EP1875140B1 - Generateur de chaleur - Google Patents

Generateur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1875140B1
EP1875140B1 EP05731926A EP05731926A EP1875140B1 EP 1875140 B1 EP1875140 B1 EP 1875140B1 EP 05731926 A EP05731926 A EP 05731926A EP 05731926 A EP05731926 A EP 05731926A EP 1875140 B1 EP1875140 B1 EP 1875140B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
heat generator
housing
heat
generator
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EP05731926A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1875140A1 (fr
Inventor
Kanarev Philipp Michaylovich
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Bierbaumer Hans-Peter Dr hc
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Bierbaumer Hans-Peter Dr hc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/002—Air heaters using electric energy supply
    • F24H3/004—Air heaters using electric energy supply with a closed circuit for a heat transfer liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/106—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat generator for heating a fluid with a housing made of a dielectric material, comprising a housing shell, a housing bottom and a housing cover, with at least one inlet opening and at least one drain opening for the fluid, wherein in the housing at least one anode and at least one cathode are arranged at a distance from one another, and wherein the at least one anode and the at least one cathode are electrically conductively connected to one pole of at least one pulse generator, a heating system comprising at least one conveyor for a first fluid, at least one heat generator for heating the fluid, at least a heat exchanger in which the generated heat is transferred from the fluid to another fluid, the use of the heat generator to heat a building, and a method of operating the heat generator to heat a dipolar particle, such as molecules or molecules clusters, existing fluid, after which the fluid in the heat generator is exposed to an electric field and its particles are aligned according to their charge, wherein the particles are additionally applied with voltage pulses.
  • Devices for electric heating are already known from the prior art. They can be divided into resistance heaters, arc heaters, induction heaters, dielectric heaters, electron heaters, laser heaters and mixed heaters.
  • a plant for the production of heat energy hydrogen and oxygen is known, based on physico-chemical technology.
  • This device comprises a housing made of a dielectric material, which is provided with a molded cylindrical conical cam with a through-hole, which forms the anode or cathode space together with the housing.
  • the anode is designed as a flat ring with openings, located in the anode compartment and is connected to the positive terminal of the supply source.
  • the rod-shaped cathode is made of heat-resistant material and is inserted into a threaded dielectric rod, with which it can be inserted through a threaded hole in the housing in the inter-electrode chamber, centered in the cover through-hole and connected to the negative terminal of the supply source.
  • the inlet connection for the working solution is located in the middle part of the anode compartment.
  • the US 3,315,681 A describes a heating device are arranged in the electrodes, wherein these electrodes are connected to a power source.
  • This heater is primarily for the rapid heating of blood, for which an alternating electric field is built up between the electrodes by using an AC energy source.
  • the use of an alternating field in particular of importance, as by the use of direct current, the problem of polarization of the electrodes occurs, whereby the blood is not only heated unevenly, but an outgassing of the blood occurs.
  • the frequency of the alternating field must be above 60 Hz, in particular above 200 Hz, preferably in the range between 400 Hz and 800 Hz.
  • pulses or recurring capacitor discharges can also be used.
  • the CH 658 507 A describes an electrode vessel with a container in which at least one cylindrical electrode and at least one further coaxially surrounding electrode are accommodated, wherein the electrodes having different polarity are completely submerged in water and connected to an AC supply.
  • the electrodes are arranged immovably relative to one another.
  • at least one control unit controlling the power consumption of the electrodes is provided in the AC power supply. With this control unit, the power of the electrode boiler is steplessly controlled between 0% and 100%. The water is heated as a result of its electrical resistance, so that there is a vapor development between the electrodes.
  • the control is effected by a so-called oscillation packet control in which the sinusoidally running alternating current is transmitted by the thyristors during a certain number of current-carrying pulses and is interrupted by the thyristors during a same or different number of current-blocking pulses. It is thus achieved a linear dependence of the power of the number of pulses.
  • a so-called phase control in which the alternating current alternately is transmitted during a current-carrying partial pulse and interrupted during a current-blocking partial pulse.
  • the pressure vessel itself can be grounded or insulated.
  • the heat generator in which a dielectric is arranged between the at least one anode and the at least one cathode, as well as by a heating system in which at least one heat generator is designed according to the invention, and by the method mentioned at the beginning, in which Particles are subjected to voltage pulses, whereby their Nah elbow is destroyed and then in pulse pauses or outside of the heat generator, the recombination of the Nahaku is made possible, wherein heat energy is released or generated, solved.
  • the advantage here is that the heating of the fluid does not take place with alternating or direct current, but with voltage pulses.
  • the energy consumption for the breaking up of the short-range order of the particles can be reduced from a primary voltage source and thus the efficiency of the heat generator is increased.
  • the particles of the fluid are put into resonance oscillation with the voltage pulses, that is to say that at least essentially a standing wave is formed within the flow circuit and thus the energy consumption continues for the destruction of the close arrangement or of bonds within molecules can be reduced because hereby these particles in addition to their natural natural vibration, as is well known, already have a higher fundamental frequency and thus in the field between the anode and cathode only the pure destruction of the Nahaku must be done.
  • the voltage pulses can be generated with a steep rising edge, in particular at least approximately rectangular pulses are used, whereby the destruction of the Nahowski is effected very quickly and thereby lower energy losses, which otherwise may occur due to the degradation of the introduced energy in the form of vibrational energy can.
  • voltage pulses are used with a, at least in the lower third, gently sloping edge whereby a slowly decreasing voltage curve is made possible and thus not only the recombination or reorganization of the particles is facilitated, but also the stress of the components of the heat generator can be reduced so that it can be operated at least approximately maintenance-free over longer periods of time.
  • water is used as the fluid because in the event of an accident the least possible impact on the environment is provided.
  • tetrahedral arrangements that is, the order of proximity of the individual water molecules, a very broad spectrum is available in order to tailor the heat energy production to the respective consumer.
  • a pH can be adjusted, selected from a range with a lower limit of 7.1 and an upper limit of 14 or with a lower limit of 9 and an upper limit of 12, as these measures increase the reactivity of the water and thus facilitate the destruction of the proximity or bonds of the water molecules and consequently the energy consumption the primary source can be lowered.
  • the particles are at least approximately linearized to facilitate their alignment in the electric field between the anode and cathode.
  • monochromatic radiation which may be a laser radiation in particular, since it allows the energy required for the alignment very specifically tuned to the respective molecules of the fluid and their energy requirements for various vibration and rotation states can be introduced.
  • the fluid is contacted in the circulation, so that it is possible to work in a closed system and, in particular, advantages with regard to a chemically treated fluid can be obtained, in particular with regard to the very basic alkalis.
  • the fluid can be fed to the heat generator to a heat exchanger, said heat exchanger can be designed according to a variant embodiment as a radiator of a space heating, thereby promoting a large-scale heat transfer from the fluid to a carrier medium.
  • the pulse generator may be formed electromechanically, in particular an electric motor, at least one voltage pulse generator and at least one pump, in particular a hydraulic pump, comprise on a common shaft, whereby this can be equipped very robust for extreme conditions.
  • the pulse generator wherein this in particular at least one transformer, optionally at least one rectifier, for the case that AC voltage is fed, at least one IGPT and at least one capacitor may include, whereby this pulse generator can be made very compact and thus particularly suitable for small systems, for example.
  • this pulse generator can be made very compact and thus particularly suitable for small systems, for example.
  • the electronic pulse generator can be at least largely designed as a circuit board with corresponding semiconductor components.
  • the pulse generator can be assigned at least one control and / or regulating module for controlling and / or regulating a temperature of the fluid and / or a pulse width and / or pulse duration and / or a pulse frequency, whereby the accuracy of the method, in particular if this under resonance the particles is carried out can be increased, and it is also possible to control the method such that the heat extraction, eg for space heating, not too large and thus ultimately the consumption of primary energy at least optimized, but preferably can also be minimized.
  • the housing jacket is cylindrical in order to keep the losses occurring through the flow resistance as low as possible.
  • the housing bottom and / or the housing cover can be made detachable from the housing jacket, in particular insertable or inscribable in the housing so as not only to allow the accessibility of the anode and cathode space in the heat generator, but thus to the heat generator for retrofitting into existing heating systems be designed by a height compensation by the use of different height case bottoms and / or housing cover is made possible.
  • At least one inlet opening for the fluid is arranged in the housing bottom, in particular axially and / or if at least one drain opening is arranged in the housing cover, also in particular axially, wherein it is particularly advantageous if the inlet opening and the drain opening coaxial with each other are formed because otherwise occurring heat losses can be reduced or avoided and thus the energy efficiency of the system, ie the heat generator can be increased can.
  • the distance between the at least one anode and the at least one cathode is variable, preferably infinitely adjustable, for example via a corresponding screw adjustment, because thus the heat generator is universally applicable by depending on the fluid used or depending on the Overall concept of a system in which the heat generator is operated, this distance, which is referred to in the context of the invention as a so-called dielectric game, can be optimized without additional design measures.
  • the at least one anode and / or the at least one cathode is supported by an adjusting device.
  • This adjusting device preferably consists of a dielectric material in order to avoid energy losses due to energy input into this adjusting device.
  • the at least one anode or the at least one cathode can partially surround the adjusting device in order to keep the anode space or cathode space as low as possible while at the same time providing sufficient height adjustability and sufficient surface area of the anode or cathode.
  • the adjusting device in the housing cover and / or in the housing bottom is screwed, or if it is slidably supported in the housing cover or in the housing bottom, since thus a structurally simple measure for the adjustability is set by only the adjustment itself and not a part of the same must be designed adjustable in height via a corresponding mechanism.
  • the adjusting device may be formed in the flow direction of the fluid behind the inlet opening for the fluid, wherein it is particularly advantageous if the inlet opening is formed in the adjustment, because thus the manufacturing cost of the heat generator by reducing individual components is made possible and on the other hand, the volume in the heat generator as low as possible can be kept, which in turn reduces energy consumption for heating the fluid lower.
  • At least one radially arranged opening for the outlet of the fluid to be arranged in the anode space in the region of the at least one anode, thereby generating a transverse flow in the region of the dielectric clearance, transversely with respect to the axis of the heat generator is so that so the fluid enters transversely with respect to the formed between the anode and cathode electric field, and thus must travel as long as possible in the electric field.
  • the adjusting device protrudes outside the housing via the housing cover or the housing bottom.
  • the dielectric can be designed as a deflection device for the fluid in order to achieve the said transverse flow, thus projecting radially in particular over the radially arranged openings in the adjusting device.
  • the serial arrangement is to be understood in particular in training the heating system as a resonant circuit - resonant circuit that in the fluid a standing wave is formed - by reducing the required primary energy - Compared to the parallel operation - allows a further increase in the efficiency of the heating system.
  • the heat exchanger of the heating system can be designed in the manner of a solar module, whereby a particularly effective heat energy release, e.g. for space heating, is possible.
  • these heat exchangers can also be designed as conventional radiators, so that this heating system in the form of a small stationary system, for example, only for one room, can be formed.
  • the radiator is designed as Bankpaneel, whereby the heat transfer into the room can be made more effective.
  • the heating system generally as a central heating.
  • FIG. 1 an inventive heat generator 1 is shown.
  • This comprises a housing 2, consisting of a housing shell 3, and a housing bottom 4 and a housing cover 5.
  • the housing 2, that is, the housing shell 3 and / or the housing bottom 4 and / or the housing cover 5 may be made of a dielectric material, for example of a plastic, such as PE, PP, PVC, PS, Plexiglas etc.
  • each thread 6 is each one of the two end portions 7, 8 of the housing shell 3 assigned - or a corresponding external thread on the housing bottom 4 and the housing cover. 5 bolted to the housing shell 3, so that the housing bottom 4 and the housing cover 5 are removably disposed from the housing shell 3 in this.
  • the housing bottom 4 and / or the housing cover 5 are arranged with a press fit in the housing shell 3.
  • the housing 2 is cylindrical.
  • the cylindrical formation a reduction of the flow resistance, which is opposite to a subsidized by the heat generator 1 fluid 9, allows - that the housing 2 may have any arbitrary spatial forms, such as cubic, etc.
  • the housing bottom 4 has in the embodiment cylinder after Fig. 1 along a longitudinal central axis 10, a recess, for example in the form of a bore, which serves as an inlet opening 11 for the fluid 9 in the heat generator 1, that is, in a reaction space 12 of the heat generator 1.
  • the housing cover 5 is provided with an opening 13 in the form of an axial bore in order to ensure the flow of the fluid 9 from the reaction chamber 12.
  • Both the inlet opening and the drain opening can also be at another Position of the heat generator 1 in the housing 2 be located, for example in the housing shell 3, or radially in the housing base 4 or housing cover 5, so as to give the incoming fluid 9 already a tangential flow, this should be beneficial to heat generation.
  • more than one inlet opening or more than one drain opening can be arranged.
  • At least one anode 14 in an anode space 15 and at least one cathode 16 in a cathode space 17 are arranged.
  • the at least one anode 14 is connected to a positive pole 18 and the at least one cathode 16 is connected to a negative pole 19 of a pulse generator 20.
  • Fig. 1 shows, in the case of an embodiment variant, the anode 14 is arranged at a distance from the housing bottom 4 in the reaction space 12.
  • a dome-shaped attachment 21 is provided on the housing bottom 4 in the region of the opening 11, that is to say the inlet opening for the fluid 9 into the reaction space 12, which can serve as a height adjustment device for the at least one anode 14.
  • this attachment 21 is in turn rotationally symmetrical, bolt-shaped and held in a central bore 22 in the housing bottom 4.
  • this attachment 21 may in turn also have other geometric shapes, for example prism-like, so that this bore 22 may be designed to correspond to the outer circumference of the attachment 21.
  • this article 21 does not protrude into the housing bottom 4, but is mounted on this, for example glued to this, or is connected via other types of connection techniques, such as welding, with the housing bottom 4.
  • this attachment 21 is provided with an external thread 23, which engages in an internal thread 24 of the bore 22.
  • this attachment 21 which preferably also consists of a dielectric material, has an opening 26 which does not extend in the direction of the longitudinal axis 10 and which is arranged behind the opening 10 in the housing base 4 in the flow direction of the fluid 9 (arrow 26) ,
  • radial bores 27 are provided in the attachment 21, via which the fluid 9 can enter the reaction gray 12, as a result of which its flow direction changes.
  • the housing bottom 4 and the attachment 21 are integrally formed, wherein optionally the height adjustment and thereby the adjustability of the distance 25 can be achieved by the screwing of the housing bottom 4 in the housing shell 3.
  • the anode 14 is in the embodiment according to Fig. 1 is cylindrical and surrounds the attachment 21 from an upper end portion 28, starting in the direction of the housing bottom 4 partially. Downwards, ie in the direction of the housing bottom 4, the anode 14 can be fixed in its vertical position via a corresponding fastening device 29, for example a nut or a circumferential web or the like. In the simplest case, the anode 14 is removable on this fastening device 29. The latter can of course be connected to this fastening device 29.
  • the attachment 21 is provided with a disk-shaped element 30, whereby the freedom of movement of the anode 14 towards the top, i. in the direction of the housing cover 5, also limited.
  • This disk-shaped element 30 preferably has a larger diameter than the attachment 21 and preferably protrudes radially beyond the anode 14.
  • the element 30 with the cap 21 in one piece is formed, wherein the arrangement of the anode 14 on the attachment 21 by the removable fastening means 29, for example in the form of a nut, is ensured.
  • the cathode 14 is arranged downstream of the anode 14 in the flow direction of the fluid 9 (arrow 26). This also cylindrical in this case embodiment variant.
  • the cathode 16 is also enriched in an axial bore 31 of the housing cover 5, wherein this axial bore 31 naturally has a larger diameter than the opening 13 for the passage of the fluid 9.
  • this cathode 16 is formed in the axial bore 31 screwed or may be inserted. On the other hand, it is of course possible to connect the cathode 16 immovably with the housing cover 5.
  • this cathode 16 may have a central, continuous bore 32 in the flow direction of the fluid 9 (arrow 26) in front of the opening 13.
  • housing cover 5 is further provided in the flow direction of the fluid 9 (arrow 26) in front of the axial bore 31 of the cathode 16, a corresponding bore or recess with in turn larger diameter than the axial bore 31 so as to form the cathode space 17 in the region of the cathode 16.
  • the housing cover 5 projects beyond the cathode 16 in the direction of the reaction space 12.
  • the cathode 16 conversely, to project beyond the housing cover 5 in the direction of the reaction space or to have the same height position.
  • housing bottom 4 and / or housing cover 5 are not arranged in an inner bore of the housing shell 3, but conversely, this housing shell 3 are formed outside cross-over in the manner of a plug or screw 5.
  • the size of the reaction space 12 is variable, in particular with regard to the desired heat energy generated.
  • the flow velocity of the fluid 9 in the reaction chamber 12 itself can thus also be influenced.
  • the housing bottom 4 and / or the housing cover 5 may have at their outer ends nozzle-shaped extensions, for example, to simplify the connection of the heat generator 1 to a heating circuit or the like.
  • these nozzle-shaped extensions of the housing bottom 4 and the housing cover 5 may be equipped with corresponding threads.
  • the attachment 21 to protrude through the housing base 4 and thus from the outside, i. outside the reaction space 12, is operable to be e.g. to correct the leveling of the distance 25 between anode 14 and cathode 16 in retrospect or to allow the adjustability from outside.
  • the adjustability can of course be motorized, so not only must be done manually, what this article 21 may be provided with a corresponding drive, for example.
  • This drive can be designed microelectronics, since usually the absolute values of the adjustment in the operation of the heat generator 1 are not too large, but are to be understood as readjustments only if the correct distance 25 between the anode 14 and the cathode 16 has been set during initial operation.
  • the so-called "dielectric clearance" is formed by the gap defined by the gap 25, in particular the gap between the element 30 and the cathode 16.
  • This element 30 can in turn be made of a dielectric material, for example above materials.
  • the distance 25 between the at least one anode 14 and the at least one cathode 16 can be selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.1 mm and an upper limit of 10 cm or with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and a upper limit of 5 cm, the energy yield in this area is surprisingly large.
  • both the anode 14 and the cathode 16 are made of a metallic material.
  • Fig. 2 is a possible application of the heat generator 1 according to the invention schematically indicated.
  • the heat generator 1 is arranged in the flow circuit of a system for heating, in particular a radiator 34.
  • the radiator 34 may be formed of any material, in particular stainless steel, copper, or the like.
  • a heating system 37 according to the invention can be kept very compact and thus this is particularly suitable for retrofitting in rooms.
  • Fig. 3 shows the structure of the electro-mechanical pulse generator 20 after Fig. 2 , This consists of an electric motor 38, a voltage pulse generator 39 and a pump 40, in particular a hydraulic pump, wherein these elements of the pulse generator 20 are located in the order given on a common shaft 41 behind the other.
  • the flow direction of the fluid 9 is again indicated by arrow 26, the flow being generated by the pump 40.
  • this is constructed in a modular manner, wherein in a first energy feed module 42, e.g. a transformer that is powered by the grid or other sources of energy, such as Accumulators, etc., electrical energy is galvanically separated from the terrestrial energy system is.
  • a first energy feed module 42 e.g. a transformer that is powered by the grid or other sources of energy, such as Accumulators, etc.
  • electrical energy is galvanically separated from the terrestrial energy system is.
  • a supply module 44 with which the continuous DC voltage is converted into a pulsating DC voltage without earth, is line-connected to the power supply module 42 or the rectifier module 43.
  • This pulsating DC voltage is subsequently fed to the heat generator 1, i. on its anode 14 and cathode 16, so that these pulses are transformed via these specially arranged electrodes in the heat generator 1 into the fluid 9.
  • a control and / or control module 45 is preferably provided, which is constructed from individual capacitors, transistors, at least one IGPT and, for example, can be designed in the form of a circuit board in one embodiment.
  • this control and / or control module 45 for example, the regulation and / or control of pulse widths, pulse durations and the repetition frequency of the pulses is possible.
  • a temperature in accordance with a temperature control circuit 46 can be used as the control criterion, this temperature control circuit deriving its data from the temperature of the fluid 9, in particular the desired temperature of the fluid 9 in the heating system 37 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) receives.
  • this heating system 37 it is possible, as known per se, for example, thermostat as a temperature sensor provided.
  • rule criteria may be e.g. be chemical and physical parameters, for example, the pH of the fluid 9 or a pressure or a concentration of a chemical additive for the fluid 9, for example, an alkali.
  • the pulses are adjustable both in the pulse shape and in the amplitude, wherein in particular the steepness of the edges (dU / dt) of the pulses from the pulse generator 20 can be adjusted or regulated, in particular the rising edge and / or the falling edge , There are thus pulses with steeply rising and flat or gently sloping edge adjustable, but also rectangular or triangular pulses.
  • this electronic pulse generator 20 can be supplied with primary energy, i. electric power supplied directly from the supply network of the electrical utility.
  • primary energy i. electric power supplied directly from the supply network of the electrical utility.
  • a corresponding cooling module may be provided therein (in FIG Fig. 4 not shown), for example in the form of cooling fins, for example of aluminum profiles.
  • the operation of the heat generator 1 can be summarized as follows.
  • the pulse generator 20 is in the supply network, ie the power supply, switched.
  • the one of this generated voltage pulses are transmitted via the anode 14 and the cathode 16 to the fluid 9 in the flow circuit of the heating system 37 and generate there in the fluid 9, the desired heat.
  • the fluid 9 is kept in flow with the pump 40, which on the one hand the component of the electro-mechanical pulse generator 20 after Fig. 3 may be 37 or stirred when using an electronic pulse generator as a separate component of the heating system.
  • the fluid 9 is preferably guided in a closed circuit through the flow devices of the heating system 37 and thus also through the heat generator 1, in particular its reaction space 12.
  • the fluid 9 consists, viewed at the molecular level, of individual particles of dipolar character, that is to say, for example, if water is used as fluid 9, of water molecules, water ions or larger units, so-called clusters, of tetrahedral units. These particles pass through the dielectric clearance formed between the anode 14 and the cathode 16 or between the element 30 and the cathode 16 (designation in the sense of the invention) and are thereby under the influence of the electric field, in particular of the alternating voltage field, between the anode 14 and the cathode 16 builds, polarized due to the pulses.
  • the pulse effect on the thus polarized particles is torn - according representational representation of the function - the proximity of the particles to each other, so for example, chemical bonds within the molecules or cluster assemblies
  • the fluid 9 is water
  • the chemical bond between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the water molecules and the hydroxyl ions Since the chemical bonds between said structures are linearly aligned under the action of the electric field, the pulse action on these bonds at a frequency similar to the frequency of their thermal expansions causes these bonds to rupture.
  • the valent electrons that form such bonds remain after the bond Destruction of the particles or the near order of the particles, with an energy deficit back.
  • this heating element 34 acts as a heat exchanger.
  • heat exchangers such as large-area plate heat exchangers, coil heat exchangers, etc.
  • the heat from the primary, heated by the heat generator 1 fluid to a secondary fluid in a conventional manner is transferred to, for example, homes, industrial plants or the like.
  • solar modules, etc. as a heat exchanger.
  • These larger systems are particularly suitable, for example, to act as a central heating systems or generally for heating a substance, which may be both solid and fluidized, so a liquid or a gas.
  • the fluid 9 is mixed with a base, so that it has a basic pH.
  • the pH can be selected from a range with a lower limit of 7.1 and an upper limit of 14 or, in particular, preferably with a lower limit of 9 and an upper limit of 12.
  • To prepare the basic pH it is possible in principle to use any base, but particular preference is given to sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate.
  • Energy consumption lowering also has an effect if the fluid already flows through the heating system 37 with a certain fundamental vibration, with this basic vibration particularly preferably being a resonance oscillation, in particular with the voltage pulses.
  • this basic vibration particularly preferably being a resonance oscillation, in particular with the voltage pulses.
  • pulse frequencies have been found to be particularly advantageous frequencies selected from a range with an upper limit of 1000 Hz and a lower limit of 10 Hz, in particular with an upper limit of 750 Hz and a lower limit of 50 Hz, preferably an upper limit of 650 Hz and a lower limit of 75 Hz, whereby the pulses are introduced very quickly in quick succession in the fluid and thus the particles of fluid is not given the opportunity to implement the energy introduced at least partially into other forms of energy than the desired heat energy, such as vibration energies or rotational energies within individual molecules.
  • the pulse duration can be selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.1 ns and an upper limit of 100 ns, in particular a range with a lower limit of 0.4 ns and an upper limit of 50 ns, preferably from one range with a lower limit of 0.7 ns and an upper limit of 25 ns.
  • the pulse amplitude may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 V and an upper limit of 1500 V, in particular a range with a lower limit of 50 V and an upper limit of 500 V, preferably a lower limit range of 100V and an upper limit of 250V.
  • voltage pulses are used with steep rising edge, so that the energy input very quickly, almost “explosive” takes place.
  • These voltage pulses may be formed for example as Recheckimpulse or triangular pulses.
  • Low energy consumption has an effect if the falling edge of the voltage pulses is made flat, at least in the lower third, ie with an angle to the base that is less than 45 °.
  • the following table shows the results of an experimental measurement of the energy efficiency of the heat generation with the heat generator 1 according to the invention.
  • this efficiency is achieved by the particles saturating their energy deficit from the physical vacuum after the destruction of the local order.
  • resonance vibration is thought to involve the destruction of chemical compounds with a reduction in energy consumption from a primary energy source, so that the required energy is not extracted from the primary source itself but from the environment.
  • the behavior of a hydroxyl ion in the heat generator 1 is used. As the temperature rises, it causes increased molecular vibrations, so that distances between protons and electrons are increased in part.
  • This additional energy requirement can be provided, for example, by photons, whose energy is absorbed by a molecular particle, because in the end, the uniform absorption of these photons creates a pulsating process.
  • the pulse frequency is dependent on the rate of increase in temperature of the fluid 9 itself.
  • the method is controlled so that the hydrogen atom does not get into the region of the cathode 16 itself, but between Anode 14 and cathode 16 remains.
  • the hydrogen atom is separated so that the electron of the oxygen atom or electron of the hydrogen atom is released by resonance separation and finally the bond is broken, leaving an energy deficit, corresponding to the binding energy.
  • This energy deficit is filled up with energy from the environment. Since the process also takes place in the dark, photons are not or not exclusively responsible for the energy absorption, but in the Applicant's opinion, energy quanta are absorbed from the physical vacuum.
  • the scale invariance of the natural vibrations of the vacuum causes compression or decompression tendencies in the physical vacuum to repeat at scales whose logarithmic distance is constant.
  • the formation of compressed or decompressed material structures is favored.
  • the heat generator 1 of the invention uses this vacuum resonance and thus the efficiency of heat generation is increased.
  • the inventive method can also be made more efficient by the particles are already pre-oriented before entering the heat generator 1, that are pre-polarized in some way, so that the energy consumption for this polarization of the particles of the fluid 9 in the heat generator 1 is omitted.
  • This orientation may e.g. be done with high energy, monochromatic radiation, in particular laser radiation. It is advantageous if the particles of the fluid 9 are approximately linearized.
  • the heating system 37 or heat generator 1 according to the invention is used for the heating of houses, this of course does not represent any restriction for the invention, but of course it can generally be used for the generation of heat, regardless of for what purposes this heat is ultimately used.
  • To optionally increase the heating power there is the possibility of several heat generators one behind the other, so serial, to switch to the heating system.
  • the embodiments show possible embodiments of the heat generator 1 and the heating system 37, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are mutually possible and this variation possibility due to Teaching for technical action by objective invention in the skill of those working in this technical field is the expert. There are therefore also all possible embodiments, which are possible by combinations of individual details of the illustrated and described embodiment, the scope of protection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé servant à chauffer un fluide (9) constitué de particules dipolaires, comme des molécules ou des groupes de molécules. Selon ce procédé, le fluide (9) est soumis à un champ électrique dans un générateur de chaleur (1), ses particules étant ce faisant orientées selon leur charge. Les particules sont sollicitées au moyen d'impulsions de tension, ce qui détruit leur ordre à courte distance, puis la recombinaison de l'ordre à courte distance est permise pendant des pauses impulsionnelles ou à l'extérieur du générateur de chaleur (1), de l'énergie thermique étant ainsi libérée ou générée.

Claims (52)

  1. Générateur de chaleur (1) pour l'échauffement d'un fluide (9) avec un boîtier (2) en un matériau diélectrique comprenant une enveloppe de boîtier (3), un fond de boîtier (4) et un couvercle de boîtier (5), avec au moins une ouverture d'amenée et au moins une ouverture d'évacuation pour le fluide (9), où sont disposées dans le boîtier (2) au moins une anode (14) et au moins une cathode (16) à un écart (25) l'une de l'autre, et où la au moins une anode (14) et la au moins une cathode (16) sont reliées d'une manière électriquement conductrice à respectivement un pôle d'au moins un générateur d'impulsions (20), caractérisé en ce qu'il est disposé entre la au moins une anode (14) et la au moins une cathode (16) un diélectrique (30).
  2. Générateur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le générateur d'impulsions (20) est réalisé d'une manière électro-mécanique.
  3. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le générateur d'impulsions électro-mécanique (20) comprend au moins un moteur électrique (38), au moins un générateur d'impulsions de tension (39) et au moins une pompe (40), en particulier une pompe hydraulique, sur un arbre commun (41).
  4. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le générateur d'impulsions (20) est réalisé de manière électronique.
  5. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le générateur d'impulsions électronique (20) comprend au moins un transformateur, le cas échéant au moins un redresseur, au moins un IGPT ainsi qu'au moins un condensateur.
  6. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que le générateur d'impulsions électronique (20) est réalisé au moins en grande partie en tant que platine.
  7. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il est associé au générateur d'impulsions (20) au moins un module de régulation et/ou de commande (45), pour la commande et/ou la régulation d'une température du fluide (9) et/ou d'une largeur d'impulsion et/ou d'une durée d'impulsion et/ou d'une fréquence d'impulsion.
  8. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe de boîtier (3) est réalisée en une forme cylindrique.
  9. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le fond de boîtier (4) et/ou le couvercle de boîtier (5) peuvent être retirés de l'enveloppe de boîtier (3).
  10. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le fond de boîtier (4) et/ou le couvercle de boîtier (5) peuvent être enfichés dans l'enveloppe de boîtier (3).
  11. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le fond de boîtier (4) et/ou le couvercle de boîtier (5) peuvent être vissés dans l'enveloppe de boîtier (3).
  12. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture d'amenée est disposée dans le fond de boîtier (4).
  13. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture d'écoulement est disposée dans le couvercle de boîtier (5).
  14. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'écart (25) entre la au moins une anode (14) et la au moins une cathode (16) peut être modifié, de préférence être réglé en continu.
  15. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que pour le réglage de l'écart (25) entre la au moins une anode (14) et la au moins une cathode (16), la au moins une anode (14) et/ou au moins une cathode (16) est retenue par une installation de déplacement.
  16. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de déplacement est constituée d'un matériau diélectrique.
  17. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 14 ou 15, caractérisé en ce que la au moins une anode (14) où la au moins une cathode (16) entoure l'installation de déplacement partiellement.
  18. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 15 à 17, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de déplacement peut être vissée dans le couvercle de boîtier (5) ou dans le fond de boîtier (4).
  19. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 15 à 18, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de déplacement est retenue d'une manière déplaçable dans le couvercle de boîtier (5) ou dans le fond de boîtier (4).
  20. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 15 à 19, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de déplacement est réalisée dans la direction d'écoulement du fluide (9) en aval de l'ouverture d'amenée pour le fluide (9).
  21. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 15 à 20, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture d'amenée est réalisée dans l'installation de déplacement.
  22. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 21, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture d'amenée et/ou l'ouverture d'évacuation pour le fluide (9) sont réalisées axialement dans le boîtier (2).
  23. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 15 à 22, caractérisé en ce qu'il est disposé dans l'installation de déplacement au moins une ouverture disposée radialement pour la sortie du fluide (9) dans une enceinte d'anode (15) dans la zone de la au moins une anode (14).
  24. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 15 à 23, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de déplacement fait saillie à l'extérieur du boîtier (2) sur le couvercle de boîtier (5) ou le fond de boîtier (4), en particulier axialement.
  25. Générateur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le diélectrique est réalisé comme installation de renvoi pour le fluide (9).
  26. Installation de chauffage (37) comprenant au moins une installation de convoyage pour un premier fluide (9), au moins un générateur de chaleur (1) pour l'échauffement du fluide (9), au moins un échangeur de chaleur, dans lequel la chaleur produite est transférée du fluide (9) à un autre fluide, caractérisée en ce que le au moins un générateur de chaleur (1) est réalisé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 25.
  27. Installation de chauffage (37) selon la revendication 26, caractérisée en ce que plusieurs générateurs de chaleur (1) sont disposés en série.
  28. Installation de chauffage (37) selon la revendication 26 ou 27, caractérisée en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur est réalisé à la manière d'un module solaire.
  29. Installation de chauffage (37) selon la revendication 26 ou 27, caractérisée en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur est réalisé comme radiateur (34).
  30. Installation de chauffage (37) selon la revendication 29, caractérisée en ce que le radiateur (34) est réalisé comme panneau chauffant.
  31. Installation de chauffage (37) selon l'une des revendications 43 à 47, caractérisée en ce que celle-ci est réalisée comme chauffage central.
  32. Installation de chauffage (37) selon l'une des revendications 26 à 31, caractérisée en ce qu'il est disposé dans la direction d'écoulement du fluide (9), en amont du générateur de chaleur (1), une installation pour l'émission d'un rayonnement monochromatique.
  33. Installation de chauffage (37) selon la revendication 32, caractérisée en ce que l'installation pour l'émission du rayonnement monochromatique est un laser.
  34. Installation de chauffage (37) selon l'une des revendications 26 à 33, caractérisée en ce que celle-ci est réalisée comme circuit oscillant.
  35. Utilisation d'un générateur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15 pour le chauffage d'un bâtiment.
  36. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 1, pour l'échauffement d'un fluide (9) constitué de particules dipolaires, comme des molécules ou des amas de molécules, selon lequel le fluide (9) dans le générateur de chaleur (1) est exposé à un champ électrique et, ce faisant, ses particules sont orientées conformément à leur charge, où les particules sont chargées additionnellement en impulsions de tension, caractérisé en ce que par les impulsions de tension, l'ordre à brève distance des particules est détruit, où les particules du fluide (9) sont amenées par les impulsions de tension en une oscillation de résonance et ensuite, dans les pauses entre les impulsions ou à l'extérieur du générateur de chaleur (1), la recombinaison de l'ordre à brève distance est rendue possible, où de l'énergie thermique est libérée respectivement produite.
  37. Procédé selon la revendication 36, caractérisé en ce que les impulsions de tension sont utilisées avec un flanc antérieur abrupt.
  38. Procédé selon la revendication 37, caractérisé en ce que des impulsions au moins approximativement rectangulaires sont utilisées.
  39. Procédé selon la revendication 37, caractérisé en ce que des impulsions au moins approximativement triangulaires sont utilisées.
  40. Procédé selon la revendication 36 ou 37, caractérisé en ce que les impulsions de tension avec un flanc arrière plat au moins dans le tiers inférieur sont utilisées.
  41. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 36 à 40, caractérisé en ce que comme fluide (9), de l'eau est utilisée.
  42. Procédé selon la revendication 41, caractérisé en ce que l'eau est mélangée avec une lessive.
  43. Procédé selon la revendication 42, caractérisé en ce que la lessive est sélectionnée d'un groupe comprenant la lessive de soude, la lessive de potasse, l'hydroxyde de calcium, le carbonate de calcium.
  44. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 36 à 43, caractérisé en ce que le fluide (9) est utilisé avec une valeur pH, sélectionnée d'une plage avec une limite inférieure de 7,1 et une limite supérieure de 14.
  45. Procédé selon la revendication 44, caractérisé en ce que le fluide (9) est utilisé avec une valeur pH, sélectionnée d'une plage avec une limite inférieure de 9 et une limite supérieure de 12.
  46. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 36 à 45, caractérisé en ce que les particules du fluide (9), avant l'entrée dans le générateur de chaleur (1), sont pré-ordonnés à l'aide d'un rayonnement énergétique.
  47. Procédé selon la revendication 46, caractérisé en ce que les particules du fluide (9) sont au moins approximativement linéarisées.
  48. Procédé selon la revendication 46 ou 47, caractérisé en ce que comme rayonnement énergétique, un rayonnement monochromatique hautement énergétique est utilisé.
  49. Procédé selon la revendication 48, caractérisé en ce que comme rayonnement monochromatique, hautement énergétique, un rayonnement laser est utilisé.
  50. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 36 à 49, caractérisé en ce que le fluide (9) est guidé en cycle.
  51. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 36 à 50, caractérisé en ce que le fluide (9), à la suite du générateur de chaleur (1), est amené à un échangeur de chaleur.
  52. Procédé selon la revendication 51, caractérisé en ce qu'un radiateur pour le chauffage d'une pièce est utilisé comme échangeur de chaleur.
EP05731926A 2005-04-15 2005-04-15 Generateur de chaleur Expired - Lifetime EP1875140B1 (fr)

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CA2642277A1 (fr) 2006-10-19
CN101208565B (zh) 2012-01-04
US8565588B2 (en) 2013-10-22
CN101208565A (zh) 2008-06-25
EP1875140A1 (fr) 2008-01-09
WO2006108198A1 (fr) 2006-10-19
JP5001259B2 (ja) 2012-08-15
JP2008536080A (ja) 2008-09-04
US20090263113A1 (en) 2009-10-22

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