EP1902965B1 - Verfahren zum Zusammensetzen eines Verschlusses für einen Behälter und zugehöriger Verschluss - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Zusammensetzen eines Verschlusses für einen Behälter und zugehöriger Verschluss Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1902965B1
EP1902965B1 EP07425314A EP07425314A EP1902965B1 EP 1902965 B1 EP1902965 B1 EP 1902965B1 EP 07425314 A EP07425314 A EP 07425314A EP 07425314 A EP07425314 A EP 07425314A EP 1902965 B1 EP1902965 B1 EP 1902965B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
collar
cutting element
cap
closing device
teeth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07425314A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1902965A1 (de
Inventor
Stefano Gabrielli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ipi SRL
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Ipi SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ipi SRL filed Critical Ipi SRL
Priority to DE602007007412T priority Critical patent/DE602007007412D1/de
Priority to ES07425314T priority patent/ES2348054T3/es
Priority to EP07425314A priority patent/EP1902965B1/de
Priority to AT07425314T priority patent/ATE472482T1/de
Publication of EP1902965A1 publication Critical patent/EP1902965A1/de
Priority to PCT/IB2008/001183 priority patent/WO2008142507A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1902965B1 publication Critical patent/EP1902965B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
    • B65D5/72—Contents-dispensing means
    • B65D5/74—Spouts
    • B65D5/746—Spouts formed separately from the container
    • B65D5/747—Spouts formed separately from the container with means for piercing or cutting the container wall or a membrane connected to said wall

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for assembling a closing device for a container according to the preamble of claim 1, which is suitable to contain pourable products, and to a related closing device.
  • the method of the present invention relates to the assembly of a closing device for a container, for example of the multilayer type, which comprises a collar associable with a pierceable portion of said container, a cap associable with the outer surface of the collar and a cutting element movable, when the device is assembled, inside the collar, along a guide, for example of the helical type.
  • the cutting element is also provided with a plurality of teeth to sever said pierceable portion of the container, when it is operated.
  • the closing device described in EP 1088764 B1 comprises operating means for said cutting element used during opening of the container.
  • These operating elements comprise four ribs projecting internally from said cap and engageable between the seats defined by the same number of ribs positioned on the cutting element.
  • the thrust operations that take place during assembly of the closing device besides the one mentioned previously between collar and cutting element, comprise a second thrust operation that takes place only after cap and preassembled body have been suitably oriented, and which is performed to connect the cap to the collar, inside which the cutting element is already present.
  • WO-A-2007/051328 discloses a method for assembling a closing device which comprises the steps defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for assembling a closing device, wherein most of the method steps are executed simultaneously.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for assembling a closing device which is simple to implement, and which allows the number of thrust operations required to be reduced.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for assembling a device that allows elimination of the step to orient the cap and the cutting element with respect to each other.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a closing device which makes it possible to implement the above method.
  • the operating means comprise at least one rib, angularly limited and projecting internally from said cap, and which is engageable in at least one corresponding seat defined on the cutting element, or vice versa.
  • said operating means comprise at least six ribs projecting internally from said cap, which are disposed in symmetrical radial positions and which are engageable with seats defined by the same number of ribs placed on said cutting element.
  • the interval of free rotation is without doubt below 60°, as each rib has non negligible transverse dimensions.
  • the transverse dimensions of the ribs and/or increasing the number thereof, for example up to eight ribs it is possible to further reduce free rotation between cap and cutting element, taking the interval of free rotation to below 45°.
  • the cap can comprises thrust means which, during assembly of the closing device, thrust the cutting element evenly against the collar to sever the breakable connection means.
  • These thrust means can also comprise an inner cylindrical ring, preferably provided with a groove for coupling with said cutting element on the opposite side to said plurality of teeth. In this way the thrust between cap and cutting element takes place evenly and so that the cutting element and the cap are centred with each other for the entire thrusting step.
  • the thrust means are couplable laterally with a seal element disposed on the inner surface of said collar, so that, once the container has been opened and the cap associated with the collar, its content remains substantially fluidly separated from the outside environment.
  • said device comprises means to limit free rotation between said cap and said cutting element, as a result during said step a) said preassembled body and said cap are already reciprocally positioned in an angularly disengaged (i.e. angularly free) manner with respect to each other. In this way the step of orienting first the cap and then the preassembled body normally performed in prior art closing devices, is no longer necessary, with a consequent reduction in the production times of this device.
  • the closing device 1, constrainable to a container 2 for pourable products at a pierceable portion 3 thereof, comprises a collar 4 associable with said pierceable portion 3 by means of a flange 11 disposed on the lower base surface 12, a cap 20 associable with the collar 4 on the outer surface 21 thereof, and a cutting element 5, disposed inside said collar 4 and constrained thereto through guide means 6 interposed between said cutting element 5 and said collar 4.
  • These guide means 6 can for example be of the screw/nut thread or similar type, to perform, when operated, a helical movement between the cutting element 5 and the collar 4.
  • This cutting element 5 is provided with a plurality of teeth 7 to sever said pierceable portion 3.
  • the cutting element 5 is moulded in one piece with said collar 4, to form a preassembled body 8, wherein said plurality of teeth 7 is oriented in the direction of the lower base 12 of said collar 4, and wherein said cutting element 5 and said collar 4 are joined, in said preassembled body 8, through breakable connection means 10.
  • Figure 1 shows the position of the cutting element 5 with respect to the collar 4 at the end of moulding of the two components in a single preassembled body 8.
  • the cutting element 5 is positioned on the upper base surface 13 of the collar 4, opposite the flange 11, and is connected through connection means 10, such as bridges, which are flush with the upper surface 13 of the collar 4.
  • the teeth 27 of the plurality of teeth 7 of the cutting element are inside the preassembled body 8 and oriented in the direction of the lower base 12, projecting in said preassembled body 8, inside said collar 4. It must be observed that although in the above there has been described a closing device 1 wherein the plurality of teeth 7 is oriented only towards the lower base 12, an embodiment wherein the plurality of teeth 7 is oriented towards both the base surfaces 12 and 13 of the collar 4 is nonetheless still included in the scope of protection of the present invention. In this latter case (not shown) the teeth are outside the collar 4, but inside the preassembled body 8 and oriented towards the two bases 12 and 13 of this collar 4.
  • the position of the plurality of teeth 7 of the cutting element 5 with respect to the collar 4 allows a reciprocal thrust to be applied between the cutting element 5 and the collar 4 without requiring to take into account either the point in which the thrust force is applied or the intensity of the force.
  • said plurality of teeth 7 is not directly subject to any thrust force, as it is always inside the preassembled body 8.
  • the closing device 1 can also comprise operating means 30 for said cutting element 5.
  • Said operating means 30 of the helical type are provided with two parts 32 and 34, reciprocally engageable, and respective integral with said cap 20 and with said cutting element 5, which engage with each other, at least during the opening step of the device, when the cap 20 is opened.
  • these operating means 30 are structured to limit the relative free rotation between said cap 20 and said cutting element 5. In this way, during assembly of the cap 20 to the preassembled body 8 it is no longer necessary to orient the cap 20 in relation to the preassembled body 8, and vice versa. In fact, these operating means 30 prevent free rotation between cap 20 and cutting element 5 from exceeding a predefined interval of rotation ranging from 0° to 60°, preferable from 0° to 45°. In this way whatever the position between cap 20 and cutting element 5 their reciprocal orientation remains guaranteed without doubt, with a maximum rotation error of 60°, or of 45°.
  • the operating means 30 comprise six ribs 32 projecting internally from said cap 20, and disposed in symmetrical radial positions. These ribs 32 are engageable with seats 33 defined by the same number of ribs 34 positioned on said cutting element 5, on the inner surface 50 thereof.
  • each rib 32 has non negligible transverse dimensions.
  • the cap 20 can comprise thrust means 40 which, during assembly of the closing device 1, thrust the cutting element 5 directly against the collar 4 to sever the breakable connection means 10.
  • These thrust means 40 comprise an inner cylindrical ring provided with a groove 42 for coupling with said cutting element 5 on the opposite side 43 to the one on which said plurality of teeth 7 is disposed. In this way the thrust between cap 4 and cutting element 5 takes place evenly and so that the cutting element 5 and the cap 20 are centred with each other for the entire thrust step.
  • the breakable connection means 10 remain integral with the cutting element 5 and facilitate centring of the cutting element with respect to the collar 4 for the entire insertion step of the former inside the latter.
  • connection means 10 are advantageously engaged as means to block the position of the cutting element 5 with respect to the collar 4, when the cutting element 5, forced by the cap 4 to travel a helical trajectory along said guide means 6, ends its stroke.
  • connection means 10 engage with a click in a suitable seat (not shown here), disposed in the inner surface of the collar 4, and suitable to stop any travel of the cutting element 5 in the opposite direction each time the cap is rotated to close the container 2.
  • the thrust means 40 after completing their thrust function, are couplable laterally with a seal element 45, disposed on the inner surface of said collar 4, so that the connection between cap 20 and collar 4, once the container 2 has been opened, and maintaining the cap in the closed position, is substantially sealed to fluidly separate the inside of the container 2 from the outside environment.
  • the ribs 32 of said operating means 30 are moulded together with a core 35 tapered to guarantee higher inertia at the inner base 200 of the cap 20 and lower inertia at the free end 201 of the core 35.
  • the rib 32 is slightly deformed against the seat 38, opposite the aforesaid seat 33, thus allowing the cap 20 to disengage from the cutting element 5 preventing this from being drawn upwards.
  • the cap 20 is provided with an annular safety tab 70 disposed at the lower base 71 thereof and moulded together with the cap 20 in one piece. Connection between the tab 70 and the cap 20 is obtained through second breakable connection means 72, of the bridge type, which are broken when the cap 20 is opened for the first time. Following opening of the cap 20, the safety tab 70 remains constrained to the collar 4, to show that the container 2 has been used.
  • the closing device 1 comprises second operating means which comprise a plurality of second ribs 81 projecting internally from said tab 70, and disposed in symmetrical radial positions. These second ribs 81 are engageable with seats 82 defined by the same number of ribs 83 positioned on said collar 4, on the outside surface 21 thereof.
  • the number of these second operating means 80 is the same as or greater than the number of ribs 32 on the cap 20, to prevent the tab 70 from rotating freely with respect to the collar 4 by a greater angle of rotation than the one through which the cap 20 rotates with respect to the cutting element 5. This measure allows elimination of the operation to orient the cap 20 in relation to the collar 4.
  • the method for assembling a closing device 1 is defined in claim 1.
  • the method for assembly of a closing device 1 also comprises the step e) of stably associating said cap 20 with said collar 4. This step is simultaneous to said steps from b) to d), during which said cap 20 reciprocally thrusts said cutting element 5 against said collar 4.
  • the thrust applied by the cap 20 against the preassembled body 8 alone allows breakage of the breakable connections 10, insertion of the cutting element 5 inside the collar 4, engaging of the cutting element 5 with said collar 4, through the aforesaid guide means 6, and coupling of the cap 20 with the collar 4. Therefore, with respect to prior art assembly methods, two thrusts are no longer applied to assemble the closing device, i.e. one to break the breakable connections 10 and the other to connect the cap 20 to the collar 4, but only one thrust capable alone, without requiring modifications to the number or the shape of the plurality of teeth, of allowing assembly of this closing device 1.
  • said device 1 comprises operating means 30 suitable to limit free rotation between said cap 20 and said cutting element 5
  • said preassembled body 8 and said cap 20 are already reciprocally positioned in an angularly disengaged manner with respect to each other. In this way the step of orienting first the cap 20 and then the preassembled body 8 is no longer necessary, with a great reduction in the production times of the closing device 1 and considerably simplification of the assembly systems.
  • Figure 7 shows a device 100 for assembly of the closing device 1 according to the invention.
  • This device comprises a supporting base 101, structured to house the preassembled body 8 at the flange 11, and a pusher 103 structured to couple with the cap 20 so as to thrust it downward to obtain assembly of the closing device 1.
  • this assembly device comprises means for reciprocal translation only, without any need to allow reciprocal rotation movements.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Closing Of Containers (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zum Zusammensetzen einer Verschlussvorrichtung (1) zum Einsetzen an einem durchstoßbaren Teil eines Behälters (2) für gießbare Güter, wobei die Verschlussvorrichtung einen dem durchstoßbaren Teil zuordbaren Kragen (4) umfasst, sowie einen der äußeren Oberfläche (21) des Kragens (4) zuordbaren Deckel (20) und ein Schneidelement (5), welches, wenn die Vorrichtung zusammengesetzt wurde, innerhalb des Kragens (4) auf eine durch Führungsmittel (6), die zwischen dem Schneidelement (5) und dem Kragen (4) eingesetzt sind, eingeschränkte Weise bewegbar ist, wobei das Schneidelement (5) um den durchstoßbaren Teil zu durchstoßen eine Vielzahl von Zähnen (7) aufweist, das Schneidelement (5) einstückig mit dem Kragen (4) geformt ist, um so einen vormontierten Körper (8) zu bilden, die Vielzahl an Zähnen (7) in Richtung wenigstens einer Basis (12, 13) des Kragens (4) orientiert sind, das Schneidelement (5) und der Kragen (4) miteinander durch zerbrechbare Verbindungsmittel (10) in dem vormontierten Körper miteinander verbunden sind und in der vormontierten Konfiguration desselben, dieses Verfahren zum Zusammensetzen die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    a) Anordnen des vormontierten Körpers (8) und der Kappe (20), so dass diese wechselseitig aneinander gekoppelt sind;
    b) Bewirken der Abtrennung des Schneidelements (5) von dem Kragen (4);
    c) Einführen des Schneidelements (5) in den Kragen (4);
    d) Bewirken des wechselseitigen Eingriffs des Schneidelements (5) mit dem Kragen (4) durch die Führungsmittel;
    die Schritte b) bis d) werden als einzelner Vorgang durchgeführt, bei dem das Schneidelement (5) gegen den Kragen geschoben wird oder vice versa, wobei das Verfahren ferner den Schritt e) des festen Verbindens der Kappe (20) mit dem Kragen (4) umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt e) gleichzeitig mit den Schritten b) bis d) erfolgt und somit die Kappe das Schneidelement und den Kragen gegeneinander schiebt.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Stellung, bei der der vormontierte Körper und die Kappe wechselseitig nach Schritt a) aneinander gekoppelt sind, der vormontierte Körper und die Kappe nicht drehfest zueinander angeordnet sind.
  3. Verschlussvorrichtung (1) zum Einsetzen in einem durchstoßbaren Teil eines Behälters (2) für gießbare Güter, zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Verschlussvorrichtung einen dem durchstoßbaren Teil zuordbaren Kragen (4) umfasst, sowie eine der äußeren Oberfläche (21) des Kragens (4) zuordbare Kappe (20) und ein Schneidelement (5), welches, wenn die Vorrichtung zusammengesetzt ist, innerhalb des Kragens (4) auf eine durch Führungsmittel (6), die zwischen dem Schneidelement (5) und dem Kragen (4) eingesetzt sind, eingeschränkte Weise bewegbar ist, wobei das Schneidelement (5) zum Durchstoßen des durchstoßbaren Teils eine Vielzahl von Zähnen (7) aufweist, das Schneidelement (5) einstückig mit dem Kragen (4) geformt ist, um so einen vormontierten Körper (8) zu bilden, die Vielzahl von Zähnen (7) in Richtung von wenigstens einer Basis (12, 13) des Kragens (4) ausgerichtet sind, das Schneidelement (5) und der Kragen (4) miteinander durch zerbrechbare Verbindungsmittel (10) in dem vormontierten Körper verbunden sind, die Verschlussvorrichtung ferner Betriebsmittel (30) für das Schneidelement umfasst, die mit wenigstens zwei Teilen (33, 34) wechselseitig in Eingriff bringbar ausgestattet sind und entsprechend mit der Kappe (20) und dem Schneidelement (5) eine Einheit bilden, und die Verschlussvorrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Betriebsmittel so ausgebildet sind, dass sie bei Überschreiten eines von 0° bis 60° reichenden Drehintervalls die freie relative Drehbewegung zwischen der Kappe (20) und dem Schneidelement (5) begrenzen.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betriebsmittel (30) wenigstens eine Rippe (32) umfassen, die mit einem entsprechenden Auflager (33) winkelbegrenzt in Eingriff bringbar ist, wobei die wenigstens eine Rippe (32) sich innen von der Kappe (20) fortsetzt und der wenigstens eine Auflager (33) auf dem Schneidelement (5) festgelegt ist, oder vice versa.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Betriebsmittel wenigstens sechs Rippen (32) umfassen, die sich innen von der Kappe (20) fortsetzen und mit Auflagern (33), die festgelegt durch die gleiche Zahl an Rippen (32) an dem Schneidelement (5) platziert sind, in Eingriff bringbar sind, wobei die Rippen auf radial symmetrischen Positionen angeordnet sind.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Führungsmittel (6) spiralförmig sind.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Führungsmittel Schrauben und Muttergewinde aufweisen.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kappe Schubmittel (40) für das Schneidelement (5) wenigstens während der Schritte des Zusammenbaus der Verschlussvorrichtung umfasst.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schubmittel einen inneren zylindrischen Ring umfassen.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schubmittel eine Nut (42) zum Ankoppeln an der der Vielzahl an Zähnen (7) gegenüberliegenden Seite (43) des Schneidelements (5) umfasst.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schubmittel (40) seitlich an ein Dichtelement (45), welches an der inneren Oberfläche des Kragens (4) angeordnet ist, gekoppelt sind.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Vielzahl an Zähnen (7) des Schneidelements (5) sich in den vormontierten Körper, wenigstens teilweise innerhalb des Kragens erstrecken.
EP07425314A 2007-05-23 2007-05-23 Verfahren zum Zusammensetzen eines Verschlusses für einen Behälter und zugehöriger Verschluss Not-in-force EP1902965B1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE602007007412T DE602007007412D1 (de) 2007-05-23 2007-05-23 Verfahren zum Zusammensetzen eines Verschlusses für einen Behälter und zugehöriger Verschluss
ES07425314T ES2348054T3 (es) 2007-05-23 2007-05-23 Método para montar un dispositivo de cierre para un recipiente y dispositivo de cierre relacionado.
EP07425314A EP1902965B1 (de) 2007-05-23 2007-05-23 Verfahren zum Zusammensetzen eines Verschlusses für einen Behälter und zugehöriger Verschluss
AT07425314T ATE472482T1 (de) 2007-05-23 2007-05-23 Verfahren zum zusammensetzen eines verschlusses für einen behälter und zugehöriger verschluss
PCT/IB2008/001183 WO2008142507A2 (en) 2007-05-23 2008-05-13 Method for assembling a closing device for a container and related closing device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07425314A EP1902965B1 (de) 2007-05-23 2007-05-23 Verfahren zum Zusammensetzen eines Verschlusses für einen Behälter und zugehöriger Verschluss

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1902965A1 EP1902965A1 (de) 2008-03-26
EP1902965B1 true EP1902965B1 (de) 2010-06-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07425314A Not-in-force EP1902965B1 (de) 2007-05-23 2007-05-23 Verfahren zum Zusammensetzen eines Verschlusses für einen Behälter und zugehöriger Verschluss

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1902965B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE472482T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602007007412D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2348054T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2008142507A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011017793A1 (de) * 2011-04-29 2012-10-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schneidzahn einer rotierbaren Schneidvorrichtung
US10676261B2 (en) * 2017-09-07 2020-06-09 Silgan White Cap LLC Closure assembly
WO2021063669A1 (en) 2019-09-30 2021-04-08 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Closure assembly for a container and container having a closure assembly
IT201900020988A1 (it) * 2019-11-12 2021-05-12 Easy Plast S R L Metodo per lo stampaggio e l’assemblaggio di almeno un dispositivo di chiusura e relativo sistema per la fabbricazione
DE102020119383A1 (de) * 2020-07-22 2022-01-27 Contexo Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Verschlusskappe
DE102021106367B3 (de) 2021-03-16 2021-12-02 Bericap Holding Gmbh Verschlussvorrichtung

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60209689T2 (de) * 2002-09-09 2006-10-05 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Verschliessbare Öffnungsvorrichtung für Packungen für fliessfähige Nahrungsmittel
FR2846633B1 (fr) * 2002-10-30 2005-07-22 Tetra Laval Holding Et Finance Dispositif d'ouverture refermable pour un emballage etanche destine a contenir un produit liquide, et procede de moulage d'un tel dispositif
US8020729B2 (en) * 2005-11-07 2011-09-20 Deltona Innovations Ag Closable opening device produced with a semifinished product and method of fitting the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008142507A2 (en) 2008-11-27
ES2348054T3 (es) 2010-11-29
EP1902965A1 (de) 2008-03-26
DE602007007412D1 (de) 2010-08-12
WO2008142507A3 (en) 2009-01-29
ATE472482T1 (de) 2010-07-15

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