EP1900491A2 - Procédé et presse pour produire des corps moulés - Google Patents

Procédé et presse pour produire des corps moulés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1900491A2
EP1900491A2 EP07016566A EP07016566A EP1900491A2 EP 1900491 A2 EP1900491 A2 EP 1900491A2 EP 07016566 A EP07016566 A EP 07016566A EP 07016566 A EP07016566 A EP 07016566A EP 1900491 A2 EP1900491 A2 EP 1900491A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filling
molding compound
mold
tool
segments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07016566A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1900491A3 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Müller
Ralph Lutz
Alfred Dr. Rer. Nat. Kaiser
Robert Kremer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Laeis GmbH
Original Assignee
Laeis GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Laeis GmbH filed Critical Laeis GmbH
Publication of EP1900491A2 publication Critical patent/EP1900491A2/fr
Publication of EP1900491A3 publication Critical patent/EP1900491A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/023—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo by using a feed box transferring the moulding material from a hopper to the moulding cavities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/0225—Feeding specific quantities of material at specific locations in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/30—Feeding material to presses
    • B30B15/302—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses
    • B30B15/304—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses by using feed frames or shoes with relative movement with regard to the mould or moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a given thickness profile having moldings or compacts in which a filling tool of a filling device filled with a molding compound and the molding compound is discharged in the direction of gravity from the filling tool in a mold of a press, and a press for performing such methods ,
  • the filling tool serves to deliver as precisely as possible to the molding of the molding with the predetermined thickness profile molding compound in the mold. It should be ensured that results in the subsequent pressing a homogeneous density of the molding.
  • the loading of the mold with the molding compound should be rapid, d. H. in the pressing cycle, take place and be as easy as possible to handle.
  • the filling tool is filled, for example, with the right amount of molding compound, driven over the mold and emptied the molding compound into the mold.
  • the filling tool may have a deductible in the horizontal direction bottom plate, which holds the molding compound before dispensing and the withdrawal of the molding compound is effected in the mold by its removal.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method of the type mentioned, with a more homogeneous after the pressing process density distribution is achieved in the pressed molding.
  • the size of the surface units on which different Preßmassenmengen must be provided depends strongly on the size and geometry of the molding itself and on the properties of the molding compound. Of particular importance in this context is the ability of the molding compound to allow, to some extent by plastic flow under pressure, mass displacements transverse to the direction of compression.
  • the size of the surface units or reference surface elements to be considered is on the order of about 10 cm 2 to about 100 cm 2 .
  • a volumetric mold filling In press molding with a uniaxially operating press for the production of moldings, regardless of whether the press is designed for one-sided or two-sided pressing, usually a volumetric mold filling is used.
  • the cavity or mold is filled by the mold is run over with a filling tool in which, based on the total mass required for the respective pressing, there is an excess of molding compound.
  • the volume By lowering the lower punch or lifting the mold laterally limiting the mold frame of the press on an adjustable Filling position, the volume is defined, which is filled by the transferred from the filling tool mass.
  • the transfer can be done both by dropping into the already open cavity or mold, as well as by "sucking" filling, in which the cavity or mold is opened only when the filling tool is positioned over the mold. Excess mass is stripped during retraction of the filling tool so that the upper boundary surface of the received in the mold molding compound is aligned with the mold frame and a smooth Preßmassenober Designs arises.
  • the o. G. Problem solved by a development of the known method which is characterized essentially in that the molding compound is held by suction in the filling tool and their delivery is effected in the mold by reducing the suction force.
  • the inventive mechanism for transferring the molding compound is advantageous in that no mechanical opening of a filling surface must be made, such as the above-mentioned removal of the bottom plate of the filling tool.
  • the necessary suction force or the production of a necessary pressure gradient for the suction can in a simple manner z. B. be effected by a (vacuum) pump of any design. It is sufficient for most applications already a pressure drop of about 200 to 300 mbar that the molding compound is securely held in the filling tool due to the thus caused, the molding compound flowing through the air stream. The dropping is then in a very simple manner by reducing the suction, for example by switching off a suction generating pump, effected.
  • Particularly advantageous method of the invention is used when at least two in a direction perpendicular to the direction of gravity direction juxtaposed segments of the mold according to the predetermined thickness profile to be loaded with different Preßmassenmengen, ie in particular caused by complex shaped body geometries uneven thickness profiles.
  • the juxtaposed segments of the mold corresponding, juxtaposed segments of the filling tool are filled according to the predetermined thickness profile with different Preßmassenmengen.
  • This advantageous process design is based on the simple knowledge that the distribution of the molding compound in the mold then required can be ensured even if this distribution is not only in the mold itself, but already in the filling, because by the inventive transfer of molding compound from the filling tool in the mold a significant change in Preßmassenver whatsoever is no longer to get.
  • this process design therefore, the otherwise required use of sub-stamping of the mold divided into a plurality of juxtaposed segments can be dispensed with, and the press suitable for carrying out such processes is significantly simplified.
  • a high operational reliability can be achieved because neither an uneven, in particular unbalanced load of the mold nor an excessive load movable segments of the lower punch of the mold are to be obtained.
  • An asymmetrical loading of the mold can be prevented, because such a Preßmassenver whatsoever is ensured in the mold by appropriate filling of the filling tool and inventive transfer of the molding compound from the filling tool into the mold, that it is not uneven in the production of moldings with complex thickness profile or unbalanced load on the mold comes.
  • the use of high pressure loaded movable segments of the lower punch of the die may be dispensed with, which also contributes to increasing operational reliability.
  • the reduction of the suction force in the individual juxtaposed segments of the filling tool takes place at least partially offset in time. So z. B. segments in which significantly more molding compound is present than in other segments, earlier than this are released, so that a more uniform filling of the mold is made possible.
  • the time offset is controlled in dependence on the expected for the recorded in the respective segment of the filling mold Preßmassenmenge fall time for their case in the respective corresponding segment of the mold.
  • the filling of the mold takes place through the same opening through which the delivery of the molding compound takes place in the mold. So remains on the side facing away from the mold of the mold enough space for a structurally simple coupling of the intake.
  • the filling tool is brought into the dispensing orientation to be taken for dispensing the molding compound only after filling and filling takes place at a filling orientation of the filling tool that is essentially rotated by 180 ° relative to the dispensing orientation, ie from above.
  • an additional step is accepted in order to allow easy filling from the top. The time involved is, however, justifiable, since the process can take place outside the working cycle of the press.
  • the molding compound from a filling container is filled in the filling tool so that the respect to the filling orientation upper boundary surface of the received in the filling compound molding compound with respect to the filling orientation upper edge of the filling tool is aligned, wherein the Preßmassenmengen arranged in the juxtaposed Automatically result in segments of the filling tool due to a respective ground leveling of the mold.
  • the Preßmassenmengen arranged in the juxtaposed Automatically result in segments of the filling tool due to a respective ground leveling of the mold.
  • the filling container is withdrawn for adjusting the filling level in the horizontal direction of the filling tool.
  • the exactylonpreßmasse must be respected to the effect that even an excess of molding compound in the filling tool can be filled, since exactly the excess mass is then stripped off.
  • the filling of the pressing tool, in particular with multi-layer structured molding compound carried out such that the filling tool engages in the ready for dispensing the molding compound dispensing orientation in a prepared Preßmassen Design. That is, the filling tool is not turned over and filled from above, but filled from below.
  • the filling tool which is particularly advantageously designed as a knife box, are placed in a thickness of already prepared molding compound or intervene, after which the suction causes and the filling tool together with molding compound can be moved to the delivery position.
  • a press for carrying out these methods is characterized by a filling mold designed for receiving molding compound and a filling device for filling the mold and a filling device for discharging the molding compound in the direction of gravity operable filling tool in that the filling device can be operated by suction of the molding compound by means of a suction device for holding the molding compound in the filling tool.
  • juxtaposed segments of the mold can be loaded according to a predetermined thickness profile of a molded body with different Preßmassenmengen, and the filling device is for filling the juxtaposed segments of the mold corresponding segments of the filling designed according to the predetermined thickness profile with different Preßmassenmengen in a arranged in the horizontal direction at a distance next to the mold filling station of the filling device.
  • the filling tool has a housing in which segments are arranged next to one another and are separated from one another by preferably approximately vertical partitions.
  • the filling tool has a receiving region, which is arranged at the bottom in relation to the delivery of the molding compound, for receiving the molding compound, which is bounded upwardly by an air-permeable bottom region. That is, the recording area represents the Area of the filling tool that corresponds to the classic filling shoe.
  • the air-permeable bottom region allows air flow through the molding compound received in the molding compound on the other side of the floor area.
  • the bottom area is leveled so that the Preßmassenmengen recorded in the respective segments correspond to the in each associated segments of the mold to be loaded Preßmassenmengen when the receiving area is filled to the lower with respect to the dispensing orientation of the molding tool.
  • the leveling of the bottom area corresponds to the thickness profile of the shaped body to be produced or the mirror-inverted density profile, depending on the point of view.
  • the bottom portion has a screen with a mesh size such that it is substantially impermeable to the molding compound. So it can be prevented that molding compound enters the intake mechanism, which would affect its functionality.
  • the mesh size of the screen in the range of 0.1 to 200 .mu.m, preferably 1 to 50 .mu.m and in particular 5 to 20 microns, is located.
  • the bottom region has a perforated plate.
  • the perforated plate should be strong enough to fulfill in the filling orientation of the mold, the necessary carrying function.
  • the perforated plate is a simple and inexpensive solution for the floor area. The holes are used for air flow (see above), but in the case of using a sieve must have no retention function for the Preßmassenteilchen.
  • the bottom area / the perforated plate is (are) formed as a free-form surface.
  • the receiving area has a filling grid which subdivides the receiving area / segments at least partially and in the horizontal direction.
  • guides for the falling compact are provided on an even smaller scale, so that they mix again when falling down less.
  • a negative pressure region lying above the bottom region relative to the dispensing orientation is provided in the filling tool, which is connected to the suction device for producing the pressure gradient necessary for suction relative to the atmospheric pressure.
  • the production of the pressure gradient in individual segments of the negative pressure region is separately controllable, and a control device is provided for the control thereof.
  • a control device is provided for the control thereof.
  • staggered control of the individual segments of the negative pressure region vacuum chambers.
  • the separate controllability is possible, for example, that air is sucked from each of the vacuum chambers via a separate line and the individual lines can be throttled or interrupted independently by respective valves.
  • control unit is designed to calculate falling times of the molding compound from the individual segments of the filling tool into the corresponding segments of the mold.
  • control unit can be provided with information about the structure, the thickness profile of the press mold and / or the respective filling level of the filling tool.
  • the press further comprises a filling station for filling the filling tool with a positioning device for positioning the filling tool for filling in a dispensing orientation substantially rotated by 180 ° filling orientation and for positioning the filling tool in the dispensing orientation for the subsequent delivery of the molding compound intended.
  • a filling station for filling the filling tool with a positioning device for positioning the filling tool for filling in a dispensing orientation substantially rotated by 180 ° filling orientation and for positioning the filling tool in the dispensing orientation for the subsequent delivery of the molding compound intended.
  • the press according to the invention shown in Fig. 2 (for example for the production of bricks shown in Fig. 3) comprises a lower die 12, a filling tool 20, a filling station indicated generally at 50 and a conveying assembly for the molding compound indicated generally at 70.
  • a mold 14 is formed, which can be filled with the aid of the filling tool 20 provided with by the conveyor 70 molding compound.
  • a filling container 72 can be moved horizontally to and fro, as indicated by the double arrow 74.
  • the filling tool 20 is filled in Befulungsorienttechnik in the spaced apart from the mold 14 filling station 50 with the provided by the conveyor assembly 70 molding compound. Then, a pump 40 is controlled by the control device 60 for creating a pressure gradient between the opening 8 and the intermediate bottom of the filling tool 20 (see FIG. 2). For this purpose, the pump 40 is connected to the filling tool 20 via in Fig. 1 indicated as dashed lines 41. Now, with the suction of the molding compound, the filling tool 20 of the positioning device 30 by 180 ° be turned into the dispensing position. In this case, a drop of the molding compound is prevented by the suction to the filling tool 20.
  • the filling tool 20 is moved in the dispensing orientation on the die 14 and the weight received in the filling tool 20 discharged in the direction of gravity in the die 14 by, as explained in more detail below, the suction force is turned off, so that the molding compound as usual under the influence of gravity falls into the mold.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the suction mechanism for sucking the molding compound.
  • the filling tool 20 has as a frame structure a housing 7 and is in the discharge position shown in Fig. 2 at its lower boundary surface 8, here shown in cross-section as a solid line 8, opened.
  • the interior of the housing 7 is divided in both horizontal and vertical respects.
  • the subdivision essential for the intake mechanism according to the invention is achieved by means of an intermediate bottom, which consists of the perforated plate 2 and the sieve 3.
  • the intermediate bottom does not have to run on a uniform level over the entire filling tool 20, but instead may have different levels of segmenting (or may be formed completely as a free-form surface, see below).
  • the interior of the housing 7 is separated into a lower receiving area for receiving the molding compound 5 and in an upper negative pressure region 1.
  • the receiving area can be filled with molding compound, for example, by a filling container 72 (Fig. 1) the receiving area charged with molding compound and then abstreift the over the surface 8 protruding molding compound.
  • the volume of the receiving space 8 should thus correspond substantially to the total amount of pressed mass required for the production of the shaped body.
  • the mesh size of the screen 3 is in this embodiment about 10 microns, but is basically variable, as long as it is ensured that substantially no Preßmassenteilchen can pass through the sieve 3.
  • the pump can be turned off in the simplest case. Then, the pressure gradient builds up almost immediately, and the molding compound 5 falls as desired from the receiving space in the underlying mold 14 (see Fig. 1).
  • the suction power of the pump could also be ramped down to zero at a predetermined rate. Then, the pressure gradient forms more slowly, and the molding compound 5 gradually falls into the underlying mold 14th
  • segments or chambers 24 are defined in the housing 7, the corresponding segments of the mold 14 can be assigned or are formed such that a suitable assignment of the segments is possible.
  • the perforated plate 2 serving as the main body of the false bottom can now be designed in such a way that at least partially different filling heights of the corresponding segment of the receiving area result for the illustrated different segments 24a, b and c. In Fig. 2, three different filling heights h a , h b and h c are shown.
  • the heights h are chosen so that the product of the height and the corresponding horizontal cross section of corresponding segment results in a Preßmassenvolumen, which is correlated according to a predetermined thickness profile of the manufactured compact with the required in the corresponding segment of the die 14 Preßmassenmenge.
  • the leveling of the false bottom is chosen so that the respective different masses of molding compound required at the individual points of the mold are provided substantially in advance in the filling tool 20.
  • the intermediate bottom is formed like a step.
  • the perforated plate 2 is formed as a freeform surface, which simulates a correspondingly complex thickness profile of the molded body (curved surface) substantially continuously.
  • the required Preßformmasse is provided appropriately on an even smaller scale.
  • the filling heights h differ to a greater extent and in particular abruptly, mixing may be reduced as the suction force across the entire mold is reduced, since the possibility exists, due to different falling times of different molding compound areas, that the previously selected mass of compressive material will be distributed upon impact the molding compound 5 is changed to the mold 14 by horizontal Preßmassenteilchenière.
  • the Preßmassenmengen 5 contained in the individual segments 24 can be output from the mold 20 timed controlled.
  • the individual vacuum chambers 1a, b and c or the air suction can be separated from them (on) controlled / can.
  • a part of the segments 24 or all segments 24 have an at least separately interruptible line to the pump 40.
  • a fine control of the dropping of the molding compound 5 from a segment 24 of the molding tool 20 can be effected by a specifically controlled reduction of the suction force by effectively reducing the suction power for the corresponding segment 24.
  • the regions of the receiving area assigned to the segments can still be further subdivided by a filling grid 6. This will be disturbing horizontal pulses of Preßmassenteilchen when falling down at least further limited.
  • a typical shaped article to be produced is subdivided into individual adjacent segments having predetermined surfaces, wherein for each of the segments, a value determined by the profile of the shaped article and the surfaces is determined for the molding compound.
  • a brick is subdivided into a total of 18 segments with areas A 1 to A 18 , to each of which a mass molding weight G 1 to G 18 is assigned.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the arrangement of the partition walls 22 (corresponding to the partitions 4 in Fig. 2) in a filling tool 20 is shown, which is adapted to the illustrated in Fig. 3 division of the brick.
  • the filling tool 20 is constructed as schematically illustrated in Fig. 2, but with Fig. 4 (not shown inventive intake mechanism) only a realistic picture of a possible or necessary subdivision of the molding 20 are taught.
  • the leveling of the intermediate bottom (perforated plate 2) is determined in this example by the filling mass weight G 1 to G 18 required for the individual segments of the brick.
  • the molding compound is filled with a filled with excess molding compound filling container (72 in Fig. 1) in the individual segments of the filling tool 20 and excess material by horizontal movement of the filling container with respect to the filling tool from the upper edge (in the Filling orientation) of the filling tool, and the stripped material is fed by means of a conveyor belt 76 back to the conveyor assembly 70 and can be conveyed to the filling station 50 for the production of subsequent moldings or bricks.
  • the press according to the invention is also particularly suitable for the production of moldings having a layer structure of two or more layers of different starting molding material.
  • the conventional filling of filling tools is particularly complicated.
  • the filling tool may be suitably designed as a knife box, d. H. the edges of the side walls of the housing 7 facing the opening surface 8 (in FIG. 2), the partitions 4 and / or the filling grid 6 are formed as cutting edges.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
EP07016566A 2006-09-14 2007-08-23 Procédé et presse pour produire des corps moulés Withdrawn EP1900491A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006043270A DE102006043270A1 (de) 2006-09-14 2006-09-14 Verfahren und Presse zum Herstellen von Formkörpern

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1900491A2 true EP1900491A2 (fr) 2008-03-19
EP1900491A3 EP1900491A3 (fr) 2010-10-06

Family

ID=38894109

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07016566A Withdrawn EP1900491A3 (fr) 2006-09-14 2007-08-23 Procédé et presse pour produire des corps moulés

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20080067707A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1900491A3 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008068625A (fr)
DE (1) DE102006043270A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106042165A (zh) * 2016-07-26 2016-10-26 福建海源自动化机械股份有限公司 一种透水砖制造设备

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JP7265761B2 (ja) * 2019-05-09 2023-04-27 高千穂シラス株式会社 成形品の成形方法
CN110281349A (zh) * 2019-07-16 2019-09-27 马志久 一种空心砌块成型设备及成型方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106042165A (zh) * 2016-07-26 2016-10-26 福建海源自动化机械股份有限公司 一种透水砖制造设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080067707A1 (en) 2008-03-20
EP1900491A3 (fr) 2010-10-06
DE102006043270A1 (de) 2008-03-27
JP2008068625A (ja) 2008-03-27

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