity index is 130-180, more preferably 135-180.
• the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is preferably 2-680 mm 2 /s, more preferably 5-120 mm 2 /s.
• the total sulphur content is less than 10 ppm and the total nitrogen content is less than 1 ppm.
• SHELL XHVI Registered Trade Name
• synthetic oil for example, polyolefin, alkylbenzene, alkyl naphthalene, ester, polyoxyalkylene glycol, polyoxyalkylene glycol ester, polyoxyalkylene glycol ether, polyphenyl ether, dialkyl diphenyl ether, fluorine-containing compounds (perfluoropolyether, fluorinated polyolefin and the like), silicone oil and the like may be proposed.
• Polymers of various olefins or their hydrogenated materials are included in the aforesaid polyolefins.
• Any olefin may be used as the olefin, for example, ethylene, propylene, butene, ⁇ -olefin of carbon number 5 or more and the like may be proposed.
• a single species of the aforesaid olefins may be used, or a combination of two or more of the olefins may be used.
• the polyolefins known as poly ⁇ -olefins (PAO) are ideal, and these comprise Group 4 oils.
• the viscosity of these synthetic base oils is not limited in particular, but the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is preferably 2-680 mm 2 /s, more preferably 8-220 mm 2 /s.
• the content of the aforesaid base oil in the lubricating oil composition of this invention is not limited in particular, but is 60 wt % or more, preferably 80 wt % or more, more preferably 90 wt % or more, even more preferably 95 wt % or more, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
• the divalent hydrocarbon group of carbon number 1-22 of Q may be a straight chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group (for example, a methylene, ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,2-butylene, 1,3-butylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,2-hexylene, 1,6-hexylene and 1,2-dodecylene group), an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (for example, a cyclohexylene, cyclohexyl methylene, cyclohexyl ethylene and cyclooctyl hexylene group) and an aromatic hydrocarbon group (for example, a phenylene, phenylmethylene, phenylethylene, phenyl hexylene, phenylbis methylene and phenylbis ethylene group).
• preferred species are of C1-10 and in particular C1-2.
• Preferred species for Q comprise aliphatic hydrocarbon groups (and in particular, a methylene group) and in particular -CO-.
• Z is preferably -O-.
• examples of A 1 include 2-18C alkylene groups.
• a preferred species is 2-4C alkylene group.
• co-use a combination of both in at least 50% (wt.%, the same hereinafter) and in particular 60-95% is preferred.
• R 3 is a hydrogen atom or methyl group, and preferably a methyl group.
• a 2 is an alkylene group of C2-18, and for example, the same groups as proposed for aforesaid A 1 may be proposed. Preferred examples are the same as well.
• n is preferably 0 or 1-10 and more preferably 0 or 1.
• aliphatic hydrocarbon group of carbon number 1-32 for R 4 straight or branched chain C1-32 alkyl groups, or straight or branched chain C2-32 alkenyl groups may be proposed.
• alkyl groups are concerned, in addition to the aforesaid alkyl groups, hexacosyl, octacosyl (2-dodecyl hexadecyl and the like), triacosyl group and dotriacosyl group (2-tetradecyl octadecyl group and the like) may be proposed.
• alkenyl groups vinyl, (meth)allyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, octenyl, decenyl, dodecenyl, pentadecenyl, octadecenyl, dococenyl, tetracocenyl, octacocenyl and triacocenyl group may be proposed.
• alicyclic hydrocarbon groups of carbon number 5-7 of R 4 cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl group and the like may be proposed, and as aralkyl groups of carbon number 7-32 (the alkyl group is straight or branched chain), benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylbutyl, phenyl nonyl and phenyl dodecyl group and the like may be proposed.
• n is preferably 0 or an integer of 1-10, and more preferably 0 or 1 and particularly preferably 0.
• Monomers represented by aforesaid general formula (2) include the following.
• C1-7 preferably C1-6, more preferably C1-4 and particularly C1 alkyl group, C2-7 (preferably C2-3) alkenyl group, C5-7 (preferably C6) cycloalkyl group or C7-8 aralkyl group: for example, methylacrylate, methyl methacrylate,
• Examples include (poly)ethylene glycol (degree of polymerization 1-9) monomethyl ether, (poly)propylene glycol (degree of polymerization 1-5) mono ethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether and polypropylene glycol (degree of polymerization 2-4) monobutyl ether mono (meth)acrylate and the like.
• Preferred species among monomers of the aforesaid formula (2) comprise combinations of two or more species of the aforesaid (2-1), (2-2) and (2-3), and more preferably a combination of 1-2 species of (2-1) and 2 or more species, in particular, 2-4 species of (2-2).
• the weight ratio of combinations of (2-1)/(2-2) is preferably 50/50-2/98, and in particular 35/65-3/97.
• the copolymer is readily made oil soluble if (2-2) is 50 or more, and a friction regulation effect can be displayed particularly well if 98 or less.
• the amount of [(2-1) + (2-2)] in the monomer of the aforesaid formula (2) is preferably 80-100% and more preferably 100% based on the weight of monomers of the said formula (2).
• a preferred combination is one of 2-50% of monomer (2-1) wherein in the formula of monomer of aforesaid formula (2), n is 0 or 1, and R 4 is a C1-7 alkyl group, C2-7 alkenyl group, C5-7 cycloalkyl group or C7-8 aralkyl group, and, 50-98% of monomer (2-2) wherein, in general formula (2), n is 0 or 1, and R 4 is a C8-32 alkyl group or alkenyl group or C9-32 aralkyl group.
• the content of monomer of the aforesaid formula (1) based on the weight of copolymer is preferably 0.01-50%, more preferably 0.05-40%, in particular 0.1-15% and most preferably 0.2-5%.
• the monomer of aforesaid formula (1) is 0.01% or more, this is preferred from the point of view of the excellent friction regulation effect, and when 50% or less, this is preferred from the point of view of being readily made oil soluble.
• the content of monomer of the aforesaid formula (2) based on the weight of copolymer is preferably 50-99.99%, more preferably 60-99.95%, in particular 85-99.9% and most preferably 95-99.8%.
• This polymethacrylate having phosphate ester added to the terminals can be produced using well-known prior art radical polymerisation processes, for example, a solution polymerisation method, emulsion polymerisation method, suspension polymerisation method, reverse phase suspension polymerisation method, thin film polymerisation method or spray polymerisation method, but preferably by a solution polymerisation method.
• a solution polymerisation method for example, a solution polymerisation method, emulsion polymerisation method, suspension polymerisation method, reverse phase suspension polymerisation method, thin film polymerisation method or spray polymerisation method, but preferably by a solution polymerisation method.
• production is possible by radically-polymerising the monomers of said formula (1) and monomers of said formula (2) in a solvent in the presence of initiator and in accordance with requirements, a chain transfer agent.
• solvent examples include high flash point solvents (a flash point of at least 130°C) such as, a mineral oil [solvent refined oil, hydrogenation reformate (for example, high viscosity index oil of viscosity index 100-160) or naphthenic oil] and synthetic oil [hydrocarbon synthetic lubricating oil (poly ⁇ -olefinic synthetic lubricating oil or the like) and ester synthetic lubricating oil] and the like; other solvent [aliphatic hydrocarbon (pentane, hexane and the like), aromatic hydrocarbon (toluene, xylene and the like), alcohol solvent (isopropyl alcohol, octanol, butanol and the like), ketone solvent (methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone and the like), amide solvent (N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like), sulfoxide solvent (dimethylsulfoxide and the like)] and combinations
• azo initiators As initiator, azo initiators, peroxide initiators and redox type initiators may be proposed.
• AVN 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile)
• AVN 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile
• azobis cyano valeric acid and salts thereof for example, hydrochloride and the like
• 2,2'-azobis (2-amidino propane) hydrochloride 2,2'-azobis (2-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) propionamide and the like
• inorganic peroxide for example, hydrogen peroxide, ammonium persulphate, potassium persulphate, sodium persulphate and the like
• organic peroxide for example, benzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, succinic acid peroxide, di (2-ethoxyethyl) peroxydicarbonate, t-butyl peroxy pivalate, t-hexyl peroxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy neoheptanoate, t-butyl peroxy neodecanoate, t-butyl peroxy 2-ethyl hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy isobutyrate, t-amyl peroxy 2-ethyl hexanoate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl peroxy 2-ethyl hexanoate, dibutyl peroxid
• redox type initiators include combinations of a reducing agent such as alkali metal sulphite and bisulphite (for example, ammonium sulphite, ammonium bisulphite and the like), ferrous chloride, ferrous sulphate, ascorbic acid and the like, and, an oxidising agent such as alkali metal persulphate, ammonium persulphate, hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxide and the like.
• a reducing agent such as alkali metal sulphite and bisulphite (for example, ammonium sulphite, ammonium bisulphite and the like)
• ferrous chloride ferrous sulphate
• ferrous sulphate ascorbic acid and the like
• an oxidising agent such as alkali metal persulphate, ammonium persulphate, hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxide and the like.
• chain transfer agents include for example, mercaptan species (n-lauryl mercaptan, mercaptoethanol, mercapto propanol or the like), thiocarboxylic acid species (thioglycollic acid, thiomalic acid and the like), secondary alcohol species (isopropanol and the like), amines (dibutyl amine and the like), hypophosphite species (sodium hypophosphite and the like) and the like.
• mercaptan species n-lauryl mercaptan, mercaptoethanol, mercapto propanol or the like
• thiocarboxylic acid species thioglycollic acid, thiomalic acid and the like
• secondary alcohol species isopropanol and the like
• amines dibutyl amine and the like
• hypophosphite species sodium hypophosphite and the like
• the polymerisation temperature is preferably 30-140°C, more preferably 50-130°C and particularly 70-120°C.
• the polymerisation temperature may be controlled using an adiabatic polymerisation method or temperature controlled polymerisation method.
• the copolymerisation may be either one of random addition polymerisation or alternating copolymerisation, and moreover either graft copolymerisation or block copolymerisation.
• the polymethacrylate as used in the present invention and having phosphate ester added to a terminal position is readily soluble in base oil by dissolution / dilution with diluent.
• the solvents proposed in the process for the production of the said copolymer are usable, and the solvent used in the polymerisation step may be allowed to remain without being eliminated.
• these diluents mineral oils and synthetic oils are preferred.
• Dissolution into the diluent may be carried out under heating in accordance with requirements (preferably 40-150°C).
• the amount of this additive with terminally added phosphate ester is preferably 0.0001%-15% and more preferably 0.001%-10%.
• the content of these phenolic antioxidants is preferably 0.01%-5% and more preferably 0.05%-2%. If less than 0.01%, there is no effect, and no additional effect thereby results if contained in a greater amount than 5%.
• Examples of the aforesaid amine antioxidant include as aromatic amine, phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine compounds and dialkyl diphenylamine compounds.
• phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine compounds the phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamines represented by following general formula (3) are preferably used.
• R 6 denotes a hydrogen atom or a straight chain or branched alkyl group of carbon number 1-16).
• R 6 in general formula (3) is an alkyl group
• the said alkyl group is C1-16 of straight chain or branched form as described above.
• alkyl groups include a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group and hexadecyl group (these alkyl groups may be straight chain or branched form).
• the carbon number of R6 exceeds 16, the proportion of functional group present within the molecule becomes low, and there is the danger that an unfavourable influence may be exerted on the antioxidant properties.
• R6 in general formula (3) is an alkyl group
• R6 is preferably a branched alkyl group of carbon number 8-16, and moreover, more preferably, a branched alkyl group of carbon number 8-16 derived from an oligomer of an olefin of carbon number 3 or 4.
• olefins of carbon number 3 or 4 include propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene and isobutylene, and from the viewpoint of solubility, preferred examples comprise propylene or isobutylene.
• R 6 is more preferably a branched octyl group derived from a dimer of isobutylene, a branched nonyl group derived from a trimer of propylene, a branched dodecyl group derived from a trimer of isobutylene, a branched dodecyl group derived from a tetramer of propylene or a branched pentadecyl group derived from a pentamer of propylene, and particularly preferably a branched octyl group derived from a dimer of isobutylene, a branched dodecyl group derived from a trimer of isobutylene or a branched dodecyl group derived from a tetramer of propylene.
• R 6 when R 6 is an alkyl group, the said group can be bonded at an arbitrary position on the phenyl group, but preferably is at the p-position with respect to the amino group. Furthermore, although the amino group can be bonded at an arbitrary position on the naphthyl group, it is preferably bonded at the ⁇ -position.
• phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine represented by general formula (3) either commercial products or synthesised products may be used. Synthesised products can be readily synthesised by carrying out the reaction of phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine with an alkyl halide compound of carbon number 1-16, or the reaction of phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine with an olefin of carbon number 2-16 or an olefin oligomer of carbon number 2-16 using a Friedel-Krafts catalyst.
• Friedel-Krafts catalyst examples include metal halides such as aluminium chloride, zinc chloride, ferric chloride and the like, and acidic catalysts such as sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorus pentoxide, boron fluoride, acid clay, activated clay and the like.
• dialkyl diphenylamine compound a dialkyl diphenylamine represented by following general formula (4) is preferably used.
• R 7 and R 8 may be the same or different and respectively denote 1-16C alkyl groups).
• alkyl groups represented by R 7 and R 8 for example, a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group (these alkyl groups may be straight chain or branched form) may be proposed.
• R 7 and R 8 are preferably a C3-16 branched alkyl group, more preferably a C3-16 branched alkyl group derived from C3 or 4 olefin or oligomer thereof.
• olefin of carbon number 3 or 4 propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene and isobutylene and the like may be proposed, wherein propylene or isobutylene is preferred from the viewpoint of affording excellent solubility.
• R 7 or R 8 is preferably respectively an isopropyl group derived from propylene, a tert-butyl group derived from isobutylene, a branched hexyl group derived from a dimer of propylene, a branched octyl group derived from a dimer of isobutylene, a branched nonyl group derived from a trimer of propylene, a branched dodecyl group derived from a trimer of isobutylene, a branched dodecyl group derived from a tetramer of propylene or a branched pentadecyl group derived from a pentamer of propylene, and most preferably a tert-butyl group derived from isobutylene, a branched hexyl group derived from a dimer of propylene, a
• the alkyl groups represented by R 7 or R 8 can be respectively bonded at arbitrary positions on the phenyl groups, but preferably are bonded at the p-position with respect to the amino group, in other words, a dialkyl diphenylamine represented by general formula (4) is preferably a p,p'-dialkyl diphenylamine.
• dialkyl diphenylamine represented by general formula (4).
• Synthesised products can be readily synthesised by reacting diphenylamine and an alkyl halide compound of carbon number 1-16 and diphenylamine (sic) or the reaction of diphenylamine and olefin of carbon number 2-16 or olefin of carbon number 2-16 (sic) or an oligomer thereof using a Friedel-Krafts catalyst.
• Friedel-Krafts catalyst metal halide and acid catalyst and the like as exemplified in the description of the aforesaid phenyl-alfa-naphthylamine system compound may be used.
• Aromatic amine represented by the aforesaid general formulae (3) and (4) may be used singly or mixtures of two or more species thereof with differing structures may be used.
• a phenyl-alfa-naphthylamine represented by general formula (3) and a dialkyl diphenylamine represented by general formula (4) are preferably co-used because antioxidant properties can be maintained at high temperatures over even a more longer period of time.
• the mixed proportions are arbitrary, but a range of 1/10-10 /1 by weight ratio is preferred.
• the content of these amine antioxidants is preferably 0.01% to 5% and more preferably 0.05% to 2%. If less than 0.01%, there is no effect, and no additional effect thereby results if contained in a greater amount than 5%.
• Alkaline earth metal salts such as sulphonate, phenate, salicylate, naphthenate and the like, known as metal detergents, comprise species formulated into this lubricating oil composition. These may be used alone or in combinations of two or more species.
• alkaline earth metal calcium, magnesium may be proposed. Usually sulphonates, phenates and salicylates of calcium or magnesium are preferably used.
• compounds represented by general formula (5) or general formula (6) may be proposed for alkaline earth metal salts of the aforesaid alkylbenzene sulphonic acid or alkyl naphthalene sulphonic acid.
• M 2 and M 3 are alkaline earth metals
• Rn 11 and Rn 12 denote hydrogen atoms or C1-30 alkyl groups and are preferably C6-18 alkyl groups. When present as a plurality thereof, these may be the same or different.
• h and k are 1-2.
• a basic sulphonate which has been obtained by the reaction of an excess of alkaline earth metal salt and the borate or carbonate of alkaline earth metal salt with respect to the normal salt, in the presence of carbon dioxide, can also be used as an overbased alkaline earth metal sulphonate.
• alkaline earth metal sulphonates are sulphonates whose base number (BN) is 50-500 mgKOH/g and which contain an alkaline earth metal salt.
• the said base number can be measured by the hydrochloric acid method of JIS K2501.
• alkaline earth metal phenate for example, an alkaline earth metal salt of an alkylphenol, alkylphenol sulphide or an alkylphenol Mannich reactant, and in particular a magnesium salt or calcium salt and the like may be proposed.
• alkaline earth metal salt of an alkylphenol, alkylphenol sulphide or an alkylphenol Mannich reactant, and in particular a magnesium salt or calcium salt and the like may be proposed.
• Examples include the compounds represented by following general formulae (7) and (8).
• the phenate of the overbased alkaline earth metal is an alkaline earth metal salt of alkylphenol or sulphurised alkylphenol, and is usually obtained by a process of carbonating the alkaline earth metal salt of the alkylphenol or sulphurised alkylphenol.
• R 41 , R 42 , R 43 and R 44 which may each be the same or different, denote C4-30, preferably C6-18, straight chain or branched alkyl groups.
• M 4 , M 5 and M 6 which may each be the same or different, denote alkaline earth metals, preferably calcium or magnesium, and x denotes 1 or 2.
• Examples of the alkyl group represented by the aforesaid R 41 , R 42 , R 43 and R 44 include a butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, octadecyl group, nonadecyl group, eicosyl group, heneicosyl group, docosyl group, tricosyl group, tetracosyl group, pentacosyl group, hexacosyl group, heptacosyl, octacosyl group, nonacosyl group and triacontyl group and the like. These may be straight chain or branched. Moreover these may be primary alkyl groups
• Base number (BN) of alkaline earth metal phenate is 40-400 mgKOH/g, preferably 60-300 mgKOH/g.
• this base number is less than 40 mgKOH/g, the admixture of a large amount becomes necessary in order to increase the total base number for the lubricating oil, and this is not preferred from the point of view of economy, and on the other hand, when this base number exceeds 400mgKOH/g, the phenate component which is present in the lubricating oil is decreased and a satisfactory detergent effect may not be demonstrated.
• metal salicylate which has been added to the aforesaid base oil
• this is an alkaline earth metal salicylate salt.
• the base number of the alkaline earth metal salicylate is 40-400 mgKOH/g and is preferably 100-300 mgKOH/g.
• this base number is less than 40 mgKOH/g, the admixture of a large amount becomes necessary in order to increase the total base number for the insulating oil, and this is not preferred from the point of view of economy, and on the other hand, when this base number exceeds 400mgKOH/g, the salicylate component which is present in the lubricating oil decreases and there may not be sufficient detergent effect.
• Calcium and magnesium are preferred as the alkali metal (sic) of the alkaline earth metal salt of the aforesaid salicylate. Calcium (Ca) is more preferred.
• the normal salt can be used as it is, but basic Ca salicylate which has been obtained by reacting the normal salt of Ca type salicylate with excess calcium salt and calcium base in the presence of water under heating; and overbased calcium salicylate obtained by reacting the normal salt of Ca type salicylate with calcium type carbonate and borate salt in the presence of carbon dioxide gas may also be used.
• R 13 denotes a hydrogen atom or C1-30 alkyl group, and a C6-18 alkyl group is preferred, and when a plurality of these are present, they each may be the same or different.
• n is an integer of 1-4.
• This Ca salicylate may be used alone, or in accordance with requirements a plurality thereof may be mixed and used. Moreover, metal type detergents other than Ca salicylate may be co-used, depending on the circumstances.
• each of the aforesaid metal system detergents can be freely selected to conform with the kind lubricating oil in accordance with the object thereof, but the content is preferably 0.1-10.0 %, and more preferably 0.5-3 %.
• an alkaline earth metal salt of a salicylate namely, the alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl salicylic acid is preferably used.
• Lubricating oil compositions were prepared in accordance with Example 1 except that the 0.5 pts. calcium sulphonate of Example 1 was replaced by 1.25 pts. calcium salicylate in Example 2 and by 0.8 (sic) calcium phenate in Example 3, while nothing was used instead of this in Example 4. Moreover, the calcium salts used were ones which were formulated so that their calcium quantity was the same as in Example 1, and were adjusted so that the total amount in the base oil comprised 250 pts.
• Example 6 was an Example in which base oil B was used instead of base oil A in Example 4, and Example 7 was an Example in which amine antioxidant B was used instead of amine antioxidant A of Example 5, and lubricating oil compositions were obtained using otherwise the same procedures as in aforesaid Examples 1 ⁇ 5 by stirring and mixing well.
• Comparative Example 1 was an example in which Example 1 was repeated but amine antioxidant A was used instead of the phenolic antioxidant of Example 1.
• Comparative Example 2 was an example in which Example 3 was repeated but amine antioxidant A was used instead of the phenolic antioxidant of Example 3.
• Comparative Example 3 was an example in which Example 1 was repeated but without the use of the phenolic system antioxidant.
• Comparative Example 4 was an example in which prior art type PMA and calcium sulphonate were used.
• oxidation performance test a heat test at 165.5°C was carried out for 60 hours using a test method in accordance with the oxidation stability test for lubricating oils for internal combustion engine (ISOT), as stipulated in JIS K2514, and the following items before and after the test were measured.
• ISOT oxidation stability test for lubricating oils for internal combustion engine
• each Example showed good results with little change in any of kinematic viscosity at 100°C, kinematic viscosity at 40°C, viscosity index (VI), acid number (AN), base number (BN) and the hue before and after the test.
• VI viscosity index
• AN acid number
• BN base number

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• 2007
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