EP1904675A1 - Sheet-like and shaped articles for cleaning surfaces - Google Patents

Sheet-like and shaped articles for cleaning surfaces

Info

Publication number
EP1904675A1
EP1904675A1 EP06763610A EP06763610A EP1904675A1 EP 1904675 A1 EP1904675 A1 EP 1904675A1 EP 06763610 A EP06763610 A EP 06763610A EP 06763610 A EP06763610 A EP 06763610A EP 1904675 A1 EP1904675 A1 EP 1904675A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
cleaning
fabrics
moldings
hydroxy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06763610A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans-Jürgen QUADBECK-SEEGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP1904675A1 publication Critical patent/EP1904675A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L13/10—Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
    • A47L13/16—Cloths; Pads; Sponges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L1/00—Cleaning windows
    • A47L1/06—Hand implements
    • A47L1/15—Cloths, sponges, pads, or the like, e.g. containing cleaning agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L7/00—Suction cleaners adapted for additional purposes; Tables with suction openings for cleaning purposes; Containers for cleaning articles by suction; Suction cleaners adapted to cleaning of brushes; Suction cleaners adapted to taking-up liquids
    • A47L7/04—Suction cleaners adapted for additional purposes; Tables with suction openings for cleaning purposes; Containers for cleaning articles by suction; Suction cleaners adapted to cleaning of brushes; Suction cleaners adapted to taking-up liquids for using the exhaust air for other purposes, e.g. for distribution of chemicals in a room, for sterilisation of the air
    • A47L7/08—Suction cleaners adapted for additional purposes; Tables with suction openings for cleaning purposes; Containers for cleaning articles by suction; Suction cleaners adapted to cleaning of brushes; Suction cleaners adapted to taking-up liquids for using the exhaust air for other purposes, e.g. for distribution of chemicals in a room, for sterilisation of the air with combustion of dust in exhaust air
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fabrics and moldings for cleaning surfaces containing melamine fibers, processes for cleaning surfaces using such fabrics and moldings, the use of such fabrics and moldings for cleaning surfaces, processes for producing such fabrics and moldings using such fibers and the Use of such fibers for the production of such fabrics and moldings.
  • cleaning cloths made of various natural or synthetic materials are used in the cleaning of spectacle lenses.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a sheet and molded article, which allows the cleaning of surfaces in a technically simple and economical manner while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned.
  • the initially defined fabric and the initially defined molded article was found, a method for cleaning surfaces using such fabrics and shaped bodies, the use of such fabrics and moldings for cleaning surfaces, methods for producing such fabrics and moldings using the fibers defined above and the use of such fibers to make such sheets and shaped articles.
  • the fabrics and moldings for cleaning surfaces contain melamine fibers.
  • the melamine fibers used according to the invention can be prepared, for example, by the processes described in EP-A 93 965, DE-A 23 64 091, EP-A 221 330, EP-A 408 947, DE-A 10029334 or DE-A 10133787.
  • Particularly preferred melamine fibers contain, as monomer unit (A), 90 to 100 mol% of a Mixture consisting essentially of 30 to 100, preferably 50 to 99, particularly preferably 85 to 95, in particular 88 to 93 mol% melamine and 0 to 70, preferably 1 to 50, particularly preferably 5 to 15, in particular 7 to 12 mol %, of a substituted melamine I or mixtures of substituted melamines I.
  • the particularly preferred melamine fibers contain from 0 to 10, preferably from 0.1 to 9.5, in particular from 1 to 5, mol%, based on the total moles of monomer units (A) and (B) Phenol or a mixture of phenols.
  • the particularly preferred melamine fibers are usually obtainable by reacting the components (A) and (B) with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-containing compounds and subsequent spinning, the molar ratio of melamines to formaldehyde being in the range from 1: 1.15 to 1: 4 , 5, preferably from 1: 1, 8 to 1: 3.0.
  • a hydroxy-C 2 -Cio-alkyl groups preferably selects one hydroxy-C 2 -C 6 alkyl, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxy-n-propyl, 2-hydroxyisopropyl, 4-hydroxy-n-butyl, 5- Hydroxy-n-pentyl, 6-hydroxy-n-hexyl, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl, preferably hydroxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkyl, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxy-n-propyl, 2-hydroxyisopropyl and 4-hydroxy-n-butyl, more preferably 2-hydroxyethyl and 2-hydroxyisopropyl.
  • hydroxy-C 2 -C 6 alkyl such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxy-n-propyl, 2-hydroxyisopropyl, 4-hydroxy-n-butyl, more preferably 2-hydroxyethyl and 2-hydroxyisopropyl.
  • the amino-C 2 -C preferably come 2 alkyl groups amino-C 2 -C 8 alkyl groups such as 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 4-amino-butyl, 5-aminopentyl, 6-aminohexyl, 7- Aminoheptyl and 8-aminooctyl, more preferably 2-aminoethyl and 6-aminohexyl, most preferably 6-aminohexyl, into consideration.
  • amino-C 2 -C 8 alkyl groups such as 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 4-amino-butyl, 5-aminopentyl, 6-aminohexyl, 7- Aminoheptyl and 8-aminooctyl, more preferably 2-aminoethyl and 6-aminohexyl, most preferably 6-aminohexyl, into consideration.
  • Substituted melamines which are particularly suitable for the invention are the following compounds:
  • melamines substituted with the 2-hydroxyethylamino group such as 2- (2-hydroxyethylamino) -4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-di- (2-hydroxyethylamino) -6-amino -1, 3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris (2-hydroxyethylamino) -1, 3,5-triazine, melamines substituted with the 2-hydroxyisopropylamino group, such as 2- (2-hydroxyisopropylamino) - 4,6-diamino-1, 3,5-triazine, 2,4-di- (2-hydroxyisopropylamino) -6-amino-1, 3,5-triazine 2,4,6-tris- (2-hydroxy- isopropylamino) -1, 3,5-triazine, melamines substituted with the 5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino group, such as 2- (5-hydroxy-3-oxa
  • phenols (B) are one or two hydroxyl-containing phenols, which are optionally substituted by radicals selected from the group consisting of Ci-Cg-alkyl and hydroxy and with two or three phenol-substituted Ci-C 4 alkanes, di (hydroxyphenyl ) sulfones or mixtures of these phenols.
  • Preferred phenols are: phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, more preferably phenol, resorcinol and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane.
  • Formaldehyde is usually used as an aqueous solution having a concentration of, for example, 40 to 50% by weight or in the form of compounds which, on reaction with (A) and (B), give formaldehyde, for example as oligomeric or polymeric Formaldehyde in solid form, such as paraformaldehyde, 1, 3,5-trioxane or 1,3,5,7-tetroxane, a.
  • Melamine, optionally substituted melamine and optionally phenol together with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-containing compounds are usually polycondensed to produce the particularly preferred melamine fibers. It is possible to present all the components right at the start, or they can be brought to reaction in portions and successively and the resulting precondensates can be analyzed. I add further melamine, substituted melamine or phenol.
  • the polycondensation is carried out in a manner known per se (see EP-A 355 760, Houben-Weyl, Bd. 14/2, p 357 ff).
  • the reaction temperature is chosen generally in a range from 20 to 150, preferably from 40 to 14O 0 C.
  • the reaction pressure is generally not critical. It generally works in a range of 100 to 500 kPa, preferably under atmospheric pressure.
  • the polycondensation is generally carried out in a pH range above 7.
  • the pH range is preferably from 7.5 to 10.0, more preferably from 8 to 9.
  • alkali metal sulfites e.g. Sodium disulfite and sodium sulfite
  • alkali metal formates e.g. Sodium formate
  • alkali metal citrates e.g. Add sodium citrate, phosphates, polyphosphates, urea, dicyandiamide or cyanamide. They can be added as pure individual compounds or as mixtures with one another, in each case in bulk or as an aqueous solution before, during or after the condensation reaction.
  • modifiers are amines and amino alcohols, such as diethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine or 2-diethylaminoethanol.
  • fillers or emulsifiers are fillers or emulsifiers.
  • fillers for example, fibrous or powdery inorganic reinforcing agents or fillers, such as glass fibers, metal powder, metal salts or silicates, e.g. Use kaolin, talc, barite, quartz or chalk, as well as pigments and dyes.
  • emulsifiers are usually used the usual nonionic, anionic or cationic organic compounds with long-chain alkyl radicals.
  • the polycondensation can be carried out batchwise or continuously, for example in an extruder (see EP-A 355 760), according to methods known per se.
  • the novel amine resin is generally spun in a manner known per se, for example after addition of a hardener, usually acids, such as formic acid, sulfuric acid or ammonium chloride, at room temperature in a rotary spinning machine and then hardens the raw fibers In a heated atmosphere, or one spins in a heated atmosphere, while evaporating the solvent serving as water at the same time and cures the condensate.
  • a hardener usually acids, such as formic acid, sulfuric acid or ammonium chloride
  • the resulting fibers are generally predried, optionally stretched and then cured at 120 to 25O 0 C.
  • the fibers are usually 5 to 25 ⁇ m thick and 2 to 2000 mm long.
  • Suitable melamine resins are e.g. as Basofil® from BASF Aktiengesellschaft.
  • the fabrics according to the invention and moldings for cleaning surfaces can consist of melamine fibers or, in addition to melamine fibers, contain one or more types of further fibers.
  • melamine fibers or, in addition to melamine fibers, contain one or more types of further fibers.
  • further fibers are natural fibers, synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof into consideration.
  • natural fibers are generally used naturally occurring fibers based on cellulose, such as cotton, wool, linen or silk, which include among these natural fibers and those fibers based on cellulose, which are of natural origin, but by known and customary methods modified or treated.
  • cotton or wool belong to the natural fibers according to DIN 60001, whereby cotton belongs to the group of vegetable fibers.
  • DIN 60004 defines the terms for the raw material wool.
  • wool is to be understood as meaning all coarse and fine animal hairs.
  • the natural fibers may, if necessary, be treated with flame retardants, e.g. reactive phosphorus compounds.
  • flame retardants e.g. reactive phosphorus compounds.
  • Such compounds are for. B. as Afflammit®, Pyrovatex® or Proban® commercially.
  • Suitable synthetic fibers are preferably polyester fibers, polyamide fibers or different viscose fibers or mixtures thereof.
  • polyester fibers or polyamide fibers all conventional textile fibers of polyester or polyamide can be used. Such fibers are known. Polyester fibers are made from linear saturated polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) prepared from dihydric alcohols, especially glycols, and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, mostly terephthalic acid.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • the polyamide fibers and polyester fibers are produced by the melt spinning or extrusion process, after which they are hot drawn. By subsequent heat treatment they can be made highly crystalline and low in shrinkage.
  • polyester fibers the skilled worker in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. 11, 4th ed., P. 305, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1978.
  • the synthetic fibers for example of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, can be used as microfibers.
  • Microfibers are filaments having single diameters of at most 1.1 dtex per fiber (0.11 g / 1000 m fiber), preferably between 0.3 (0.03 g / 1000 m fiber) and 1.1 dtex per fiber ( 0.11 g / 1000 m fiber) before drawing.
  • microfibers and methods for their preparation can be found, for example, Fourne, Synthetic fibers, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff-Vienna, 1995, pp. 551-563.
  • Polyamide fibers are made from various types of polyamide (PA), especially PA-66 and PA-6, and also PA-11 and PA-610, by the melt spinning or extrusion process. Then they are stretched hot or cold.
  • PA-6 is polycaprolactam
  • PA-66 is composed of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid units.
  • PA-11 is composed of 11-aminoundecanoic acid, PA-610 of hexamethylenediamine and sebacic acid. Details of polyamide fibers are given by the person skilled in the art in Ullmanns Encyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, Vol. 11, 4th ed., P. 315, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1978.
  • Suitable polyester fibers are e.g. as Trevira @ -Fasem Fa. Trevira GmbH and TeretalO-Fasem Fa. Montefibre in the trade.
  • Suitable polyamide fibers are e.g. Fa. BASF, DuPont and Rhodia Fa. in the trade.
  • Viscose fibers are preferably erased by the viscose method from cellulose: wood pulp (cellulose) is treated with sodium hydroxide solution. The alkali metal cellulose obtained is pressed off, comminuted and allowed to stand in air. The alkali cellulose prepared in this way is treated with carbon disulphide CS ⁇ to give celiac sexanthogenate. The xanthate is dissolved in dilute sodium hydroxide solution to give a viscous spinning solution (so-called viscose). The spinning solution is filtered and stored.
  • the dope solution refined in this way is transferred through spinnerets into a spinning bath containing sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate and zinc sulfate, wherein the viscose clots into fine cellulose filaments. If necessary, the threads are stretched, then washed and aftertreated. Further details on viscose fibers will be found in the cited book by Z. Rogowin, pp. 76-197.
  • the fabrics according to the invention and shaped articles contain other fibers, such as natural fibers, synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof, in addition to melamine resin fibers, preference is given to those fabrics which are at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight.
  • % MeI amine resin fibers based on the sum of Melaminharzfasem, natural fibers, synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof in the fabric containing.
  • the fabrics according to the invention and shaped bodies contain other fibers, such as natural fibers, synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof, such sheets are preferred which comprise at most 99% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, particularly preferably at least 90% by weight. -%, In particular at most 80 wt .-% Melaminharzfasem, based on the sum of Melaminharzfasem, natural fibers, synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof in the fabric containing.
  • customary fillers in particular those based on silicates, such as mica, as well as dyes, pigments, metal powders, matting agents and spin aids, may be added to the fabrics and moldings according to the invention.
  • the fabrics of the invention may contain antistatic additives according to DIN EN 1149-1.
  • the threads and / or the fibers contained in them for the production of the fabrics and shaped bodies according to the invention can be treated in a known manner before they are processed into the fabric, e.g. by pre-bleaching, dyeing, finishing with textile auxiliaries, hydrophobing, etc.
  • the various fiber types are usually premixed as a flake and spun into yarns by means of the known processes customary in the textile industry. However, it is also possible to process the fibers into yarns in other ways. Such methods are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the yarns can then be further processed depending on the field of application to various types of textile or non-textile fabrics.
  • the yarns preferably have a fineness of from Nm 5 to Nm 70, in particular Nm 20 to Nm 50.
  • the basis weight of the fabrics according to the invention produced therefrom is preferably 70 to 900, in particular 120 to 600 and particularly preferably 300 to 500 g / m 2 .
  • the various types of fibers can also be premixed in a conventional manner as a flake and processed by means of the known, customary in the textile industry processes to nonwovens to obtain the inventive sheet or molding.
  • Preferred moldings according to the invention are those which have melamine fibers on the outside, so that when a surface is cleaned, it comes into contact with the melamine fibers of the molding.
  • Shaped bodies according to the invention can advantageously be obtained by coating a shaped body, preferably a porous shaped body, such as an inelastic, advantageously an elastic, open or closed-cell natural, preferably synthetic sponge, with melamine fibers or yarns of melamine fibers.
  • a shaped body preferably a porous shaped body, such as an inelastic, advantageously an elastic, open or closed-cell natural, preferably synthetic sponge, with melamine fibers or yarns of melamine fibers.
  • the sheetlike structures and shaped bodies according to the invention may contain a heat, oil, dirt and / or moisture repellent and / or oil, dirt and / or moisture adsorbing equipment.
  • the fabrics and moldings may be impregnated or coated with the finishing agent.
  • Such compounds are known to the person skilled in the art as textile auxiliaries (compare Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5.Ed., Vol. A26, pp. 306-312).
  • water-repellent compounds are metal soaps, silicones, fluoroorganic compounds, e.g. Salts of perfluorinated carboxylic acids, polyacrylic acid perfluorinated alcohols (see EP-B-366 338 and literature cited therein) or tetrafluoroethylene polymers. In particular, the latter two polymers are also used as oleophobic equipment.
  • the fabrics and moldings of the invention combine good abrasion resistance, good washing and drying behavior under industrial conditions (low washing out of fibers), and high mechanical strength with good cleaning action of surfaces.
  • the surfaces can be plastered in a simple manner.
  • This cleaning can be carried out using liquid auxiliaries, such as aqueous detergent solutions or organic liquid solvents, such as alcohols, in particular methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, n-propanol, such as ketones, in particular acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, such as aliphatic or aromatic, halogenated or non-halogenated hydrocarbons take place.
  • aqueous detergent solutions such as alcohols, in particular methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, n-propanol, such as ketones, in particular acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, such as aliphatic or aromatic, halogenated or non-halogenated hydrocarbons take place.
  • organic liquid solvents such as alcohols, in particular methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, n-propanol, such as ketones, in particular acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, such as aliphatic or aromatic
  • this cleaning can be done without the use of such liquid aids.
  • the cleaning can be done by manually rubbing the surface with a sheet or molding according to the invention.
  • the cleaning by machine abrasion of the surface with a sheet or molding according to the invention for example by means of known polishing machines, as e.g. are known for polishing car paint surfaces or parquet floors.
  • For manual cleaning can advantageously cleaning cloths or cloths, so two-dimensionally flat structures that partially or completely comprise the fabric of the invention, or cleaning gloves, ie gloves whose outer surface completely or partially, in particular completely or partially on the palm of the hand facing side Glove, have a sheet according to the invention, or brushes, preferably those which melamine resin fibers alone or in admixture with said natural fibers, synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof or inventive sheets or moldings partially or completely as bristles or cleaning strips, are used.
  • the shape of the sheet or of the shaped body should preferably be directed to the machine after the movement of the sheet or the molding by the machine with respect to the surface to be cleaned and the attachment of the sheet according to the invention.
  • round, ellipsoidal, band-shaped or cylindrical sheets or moldings come into consideration.
  • the fabrics of the invention and molded articles are suitable for the cleaning of a wide variety of surfaces. Particularly good cleaning effects can be achieved on smooth surfaces, such as on glass, on lacquered or uncoated metal, on glazed materials, such as ceramics, porcelain or stoneware, on lacquered or unpainted plastic surfaces.
  • the surfaces to be cleaned should have a greater hardness than those used according to the invention for cleaning the surface, abrasion-resistant by the melamine fibers fabrics or moldings to avoid scratching the surface to be cleaned.
  • a related preliminary test can easily be carried out in a technically simple way.
  • glass surfaces are glass panes, such as window panes, screen surfaces or the bearing surfaces in photocopiers or scanners, or optical lenses, for example in spectacles, binoculars or microscopes.
  • plastic surfaces are, for example, furniture surfaces, the surfaces of electrical or electronic equipment, plastic surfaces in the interior of motor vehicles or optical lenses, for example in glasses, binoculars or microscopes, into consideration.
  • the fabrics and shaped bodies according to the invention have proven particularly advantageous in the removal of greasy soil, in particular skin grease such as fingerprints, from surfaces, preferably from glass surfaces or plastic surfaces, in particular from glass surfaces.
  • the fabrics of the invention and moldings can be cleaned in a conventional manner, in particular using liquid aids, while retaining their original cleaning effect.
  • a mirror glass pane was treated as a surface with the following substances as dirt:
  • Cloth 1 (comparison): cotton cloth (household cloth VILEDA, company Freudenberg) cloth 2 (comparison): microfiber cloth (Spontex "window miracle ultrafine microfiber, MAPA GmbH)
  • Cloth 3 (Inventive): Fleece made of melamine fibers (BASOFIL®, BASF Aktiengesellschaft)

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Abstract

Sheet-like and shaped articles for cleaning surfaces comprising melamine fibres, method for cleaning surfaces using such sheet-like and shaped articles, the use of such sheet-like and shaped articles for cleaning surfaces, method for producing such sheet-like and shaped articles using such fibres, and the use of such fibres for producing such sheet-like and shaped articles.

Description

Flächengebilde und Formkörper zur Reinigung von OberflächenFabrics and moldings for cleaning surfaces
Beschreibungdescription
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Flächengebilde und Formkörper zur Reinigung von Oberflächen enthaltend Melaminfasem, Verfahren zur Reinigung von Oberflächen unter Einsatz solcher Flächengebilde und Formkörper, die Verwendung solcher Flächengebilde und Formkörper zur Reinigung von Oberflächen, Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Flächengebilde und Formkörper unter Einsatz solcher Fasern und die Verwen- düng solcher Fasern zur Herstellung solcher Flächengebilde und Formkörper.The present invention relates to fabrics and moldings for cleaning surfaces containing melamine fibers, processes for cleaning surfaces using such fabrics and moldings, the use of such fabrics and moldings for cleaning surfaces, processes for producing such fabrics and moldings using such fibers and the Use of such fibers for the production of such fabrics and moldings.
Flächengebilde und Formkörper zur Reinigung von Oberflächen ohne den Einsatz von flüssigen Hilfsmitteln, wie wässrigen Detergentienlösungen oder Alkohol, sind an sich bekannt.Fabrics and moldings for cleaning surfaces without the use of liquid auxiliaries, such as aqueous detergent solutions or alcohol, are known per se.
So finden beispielsweise Putztücher aus verschiedenen natürlichen oder synthetischen Materialien Verwendung bei der Reinigung von Brillengläsern.For example, cleaning cloths made of various natural or synthetic materials are used in the cleaning of spectacle lenses.
Vorteilhaft bei der Reinigung ohne den Einsatz von flüssigen Hilfsmitteln ist die einfa- che und sichere Anwendung, sowie ein einfacher Transport des Flächengebildes. Nachteilig bei der Anwendung solcher Flächengebilde und Formkörper ist, dass ihre Kapazität nach kurzer Nutzungsdauer erschöpft ist und danach der Schmutz nicht mehr von dem Flächengebilde aufgenommen, sondern bei einem Reinigungsversuch nur noch auf der zu reinigenden Oberfläche verteilt wird.The advantage of cleaning without the use of liquid auxiliaries is the simple and safe use, as well as easy transport of the fabric. A disadvantage of the use of such fabrics and moldings is that their capacity is exhausted after a short period of use and then the dirt is no longer absorbed by the fabric, but is distributed in a cleaning test only on the surface to be cleaned.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Flächengebilde und Formkörper bereitzustellen, das die Reinigung von Oberflächen auf technisch einfache und wirtschaftliche Weise ermöglicht unter Vermeidung der genannten Nachteile.The present invention has for its object to provide a sheet and molded article, which allows the cleaning of surfaces in a technically simple and economical manner while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned.
Demgemäß wurde das eingangs definierte Flächengebilde und der eingangs definierte Formköper gefunden, ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von Oberflächen unter Einsatz solcher Flächengebilde und Formköper, die Verwendung solcher Flächengebilde und Formkörper zur Reinigung von Oberflächen, Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Flächengebilde und Formkörper unter Einsatz der eingangs definierten Fasern und die Verwendung solcher Fasern zur Herstellung solcher Flächengebilde und Formkörper.Accordingly, the initially defined fabric and the initially defined molded article was found, a method for cleaning surfaces using such fabrics and shaped bodies, the use of such fabrics and moldings for cleaning surfaces, methods for producing such fabrics and moldings using the fibers defined above and the use of such fibers to make such sheets and shaped articles.
Erfindungsgemäß enthalten die Flächengebilde und Formkörper zur Reinigung von Oberflächen Melaminfasem.According to the invention, the fabrics and moldings for cleaning surfaces contain melamine fibers.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Melaminfasem kann beispielsweise nach den in der EP-A 93 965, DE-A 23 64 091 , EP-A 221 330, EP-A 408 947, DE-A 10029334 oder DE-A 10133787 beschriebenen Verfahren erfolgen. Besonders bevorzugte Melaminfasem enthalten als Monomerbaustein (A) 90 bis 100 mol-% eines Ge- misches, bestehend im wesentlichen aus 30 bis 100, bevorzugt 50 bis 99, besonders bevorzugt 85 bis 95, insbesondere 88 bis 93 mol-% Melamin und 0 bis 70, bevorzugt 1 bis 50, besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 15, insbesondere 7 bis 12 mol-%, eines substituierten Melamins I oder Mischungen substituierter Melamine I.The melamine fibers used according to the invention can be prepared, for example, by the processes described in EP-A 93 965, DE-A 23 64 091, EP-A 221 330, EP-A 408 947, DE-A 10029334 or DE-A 10133787. Particularly preferred melamine fibers contain, as monomer unit (A), 90 to 100 mol% of a Mixture consisting essentially of 30 to 100, preferably 50 to 99, particularly preferably 85 to 95, in particular 88 to 93 mol% melamine and 0 to 70, preferably 1 to 50, particularly preferably 5 to 15, in particular 7 to 12 mol %, of a substituted melamine I or mixtures of substituted melamines I.
Als weiteren Monomerbaustein (B) enthalten die besonders bevorzugten Melaminfa- sern 0 bis 10, vorzugsweise von 0,1 bis 9,5, insbesondere 1 bis 5 mol-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmolzahl an Monomerbausteinen (A) und (B), eines Phenols oder eines Gemisches von Phenolen.As further monomer building block (B), the particularly preferred melamine fibers contain from 0 to 10, preferably from 0.1 to 9.5, in particular from 1 to 5, mol%, based on the total moles of monomer units (A) and (B) Phenol or a mixture of phenols.
Die besonders bevorzugten Melaminfasem sind üblicherweise durch Umsetzung der Komponenten (A) und (B) mit Formaldehyd oder Formaldehyd-Iiefemden Verbindungen und anschließendes Verspinnen erhältlich, wobei das Molverhältnis von Melami- nen zu Formaldehyd im Bereich von 1 :1,15 bis 1 :4,5, bevorzugt von 1 :1 ,8 bis 1 :3,0 liegt.The particularly preferred melamine fibers are usually obtainable by reacting the components (A) and (B) with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-containing compounds and subsequent spinning, the molar ratio of melamines to formaldehyde being in the range from 1: 1.15 to 1: 4 , 5, preferably from 1: 1, 8 to 1: 3.0.
Als substituierte Melamine der allgemeinen Formel IAs substituted melamines of general formula I.
kommen solche in Betracht, in denen X1, X2 und X3 ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus -NH2, -NHR1 und -NR1R2, wobei X1, X2 und X3 nicht gleichzeitig -NH2 sind, und R1 und R2 ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Hydroxy-C2-Cio- alkyl, Hydroxy-C2-C4-alkyl-(oxa-C2-C4-alkyl)n, mit n = 1 bis 5, und Amino-C2-Ci2-alkyl.are those in which X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are selected from the group consisting of -NH 2 , -NHR 1 and -NR 1 R 2 , wherein X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are not simultaneously -NH 2, and R 1 and R 2 are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-C 2 -Cio- alkyl, hydroxy-C 2 -C 4 alkyl (oxa-C 2 -C 4 alkyl) n, with n = 1 to 5, and amino-C 2 -Ci 2 -alkyl.
Als Hydroxy-C2-Cio-alkyl-Gruppen wählt man bevorzugt Hydroxy-C2-C6-alkyl, wie 2- Hydroxyethyl, 3-Hydroxy-n-propyl, 2-Hydroxyisopropyl, 4-Hydroxy-n-butyl, 5-Hydroxy- n-pentyl, 6-Hydroxy-n-hexyl, 3-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl, bevorzugt Hydroxy-C2-C4- alkyl, wie 2-Hydroxyethyl, 3-Hydroxy-n-propyl, 2-Hydroxyisopropyl und 4-Hydroxy-n- butyl, besonders bevorzugt 2-Hydroxyethyl und 2-Hydroxyisopropyl.As a hydroxy-C 2 -Cio-alkyl groups preferably selects one hydroxy-C 2 -C 6 alkyl, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxy-n-propyl, 2-hydroxyisopropyl, 4-hydroxy-n-butyl, 5- Hydroxy-n-pentyl, 6-hydroxy-n-hexyl, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl, preferably hydroxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkyl, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxy-n-propyl, 2-hydroxyisopropyl and 4-hydroxy-n-butyl, more preferably 2-hydroxyethyl and 2-hydroxyisopropyl.
Als Hydroxy-C2-C4-alkyl-(oxa-C2-C4-alkyl)n-Gruppen wählt man bevorzugt solche mit n = 1 bis 4, besonders bevorzugt solche mit n = 1 oder 2, wie 5-Hydroxy-3-oxa-pentyl, 5- Hydroxy-3-oxa-2,5-dimethylpentyl, 5-Hydroxy-3-oxa-1 ,4-dimethylpentyl, 5-Hydroxy-3- oxa-1 ,2,4,5-tetramethylpentyl, 8-Hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl.Preferred hydroxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkyl- (oxa-C 2 -C 4 -alkyl) n groups are those having n = 1 to 4, more preferably those having n = 1 or 2, such as 5-hydroxy 3-oxa-pentyl, 5-hydroxy-3-oxa-2,5-dimethylpentyl, 5-hydroxy-3-oxa-1, 4-dimethylpentyl, 5-hydroxy-3-oxa-1, 2,4,5- tetramethylpentyl, 8-hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl.
Als Amino-C2-Ci2-alkyl-Gruppen kommen bevorzugt Amino-C2-C8-alkyl-Gruppen, wie 2-Aminoethyl, 3-Aminopropyl, 4-Amino butyl, 5-Aminopentyl, 6-Aminohexyl, 7- Aminoheptyl sowie 8-Aminooctyl, besonders bevorzugt 2-Aminoethyl und 6- Aminohexyl, ganz besonders bevorzugt 6-Aminohexyl, in Betracht.The amino-C 2 -C preferably come 2 alkyl groups amino-C 2 -C 8 alkyl groups such as 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 4-amino-butyl, 5-aminopentyl, 6-aminohexyl, 7- Aminoheptyl and 8-aminooctyl, more preferably 2-aminoethyl and 6-aminohexyl, most preferably 6-aminohexyl, into consideration.
Für die Erfindung besonders geeignete substituierte Melamine sind folgende Verbin- düngen:Substituted melamines which are particularly suitable for the invention are the following compounds:
mit der 2-Hydroxyethylamino-Gruppe substituierte Melamine, wie 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl- amino)-4,6-diamino-1 ,3,5-triazin, 2,4-Di-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-6-amino-1 ,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-Tris-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1 ,3,5-triazin, mit der 2-Hydroxyisopropylamino- Gruppe substituierte Melamine, wie 2-(2-Hydroxyisopropylamino)-4,6-diamino-1 ,3,5- triazin, 2,4-Di-(2-hydroxyisopropylamino)-6-amino-1 ,3,5-triazin 2,4,6-Tris-(2-hydroxy- isopropylamino)-1 ,3,5-triazin, mit der 5-Hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino-Gruppe substituierte Melamine, wie 2-(5-Hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino)-4,6-diamino-1 ,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-Tris-(5- hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino)-1 ,3,5-triazin, 2,4-Di(5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino)-6- amino,1 ,3,5-triazin, mit der 6-Aminohexylamino-Gruppe substituierte Melamine, wie 2- (6-Aminohexylamino)-4,6-diamino-1 ,3,5-triazin, 2,4-Di-(6-aminohexylamino)-6-amino- 1 ,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-Tris-(6-aminohexylamino)-1 ,3,5-triazin oder Gemische dieser Verbindungen, beispielsweise ein Gemisch aus 10 mol-% 2-(5-Hydroxy-3-oxapentyl- amino)-4,6-diamino-1 ,3,5-triazin, 50 mol-% 2,4-Di-(5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino)-6- amino-1 ,3,5-triazin und 40 mol-% 2,4,6-Tris-(5-hydroxy-3-oxapentyamino)-1 ,3,5-triazin.melamines substituted with the 2-hydroxyethylamino group, such as 2- (2-hydroxyethylamino) -4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-di- (2-hydroxyethylamino) -6-amino -1, 3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris (2-hydroxyethylamino) -1, 3,5-triazine, melamines substituted with the 2-hydroxyisopropylamino group, such as 2- (2-hydroxyisopropylamino) - 4,6-diamino-1, 3,5-triazine, 2,4-di- (2-hydroxyisopropylamino) -6-amino-1, 3,5-triazine 2,4,6-tris- (2-hydroxy- isopropylamino) -1, 3,5-triazine, melamines substituted with the 5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino group, such as 2- (5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino) -4,6-diamino-1,3,5- triazine, 2,4,6-tris- (5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino) -1, 3,5-triazine, 2,4-di (5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino) -6-amino, 1, 3 , 5-triazine, melamines substituted with the 6-aminohexylamino group, such as 2- (6-aminohexylamino) -4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-di- (6-aminohexylamino) - 6-amino-1, 3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris (6-aminohexylamino) -1, 3,5-triazine or mixtures of these compounds, for example a mixture of 10 mol% 2- (5 hydroxy-3 -oxapentyl-amino) -4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 50 mol% 2,4-di- (5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino) -6-amino-1, 3,5- triazine and 40 mole percent 2,4,6-tris- (5-hydroxy-3-oxapentyamino) -1, 3,5-triazine.
Als Phenole (B) eignen sich ein oder zwei Hydroxygruppen enthaltende Phenole, die gegebenenfalls mit Resten, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe aus Ci-Cg-Alkyl und Hydroxy substituiert sind sowie mit zwei oder drei Phenolgruppen substituierte Ci-C4-Alkane, Di(hydroxyphenyl)sulfone oder Mischungen dieser Phenole.As phenols (B) are one or two hydroxyl-containing phenols, which are optionally substituted by radicals selected from the group consisting of Ci-Cg-alkyl and hydroxy and with two or three phenol-substituted Ci-C 4 alkanes, di (hydroxyphenyl ) sulfones or mixtures of these phenols.
Als bevorzugte Phenole kommen in Betracht: Phenol, 4-Methylphenol, 4-tert.- Butylphenol, 4-n-Octylphenol, 4-n-Nonylphenol, Brenzcatechin, Resorcin, Hydrochinon, 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan, Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfon, besonders bevorzugt Phenol, Resorcin und 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan.Preferred phenols are: phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, more preferably phenol, resorcinol and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane.
Formaldehyd setzt man in der Regel als wässrige Lösung mit einer Konzentration von zum Beispiel 40 bis 50 Gew.-% oder in Form von Verbindungen, die bei der Umsetzung mit (A) und (B) Formaldehyd liefern, beispielsweise als oligomeren oder polyme- ren Formaldehyd in fester Form, wie Paraformaldehyd, 1 ,3,5-Trioxan oder 1,3,5,7- Tetroxan, ein.Formaldehyde is usually used as an aqueous solution having a concentration of, for example, 40 to 50% by weight or in the form of compounds which, on reaction with (A) and (B), give formaldehyde, for example as oligomeric or polymeric Formaldehyde in solid form, such as paraformaldehyde, 1, 3,5-trioxane or 1,3,5,7-tetroxane, a.
Zur Herstellung der besonders bevorzugten Melaminfasern polykondensiert man üblicherweise Melamin, gegebenenfalls substituiertes Melamin und gegebenenfalls Phenol zusammen mit Formaldehyd bzw. Formaldehyd-Iiefemden Verbindungen. Man kann dabei alle Komponenten gleich zu Beginn vorlegen oder man kann sie portionsweise und sukzessive zur Reaktion bringen und den dabei gebildeten Vorkondensaten nach- trag I ich weiteres Melamin, substituiertes Melamin oder Phenol zufügen.Melamine, optionally substituted melamine and optionally phenol together with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-containing compounds are usually polycondensed to produce the particularly preferred melamine fibers. It is possible to present all the components right at the start, or they can be brought to reaction in portions and successively and the resulting precondensates can be analyzed. I add further melamine, substituted melamine or phenol.
Die Polykondensation führt man in an sich bekannter Weise durch (s. EP-A 355 760, Houben-Weyl, Bd. 14/2, S. 357 ff).The polycondensation is carried out in a manner known per se (see EP-A 355 760, Houben-Weyl, Bd. 14/2, p 357 ff).
Die Reaktionstemperatur wählt man dabei im allgemeinen in einem Bereich von 20 bis 150, bevorzugt von 40 bis 14O0C. Der Reaktionsdruck ist in der Regel unkritisch. Man arbeitet im allgemeinen in einem Bereich von 100 bis 500 kPa, bevorzugt unter Atmosphärendruck.The reaction temperature is chosen generally in a range from 20 to 150, preferably from 40 to 14O 0 C. The reaction pressure is generally not critical. It generally works in a range of 100 to 500 kPa, preferably under atmospheric pressure.
Man kann die Reaktion mit oder ohne Lösungsmittel durchführen. In der Regel setzt man bei Verwendung von wässriger Formaldehydlösung kein Lösungsmittel zu. Bei Verwendung von in fester Form gebundenem Formaldehyd wählt man als Lösungsmittel üblicherweise Wasser, wobei die verwendete Menge in der Regel im Bereich von 5 bis 40, bevorzugt von 15 bis 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an eingesetzten Monomeren, liegt.You can carry out the reaction with or without solvent. As a rule, no solvent is added when using aqueous formaldehyde solution. When using formaldehyde bound in solid form, water is usually used as solvent, the amount used generally being in the range from 5 to 40, preferably from 15 to 20,% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers used.
Ferner führt man die Polykondensation im allgemeinen in einem pH-Bereich oberhalb von 7 aus. Bevorzugt ist der pH-Bereich von 7,5 bis 10,0, besonders bevorzugt von 8 bis 9.Furthermore, the polycondensation is generally carried out in a pH range above 7. The pH range is preferably from 7.5 to 10.0, more preferably from 8 to 9.
Des weiteren kann man dem Reaktionsgemisch geringe Mengen üblicher Zusätze, wie Alkalimetallsulfite, z.B. Natriumdisulfit und Natriumsulfit, Alkalimetallformiate, z.B. Natriumformiat, Alkalimetallcitrate, z.B. Natriumeitrat, Phosphate, Polyphosphate, Harnstoff, Dicyandiamid oder Cyanamid hinzufügen. Man kann sie als reine Einzelverbindungen oder als Mischungen untereinander, jeweils in Substanz oder als wässrige Lösung vor, während oder nach der Kondensationsreaktion zusetzen.Furthermore, small amounts of common additives, such as alkali metal sulfites, e.g. Sodium disulfite and sodium sulfite, alkali metal formates, e.g. Sodium formate, alkali metal citrates, e.g. Add sodium citrate, phosphates, polyphosphates, urea, dicyandiamide or cyanamide. They can be added as pure individual compounds or as mixtures with one another, in each case in bulk or as an aqueous solution before, during or after the condensation reaction.
Andere Modifizierungsmittel sind Amine und Aminoalkohole, wie Diethylamin, Ethano- lamin, Diethanolamin oder 2-Diethylaminoethanol.Other modifiers are amines and amino alcohols, such as diethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine or 2-diethylaminoethanol.
Als weitere Zusatzstoffe kommen Füllstoffe oder Emulgatoren in Betracht. Als Füllstoffe kann man beispielsweise faser- oder pulverförmige anorganische Verstärkungsmittel oder Füllstoffe, wie Glasfasern, Metallpulver, Metallsalze oder Silikate, z.B. Kaolin, TaI- kum, Schwerspat, Quarz oder Kreide, ferner Pigmente und Farbstoffe einsetzen. Als Emulgatoren verwendet man in der Regel die üblichen nichtionogenen, anionenaktiven oder kationaktiven organischen Verbindungen mit langkettigen Alkylresten.Further additives are fillers or emulsifiers. As fillers, for example, fibrous or powdery inorganic reinforcing agents or fillers, such as glass fibers, metal powder, metal salts or silicates, e.g. Use kaolin, talc, barite, quartz or chalk, as well as pigments and dyes. As emulsifiers are usually used the usual nonionic, anionic or cationic organic compounds with long-chain alkyl radicals.
Die Polykondensation kann man diskontinuierlich oder kontinuierlich, beispielsweise in einem Extruder (siehe EP-A 355 760), nach an sich bekannten Methoden durchführen. Zur Herstellung von Fasern verspinnt man in der Regel das erfind ungsgemäße MeI- aminharz in an sich bekannter Weise, beispielsweise nach Zusatz eines Härters, üblicherweise Säuren, wie Ameisensäure, Schwefelsäure oder Ammoniumchlorid, bei Raumtemperatur in einer Rotationsspinnmaschine und härtet anschließend die Rohfa- sern in einer erhitzten Atmosphäre aus, oder man verspinnt in einer erhitzten Atmosphäre, verdampft dabei gleichzeitig das als Lösungsmittel dienende Wasser und härtet das Kondensat aus. Ein solches Verfahren ist in der DE-A-23 64 091 eingehend beschrieben.The polycondensation can be carried out batchwise or continuously, for example in an extruder (see EP-A 355 760), according to methods known per se. For the production of fibers, the novel amine resin is generally spun in a manner known per se, for example after addition of a hardener, usually acids, such as formic acid, sulfuric acid or ammonium chloride, at room temperature in a rotary spinning machine and then hardens the raw fibers In a heated atmosphere, or one spins in a heated atmosphere, while evaporating the solvent serving as water at the same time and cures the condensate. Such a method is described in detail in DE-A-23 64 091.
Zur Herstellung der Melaminfasem kann man jedoch auch andere gebräuchliche Verfahren verwenden, z.B. Fadenziehen, Exdrudieren und Fibrillierungsprozesse. Die dabei erhaltenen Fasern werden im allgemeinen vorgetrocknet, gegebenenfalls gereckt und dann bei 120 bis 25O0C gehärtet.However, it is also possible to use other customary methods for producing the melamine fibers, for example stringing, extrusion and fibrillation processes. The resulting fibers are generally predried, optionally stretched and then cured at 120 to 25O 0 C.
Die Fasern sind üblicherweise 5 bis 25 μm dick und 2 bis 2000 mm lang. Geeignete Melaminharze sind z.B. als Basofil® von BASF Aktiengesellschaft im Handel.The fibers are usually 5 to 25 μm thick and 2 to 2000 mm long. Suitable melamine resins are e.g. as Basofil® from BASF Aktiengesellschaft.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper zur Reinigung von Oberflächen können aus Melaminfasem bestehen oder neben Melaminfasem eine oder meh- rere Arten weiterer Fasern enthalten. Hierbei kommen Naturfasern, synthetische Fasern oder deren Gemische in Betracht.The fabrics according to the invention and moldings for cleaning surfaces can consist of melamine fibers or, in addition to melamine fibers, contain one or more types of further fibers. Here are natural fibers, synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof into consideration.
Als Naturfasern setzt man in der Regel natürlich vorkommende Fasern auf Cellulose- Basis ein, wie Baumwolle, Wolle, Leinen oder Seide, wobei unter diese Naturfasern auch solche Fasern auf Cellulose-Basis zählen sollen, die natürlichen Ursprungs sind, jedoch nach bekannten und üblichen Verfahren modifiziert oder behandelt sind.As natural fibers are generally used naturally occurring fibers based on cellulose, such as cotton, wool, linen or silk, which include among these natural fibers and those fibers based on cellulose, which are of natural origin, but by known and customary methods modified or treated.
Insbesondere Baumwolle oder Wolle gehören nach DIN 60001 zu den Naturfasern, wobei Baumwolle der Gruppe der pflanzlichen Fasern zuzuordnen ist. In der DIN 60004 sind die Begriffe für den Rohstoff Wolle festgelegt. Im Sinne dieser Erfindung sind unter Wolle alle groben und feinen Tierhaare zu verstehen.In particular, cotton or wool belong to the natural fibers according to DIN 60001, whereby cotton belongs to the group of vegetable fibers. DIN 60004 defines the terms for the raw material wool. For the purposes of this invention, wool is to be understood as meaning all coarse and fine animal hairs.
Die Naturfasern können, falls erforderlich, mit flammhemmenden Mitteln behandelt werden, z.B. reaktiven Phosphorverbindungen. Derartige Verbindungen sind z. B. als Afflammit®, Pyrovatex® oder Proban® im Handel.The natural fibers may, if necessary, be treated with flame retardants, e.g. reactive phosphorus compounds. Such compounds are for. B. as Afflammit®, Pyrovatex® or Proban® commercially.
Als synthetische Fasern kommen vorzugsweise Polyesterfasern, Polyamidfasern oder hiervon unterschiedliche Viskosefasern oder deren Gemische in Betracht.Suitable synthetic fibers are preferably polyester fibers, polyamide fibers or different viscose fibers or mixtures thereof.
Als Polyesterfasern bzw. Polyamidfasern können alle üblichen Textilfasem aus Polyester bzw. Polyamid eingesetzt werden. Solche Fasern sind bekannt. Polyesterfasern werden aus linearen gesättigten Polyestem wie z.B. Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) und/oder Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT) hergestellt, die aus zweiwertigen Alkoholen, insbesondere Glykolen, und aromatischen Dicarbonsäuren, meist Terephthalsäure, aufgebaut sind.As polyester fibers or polyamide fibers, all conventional textile fibers of polyester or polyamide can be used. Such fibers are known. Polyester fibers are made from linear saturated polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) prepared from dihydric alcohols, especially glycols, and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, mostly terephthalic acid.
Üblicherweise erzeugt man die Polyamidfasern und Polyesterfasern nach dem Schmelzspinn- oder dem Extrusionsverfahren, wonach sie heiß verstreckt werden. Durch nachfolgende Wärmebehandlung können sie hochkristallin und schrumpfarm gemacht werden. Einzelheiten zu Polyesterfasern findet der Fachmann in Ullmanns Encyklopädie der Technischen Chemie, Bd. 11, 4. Aufl., S. 305, Verlag Chemie, Wein- heim 1978.Usually, the polyamide fibers and polyester fibers are produced by the melt spinning or extrusion process, after which they are hot drawn. By subsequent heat treatment they can be made highly crystalline and low in shrinkage. For details on polyester fibers, the skilled worker in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. 11, 4th ed., P. 305, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1978.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform können die synthetischen Fasern, beispielsweise aus Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polyester, Polyamid, Polymethylmethacrylat, Polystyrol, als Microfasern eingesetzt werden. Unter Microfasern werden Fäden mit Ein- zeltitern von höchstens 1,1 dtex pro Faser (0,11 g/1000 m Faser), vorzugsweise zwischen 0,3 (0,03 g/1000 m Faser) und 1 ,1 dtex pro Faser (0,11 g/1000 m Faser), vor der Verstreckung verstanden.In a preferred embodiment, the synthetic fibers, for example of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, can be used as microfibers. Microfibers are filaments having single diameters of at most 1.1 dtex per fiber (0.11 g / 1000 m fiber), preferably between 0.3 (0.03 g / 1000 m fiber) and 1.1 dtex per fiber ( 0.11 g / 1000 m fiber) before drawing.
Einzelheiten zu Microfasern und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung können beispielsweise Fourne, Synthetische Fasern, Carl Hanser Verlag, München-Wien, 1995, S. 551-563 entnommen werden.Details of microfibers and methods for their preparation can be found, for example, Fourne, Synthetic fibers, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich-Vienna, 1995, pp. 551-563.
Polyamidfasern werden aus verschiedenen Polyamid (PA)-Typen, vor allem aus PA- 66 und PA-6, und auch aus PA-11 und PA-610, nach dem Schmelzspinn- oder dem Extrusionsverfahren hergestellt. Anschließend werden sie heiß oder kalt verstreckt. PA-6 ist Polycaprolactam, PA-66 ist aus Hexamethylendiamin- und Adipinsäure- Einheiten aufgebaut. PA-11 ist aus 11-Aminoundecansäure, PA-610 aus Hexamethylendiamin und Sebazinsäure aufgebaut. Einzelheiten zu Polyamidfasern findet der Fachmann in Ullmanns Encyklopädie der Technischen Chemie, Bd. 11, 4. Aufl., S. 315, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1978.Polyamide fibers are made from various types of polyamide (PA), especially PA-66 and PA-6, and also PA-11 and PA-610, by the melt spinning or extrusion process. Then they are stretched hot or cold. PA-6 is polycaprolactam, PA-66 is composed of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid units. PA-11 is composed of 11-aminoundecanoic acid, PA-610 of hexamethylenediamine and sebacic acid. Details of polyamide fibers are given by the person skilled in the art in Ullmanns Encyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, Vol. 11, 4th ed., P. 315, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1978.
Geeignete Polyesterfasern sind z.B. als Trevira@-Fasem von Fa. Trevira GmbH sowie TeretalO-Fasem von Fa. Montefibre im Handel. Geeignete Polyamidfasern sind z.B. von Fa. BASF, Fa. DuPont und Fa. Rhodia im Handel.Suitable polyester fibers are e.g. as Trevira @ -Fasem Fa. Trevira GmbH and TeretalO-Fasem Fa. Montefibre in the trade. Suitable polyamide fibers are e.g. Fa. BASF, DuPont and Rhodia Fa. in the trade.
Viskosefasern werden bevorzugt nach dem Viskoseverfahren aus Cellulose erspon- nen: Holzzellstoff (Cellulose) wird mit Natronlauge behandelt. Die erhaltene Alkalicellu- lose wird abgepresst, zerkleinert und an Luft stehen gelassen. Die auf diese Weise vorgereifte Alkalicellulose wird mit Schwefelkohlenstoff CS∑ behandelt, wobei CeIIuIo- sexanthogenat entsteht. Das Xanthogenat wird in verdünnter Natronlauge zu einer zähflüssigen Spinnlösung (sog. Viskose) gelöst. Die Spinnlösung wird filtriert und gelagert. Die dergestalt nachgereifte Spinnlösung wird durch Spinndüsen in ein Spinnbad enthaltend Schwefelsäure, Natriumsulfat und Zinksulfat gepumpt, worin die Viskose zu feinen Cellulosefäden gerinnt. Die Fäden werden ggf. verstreckt, danach gewaschen und nachbehandelt. Weitere Einzelheiten zu Viskosefasern findet der Fachmann im erwähnten Buch von Z. Rogowin, S. 76-197.Viscose fibers are preferably erased by the viscose method from cellulose: wood pulp (cellulose) is treated with sodium hydroxide solution. The alkali metal cellulose obtained is pressed off, comminuted and allowed to stand in air. The alkali cellulose prepared in this way is treated with carbon disulphide CSΣ to give celiac sexanthogenate. The xanthate is dissolved in dilute sodium hydroxide solution to give a viscous spinning solution (so-called viscose). The spinning solution is filtered and stored. The dope solution refined in this way is transferred through spinnerets into a spinning bath containing sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate and zinc sulfate, wherein the viscose clots into fine cellulose filaments. If necessary, the threads are stretched, then washed and aftertreated. Further details on viscose fibers will be found in the cited book by Z. Rogowin, pp. 76-197.
Enthalten die erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper neben Melamin- harzfasem andere Fasern, wie Naturfasern, synthetische Fasern oder deren Gemische, so sind solche Flächengebilde bevorzugt, die mindestens 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mindestens 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere bevorzugt mindestens 20 Gew.-% MeI- aminharzfasem, bezogen auf die Summe aus Melaminharzfasem, Naturfasern, synthetische Fasern oder deren Gemische in dem Flächengebilde, enthalten.If the fabrics according to the invention and shaped articles contain other fibers, such as natural fibers, synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof, in addition to melamine resin fibers, preference is given to those fabrics which are at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight. % MeI amine resin fibers, based on the sum of Melaminharzfasem, natural fibers, synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof in the fabric containing.
Enthalten die erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper neben Melaminharzfasem andere Fasern, wie Naturfasern, synthetische Fasern oder deren Gemi- sehe, so sind solche Flächengebilde bevorzugt, die höchstens 99 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mindestens 95 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 90 Gew.-%, insbesondere höchstens 80 Gew.-% Melaminharzfasem, bezogen auf die Summe aus Melaminharzfasem, Naturfasern, synthetische Fasern oder deren Gemische in dem Flächengebilde, enthalten.If the fabrics according to the invention and shaped bodies contain other fibers, such as natural fibers, synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof, such sheets are preferred which comprise at most 99% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, particularly preferably at least 90% by weight. -%, In particular at most 80 wt .-% Melaminharzfasem, based on the sum of Melaminharzfasem, natural fibers, synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof in the fabric containing.
Den erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper können bis zu 25, vorzugsweise bis zu 10 Gew.-% übliche Füllstoffe, insbesondere solche auf Basis von Silikaten wie Glimmer, sowie Farbstoffe, Pigmente, Metallpulver, Mattierungsmittel und Spinnhilfsmittel zugesetzt werden.Up to 25, preferably up to 10% by weight of customary fillers, in particular those based on silicates, such as mica, as well as dyes, pigments, metal powders, matting agents and spin aids, may be added to the fabrics and moldings according to the invention.
Insbesondere können die erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde antistatisch wirkende Zusätze entsprechend der DIN EN 1149-1 enthalten.In particular, the fabrics of the invention may contain antistatic additives according to DIN EN 1149-1.
Die zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper einge- setzten Fäden und/oder die in ihnen enthaltenen Fasern können in bekannter Weise behandelt werden, bevor sie zum Gewebe verarbeitet werden, z.B. durch Vorbleichen, Färben, Ausrüsten mit Textilhilfsstoffen, Hydrophobieren, usw.The threads and / or the fibers contained in them for the production of the fabrics and shaped bodies according to the invention can be treated in a known manner before they are processed into the fabric, e.g. by pre-bleaching, dyeing, finishing with textile auxiliaries, hydrophobing, etc.
Die verschiedenen Faserarten werden üblicherweise als Flocke vorgemischt und mit- tels den bekannten, in der Textilindustrie üblichen Verfahren zu Garnen ausgesponnen. Jedoch ist es auch möglich, die Fasern auf andere Weise zu Garnen zu verarbeiten. Derartige Verfahren sind dem Fachmann bekannt.The various fiber types are usually premixed as a flake and spun into yarns by means of the known processes customary in the textile industry. However, it is also possible to process the fibers into yarns in other ways. Such methods are known to the person skilled in the art.
Diese Garne können dann je nach Anwendungsgebiet zu verschiedenartigen textilen oder nicht-textilen Geweben weiterverarbeitet werden. Bevorzugt weisen die Garne eine Feinheit von Nm 5 bis Nm 70, insbesondere Nm 20 bis Nm 50 auf. Das Flächengewicht der daraus hergestellten erfindungsgemäßen Gewebe ist bevorzugt 70 bis 900, insbesondere 120 bis 600 und besonders bevorzugt 300 bis 500 g/m2.These yarns can then be further processed depending on the field of application to various types of textile or non-textile fabrics. The yarns preferably have a fineness of from Nm 5 to Nm 70, in particular Nm 20 to Nm 50. The basis weight of the fabrics according to the invention produced therefrom is preferably 70 to 900, in particular 120 to 600 and particularly preferably 300 to 500 g / m 2 .
Die verschiedenen Faserarten können ebenso in an sich üblicher Weise als Flocke vorgemischt und mittels den bekannten, in der Textilindustrie üblichen Verfahren zu Vliesen verarbeitet werden unter Erhalt der erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde oder Formkörper.The various types of fibers can also be premixed in a conventional manner as a flake and processed by means of the known, customary in the textile industry processes to nonwovens to obtain the inventive sheet or molding.
Als erfindungsgemäße Formkörper kommen vorzugsweise solche in Betracht, die auf der Außenseite Melaminfasern aufweisen, so dass beim Reinigen einer Oberfläche diese in Kontakt mit den Melaminfasern des Formkörpers kommt.Preferred moldings according to the invention are those which have melamine fibers on the outside, so that when a surface is cleaned, it comes into contact with the melamine fibers of the molding.
Erfindungsgemäße Formkörper können vorteilhaft erhalten werden durch Beschichtung eines Formkörpers, vorzugsweise eines porösen Formkörpers, wie eines inelastischen, vorteilhaft eines elastischen, offen oder geschlossenporigen natürlichen, vorzugsweise synthetischen Schwammes, mit Melaminfasern oder Garnen aus Melaminfasern.Shaped bodies according to the invention can advantageously be obtained by coating a shaped body, preferably a porous shaped body, such as an inelastic, advantageously an elastic, open or closed-cell natural, preferably synthetic sponge, with melamine fibers or yarns of melamine fibers.
Solche Formkörper, insbesondere Schwämme, und Verfahren zu deren Beschichtung mit faserigem Material sind an sich bekannt.Such moldings, in particular sponges, and processes for their coating with fibrous material are known per se.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper können eine hitze-, öl-, schmutz- und/oder feuchtigkeitsabweisende und/oder öl-, schmutz- und/oder feuchtig- keitsadsorbierende Ausrüstung enthalten. Die Flächengebilde und Formkörper können mit dem Ausrüstungsmittel imprägniert oder beschichtet werden.The sheetlike structures and shaped bodies according to the invention may contain a heat, oil, dirt and / or moisture repellent and / or oil, dirt and / or moisture adsorbing equipment. The fabrics and moldings may be impregnated or coated with the finishing agent.
Solche Verbindungen sind als textile Hilfsmittel dem Fachmann bekannt (vgl. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5.Ed., Vol. A26, S. 306-312). Beispiele für was- serabweisende Verbindungen sind Metallseifen, Silikone, fluororganische Verbindungen, z.B. Salze perfluorierter Carbonsäuren, Polyacrylsäureester perfluorierter Alkohole (siehe EP-B-366 338 und dort zitierte Literatur) oder Tetrafluorethylenpolymerisate. Insbesondere die beiden letztgenannten Polymerisate finden auch als oleophobe Ausrüstung Verwendung.Such compounds are known to the person skilled in the art as textile auxiliaries (compare Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5.Ed., Vol. A26, pp. 306-312). Examples of water-repellent compounds are metal soaps, silicones, fluoroorganic compounds, e.g. Salts of perfluorinated carboxylic acids, polyacrylic acid perfluorinated alcohols (see EP-B-366 338 and literature cited therein) or tetrafluoroethylene polymers. In particular, the latter two polymers are also used as oleophobic equipment.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper vereinen gute Abriebfestigkeit, gutes Wasch- und Trockenverhalten unter Industriebedingungen (geringes Auswaschen von Fasern), und hohe mechanische Festigkeit mit guter Reinigungswirkung von Oberflächen. Zur Reinigung von Oberflächen mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper können auf einfache Weise die Oberflächen abgeputzt werden.The fabrics and moldings of the invention combine good abrasion resistance, good washing and drying behavior under industrial conditions (low washing out of fibers), and high mechanical strength with good cleaning action of surfaces. For cleaning surfaces by means of the fabrics according to the invention and moldings, the surfaces can be plastered in a simple manner.
Dieses Abputzen kann unter Einsatz von flüssigen Hilfsmitteln, wie wässrigen Deter- gentienlösungen oder organischen flüssigen Lösungsmittel, wie Alkoholen, insbesondere Methanol, Ethanol, i-Propanol, n-Propanol, wie Ketonen, insbesondere Aceton oder Methylethylketon, wie aliphatischen oder aromatischen, halogenierten oder nicht- halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen erfolgen.This cleaning can be carried out using liquid auxiliaries, such as aqueous detergent solutions or organic liquid solvents, such as alcohols, in particular methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, n-propanol, such as ketones, in particular acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, such as aliphatic or aromatic, halogenated or non-halogenated hydrocarbons take place.
Vorteilhaft kann dieses Abputzen ohne den Einsatz solcher flüssigen Hilfsmittel erfolgen.Advantageously, this cleaning can be done without the use of such liquid aids.
Das Abputzen kann durch manuelles Abreiben der Oberfläche mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde oder Formkörper erfolgen.The cleaning can be done by manually rubbing the surface with a sheet or molding according to the invention.
Ebenso kann das Abputzen durch maschinelles Abreiben der Oberfläche mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde oder Formkörper, beispielsweise mittels an sich bekannten Poliermaschinen, wie sie z.B. für das Polieren von Autolackoberflächen oder Parkettböden bekannt sind.Likewise, the cleaning by machine abrasion of the surface with a sheet or molding according to the invention, for example by means of known polishing machines, as e.g. are known for polishing car paint surfaces or parquet floors.
Dem gemäß kommen für die erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper verschiedene geometrische Ausgestaltungsformen in Betracht.Accordingly, various geometrical embodiments come into consideration for the sheetlike structures and shaped bodies according to the invention.
Für die manuelle Reinigung können vorteilhaft Putztücher oder Putzlappen, also zwei- dimensional flächige Gebilde, die teilweise oder vollständig das erfindungsgemäße Flächengebilde aufweisen, oder Putzhandschuhe, also Handschuhe, deren äußere Oberfläche vollständig oder teilweise, insbesondere vollständig oder teilweise auf der der Handinnenfläche zugewandten Seite des Handschuhs, ein erfindungsgemäßes Flächengebilde aufweisen, oder Bürsten, vorzugsweise solche, die Melaminharzfasem alleine oder im Gemisch mit den genannten Naturfasern, synthetischen Fasern oder deren Gemischen oder erfindungsgemäße Flächengebilde oder Formkörper teilweise oder vollständig als Borsten oder Putzstreifen aufweisen, eingesetzt werden.For manual cleaning can advantageously cleaning cloths or cloths, so two-dimensionally flat structures that partially or completely comprise the fabric of the invention, or cleaning gloves, ie gloves whose outer surface completely or partially, in particular completely or partially on the palm of the hand facing side Glove, have a sheet according to the invention, or brushes, preferably those which melamine resin fibers alone or in admixture with said natural fibers, synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof or inventive sheets or moldings partially or completely as bristles or cleaning strips, are used.
Im Falle einer maschinellen Reinigung sollte sich die Form des Flächengebildes oder des Formkörpers vorzugsweise nach der Bewegung des Flächengebildes oder des Formkörpers durch die Maschine gegenüber der zu reinigenden Oberfläche sowie der Befestigung des erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebildes an der Maschine richten. Somit kommen in erster Linie runde, ellipsoide, bandförmige oder walzenförmige Flächengebilde oder Formkörper in Betracht.In the case of a machine cleaning, the shape of the sheet or of the shaped body should preferably be directed to the machine after the movement of the sheet or the molding by the machine with respect to the surface to be cleaned and the attachment of the sheet according to the invention. Thus, in the first place round, ellipsoidal, band-shaped or cylindrical sheets or moldings come into consideration.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper sind an sich für die Reinigung verschiedenster Oberflächen geeignet. Besonders gute Reinigungswirkungen lassen sich auf glatten Oberflächen erzielen, wie auf Glas, auf lackiertem oder un lackiertem Metall, auf glasierten Materialien, wie Keramiken, Porzellan oder Steinzeug, auf lackierten oder unlackierten Kunststoffoberflächen.The fabrics of the invention and molded articles are suitable for the cleaning of a wide variety of surfaces. Particularly good cleaning effects can be achieved on smooth surfaces, such as on glass, on lacquered or uncoated metal, on glazed materials, such as ceramics, porcelain or stoneware, on lacquered or unpainted plastic surfaces.
Dabei sollten die zu reinigenden Oberflächen eine größere Härte aufweisen als die erfindungsgemäß zur Reinigung der Oberfläche eingesetzten, durch die Melaminfasern abriebfesten Flächengebilde oder Formkörper, um ein Zerkratzen der zu reinigenden Oberfläche zu vermeiden. Ein diesbezüglicher Vorversuch kann auf technisch einfache Weise leicht durchgeführt werden.The surfaces to be cleaned should have a greater hardness than those used according to the invention for cleaning the surface, abrasion-resistant by the melamine fibers fabrics or moldings to avoid scratching the surface to be cleaned. A related preliminary test can easily be carried out in a technically simple way.
Als Glasoberflächen kommen beispielsweise Glasscheiben, wie Fensterscheiben, Bildschirmoberflächen oder die Auflageflächen in Fotokopieren oder Scannern, oder optische Linsen, beispielsweise in Brillen, Ferngläsern oder Mikroskopen, in Betracht.Examples of glass surfaces are glass panes, such as window panes, screen surfaces or the bearing surfaces in photocopiers or scanners, or optical lenses, for example in spectacles, binoculars or microscopes.
Als Kunststoffoberflächen kommen beispielsweise Möbeloberflächen, die Oberflächen elektrischer oder elektronischer Geräte, Kunststoffoberflächen in der Innenausstattung von Kraftfahrzeugen oder optische Linsen, beispielsweise in Brillen, Ferngläsern oder Mikroskopen, in Betracht.As plastic surfaces are, for example, furniture surfaces, the surfaces of electrical or electronic equipment, plastic surfaces in the interior of motor vehicles or optical lenses, for example in glasses, binoculars or microscopes, into consideration.
Als besonders vorteilhaft haben sich die erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper bei der Entfernung von fetthaltigem Schmutz, insbesondere Hautfett, wie Fingerabdrücken, von Oberflächen, vorzugsweise von Glasoberflächen oder Kunststoffoberflächen, insbesondere von Glasoberflächen erwiesen.The fabrics and shaped bodies according to the invention have proven particularly advantageous in the removal of greasy soil, in particular skin grease such as fingerprints, from surfaces, preferably from glass surfaces or plastic surfaces, in particular from glass surfaces.
Sollte die Reinigungswirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper bei häufiger Anwendung nachlassen, so können die erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebilde und Formkörper in an sich üblicher Weise, insbesondere unter Einsatz flüssiger Hilfsmittel, gereinigt werden unter Rückerhalt ihrer ursprünglichen Reinigungswirkung.If the cleaning effect of the fabrics according to the invention and moldings diminish with frequent use, then the fabrics of the invention and moldings can be cleaned in a conventional manner, in particular using liquid aids, while retaining their original cleaning effect.
BeispieleExamples
Beispiel 1example 1
Für die Beispiele und Vergleichsbeispiele wurde eine Spiegelglasscheibe als Oberfläche mit folgenden Substanzen als Schmutz beaufschlagt:For the examples and comparative examples, a mirror glass pane was treated as a surface with the following substances as dirt:
Schmutz A: Es wurde Haarspray (Taft Haarspray extra stark, Firma Schwarzkopf) aufgesprüht.Dirt A: Hair spray (Taft hair spray extra strong, Schwarzkopf company) was sprayed on.
Schmutz B: Es wurde Hühner-Eiweiß auf die Scheibe aufgestrichen Beide Verschmutzungen wurden an der Luft bei Umgebungstemperatur 24 Stunden getrocknet.Dirt B: Chicken egg whites were spread on the glass Both soils were air dried at ambient temperature for 24 hours.
Es wurde die Entfernung der Verschmutzungen mit folgenden Flächengebilden (im folgenden als „Tuch" bezeichnet) untersucht:The removal of the contaminants with the following fabrics (hereinafter referred to as "cloth") was investigated:
Tuch 1 (Vergleich): Baumwolltuch (Haushaltstuch VILEDA, Firma Freudenberg) Tuch 2 (Vergleich): Mikrofasertuch (Spontex „Fensterwunder ultrafeine Microfaser, MAPA GmbH)Cloth 1 (comparison): cotton cloth (household cloth VILEDA, company Freudenberg) cloth 2 (comparison): microfiber cloth (Spontex "window miracle ultrafine microfiber, MAPA GmbH)
Tuch 3 (Erfindungsgemäß): Vlies aus Melaminfasem (BASOFIL ®, BASF Aktiengesellschaft)Cloth 3 (Inventive): Fleece made of melamine fibers (BASOFIL®, BASF Aktiengesellschaft)
Zur Testung der Reinigungswirkung von Tuch 1 , 2 und 3 wurden Oberflächen mit Schmutz A bzw. Schmutz B je fünfmal mit dem betreffenden Tuch hin- und her abgerieben (also Schmutz A bzw. Schmutz B insgesamt zehnmal überquert). Die Reinigungswirkung wurde optisch ermittelt und wie folgt bewertet: Keine Wirkung ( — ) Geringe Wirkung (-) Wirkung bemerkbar (-) Eindeutige Wirkung (+) Gute Wirkung (++) Sehr gute Wirkung (+++)To test the cleaning effect of cloths 1, 2 and 3, surfaces with dirt A or dirt B were rubbed back and forth five times with the cloth in question (ie, dirt A and / or soil B were crossed a total of ten times). The cleaning effect was determined optically and evaluated as follows: No effect (-) Low effect (-) Effect noticeable (-) Unique effect (+) Good effect (++) Very good effect (+++)
Es wurden folgende Ergebnisse erhalten:The following results were obtained:
Beispiel 2Example 2
Es wurde wie in Beispiel 1 verfahren mit dem Unterschied, dass die Oberfläche mit dem Schmutz vor dem Abreiben leicht angehaucht wurde. Es wurden folgende Ergebnisse erhalten:The procedure was as in Example 1 with the difference that the surface was slightly touched with the dirt before rubbing. The following results were obtained:
Beispiel 3 Example 3
Es wurde wie in Beispiel 1 verfahren mit dem Unterschied, dass Tuch 1 , 2 und 3 vor der Durchführung von Beispiel 3 mit Wasser angefeuchtet wurden. Es wurden folgende Ergebnisse erhalten:The procedure was as in Example 1 with the difference that cloths 1, 2 and 3 were moistened with water prior to the implementation of Example 3. The following results were obtained:
Es zeigte sich, dass in allen Beispielen das erfindungsgemäße Tuch gegenüber den Vergleichstüchern deutlich bessere Reinigungseigenschaften aufwies. It was found that in all examples the cloth according to the invention had distinctly better cleaning properties compared with the comparative fabrics.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Flächengebilde und Formkörper zur Reinigung von Oberflächen enthaltend MeI- aminfasern.1. Sheet-like structures and moldings for cleaning surfaces containing melamine fibers.
2. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Flächengebilden und Formkörpern zur Reinigung von Oberflächen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man bei der Herstellung MeI- aminfasern einsetzt.2. A process for the production of fabrics and moldings for the cleaning of surfaces, characterized in that one uses in the production of Mei- aminfasern.
3. Verwendung von Flächengebilden und Formkörpern enthaltend Melaminfasem zur Reinigung von Oberflächen.3. Use of fabrics and moldings containing melamine fibers for cleaning surfaces.
4. Verwendung von Melaminfasem zur Herstellung von Flächengebilden und Formkörpern für die Reinigung von Oberflächen.4. Use of melamine fibers for the production of fabrics and moldings for the cleaning of surfaces.
5. Verfahren zur Reinigung von Oberflächen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man zur Reinigung Flächengebilde und Formkörper enthaltend Melaminfasem einsetzt. 5. A process for the purification of surfaces, characterized in that one uses for cleaning fabrics and moldings containing melamine fibers.
EP06763610A 2005-06-10 2006-06-09 Sheet-like and shaped articles for cleaning surfaces Withdrawn EP1904675A1 (en)

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WO2006131559A1 (en) 2006-12-14
JP2008541969A (en) 2008-11-27

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