EP1918637A1 - Contrôle d'un four à biomasse - Google Patents

Contrôle d'un four à biomasse Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1918637A1
EP1918637A1 EP06022499A EP06022499A EP1918637A1 EP 1918637 A1 EP1918637 A1 EP 1918637A1 EP 06022499 A EP06022499 A EP 06022499A EP 06022499 A EP06022499 A EP 06022499A EP 1918637 A1 EP1918637 A1 EP 1918637A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
carbon monoxide
temperature
flame
biomass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06022499A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl Stefan Riener
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP06022499A priority Critical patent/EP1918637A1/fr
Publication of EP1918637A1 publication Critical patent/EP1918637A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/12—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel being fed to the combustion zone by free fall or by sliding along inclined surfaces, e.g. from a conveyor terminating above the fuel bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/04—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply and with draught
    • F23N1/042—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply and with draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F24B1/024—Closed stoves for pulverulent fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F23G2207/1015—Heat pattern monitoring of flames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/104—Arrangement of sensing devices for CO or CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55003—Sensing for exhaust gas properties, e.g. O2 content

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a control for biomass firing, and more particularly to control in consideration of flue gas composition and temperature of a flame in biomass firing.
  • biomass furnaces for a wide variety of performance requirements, e.g. Large-scale plants, medium-sized plants or even plants for the private household.
  • control technology for large plants is well advanced and low emission values are achieved with the highest possible efficiency.
  • medium and small biomass furnaces especially micro-systems, for example.
  • the transfer of regulations, as developed for large systems, to smaller systems is not readily possible because some control parameters may have a completely different behavior and in addition, for example, the operation of small systems is different.
  • control systems such as those used in large scale plants are generally too expensive for low power plants.
  • the oxygen measurement in the case of burns is sufficiently known and is carried out, for example, by means of a so-called lambda probe, as is also known from the motor vehicle field.
  • a so-called lambda probe as is also known from the motor vehicle field.
  • the residual oxygen content in the flue gas can be determined and thus the quality of the combustion can be influenced by changing the oxygen supply to the combustion.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved method for controlling or regulating a biomass furnace.
  • a first aspect of the present invention relates to a method for controlling and / or regulating biomass combustion, comprising: measuring a carbon monoxide concentration in a flue gas resulting from combustion of fuel in the biomass furnace; Measuring a temperature of a flame resulting from the combustion of the fuel; and outputting a control signal based on the measurement of the carbon monoxide concentration and / or the measurement of the flame temperature.
  • a second aspect of the present invention relates to a control device and / or a control device for biomass combustion, comprising: a carbon monoxide measuring means which outputs a carbon monoxide signal as a function of a concentration of carbon monoxide in a flue gas resulting from combustion in the biomass furnace; a temperature measuring means which outputs a temperature signal in response to a temperature of a flame of the combustion; and an evaluation means, which evaluates the carbon monoxide signal and the temperature signal and outputs a control signal as a function of the evaluation.
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment of a control device in accordance with the present invention is illustrated.
  • biomass furnaces for various types of biomass that serve as fuel.
  • biomass furnaces Kilns for combustion of biomass such as logs, shreds, pellets, agricultural fuels (eg, grain, straw), reeds, sewage sludge, textile fibers, etc. meant.
  • the biomass furnaces differ considerably in terms of their design.
  • the biomass furnaces in the embodiments differ in terms of their purpose - from the small room fireplace, such as a stove, a complete home central heating, which also produces hot water, to the central system, such as for industrial halls or for heating Stables and other residential / utility buildings in agriculture is used.
  • optimal control requires control that ensures the appropriate framework conditions for the combustion of biomass.
  • Combustion processes are based in principle on the oxidation of fuel. To fully convert the fuel into stable end products such as carbon dioxide and water, a corresponding stoichiometric balance must be provided, i. so much oxygen must be supplied to the burning fuel that all components are oxidized.
  • a so-called lambda probe which measures the oxygen concentration in the flue gas, which is formed during combustion.
  • the lambda value indicates the ratio of oxygen fed and required for the combustion in the sense of stoichiometry, so that a lambda value equal to 1 means that the supplied oxygen was completely consumed for combustion.
  • a value greater than 1 therefore means that more air (or oxygen, the two terms can be used interchangeably below) than was required for the combustion was supplied.
  • the biomass furnaces are partially operated in excess air, ie lambda greater than 1, since in these cases the efficiency of the combustion can be higher. Furthermore, operation in excess air ensures that there is always enough oxygen available for combustion, so that variations in combustion, such as those caused by fluctuations in fuel quality, do not cause the combustion Combustion can not occur due to the low amounts of air present.
  • the carbon monoxide content in the flue gas of the combustion is measured.
  • This measurement is carried out with a corresponding measuring means, such as, for example, a carbon monoxide sensor of, for example, electrochemical or semiconductor-based.
  • Combustion of biomass is optimized in some embodiments for the emission of carbon monoxide.
  • Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas and an indicator of bad, i. incomplete, burning.
  • the known relationship between lambda value and carbon monoxide concentration in the exhaust gas is utilized.
  • the dependence of the carbon monoxide concentration on the lambda value essentially has the form of a "bathtub curve".
  • This bathtub curve is characterized by the fact that the carbon monoxide concentration increases both if the lambda value is too low and too high.
  • the low lambda value can still be greater than 1, i.
  • the controller automatically finds the state of combustion with minimal CO emissions.
  • the air supply is further increased until a combustion with optimum efficiency sets, namely at the point of the bath tub curve, in which the CO emissions rise sharply again.
  • the "bathtub curve” is system dependent, i. depending on the nature of the biomass firing (such as geometry, materials, etc.) and depending on the nature of the fuel, this curve has a different design.
  • the basic form is preserved, however, so that the above algorithm can always be used.
  • the repetition rate of the algorithm explained above depends on various circumstances, such as the expected stability of the combustion behavior of the biomass combustion.
  • the repetition rate may e.g. already preset at the factory, or otherwise determined. For example. a service technician may adjust this, or a biomass firing control device determines the repetition rate due to fluctuations, etc.
  • the flame temperature is here generally the temperature of a flame, which results from combustion in a biomass firing meant.
  • the temperature of the flame is measured in the embodiments at various locations, such as in an upper or lower portion of the flame. In some embodiments, the measurement also takes place above the flame.
  • Flame temperature is thus also for example the temperature that results above the flame by rising gases and radiant heat meant.
  • the flame temperature is not only the temperature of the (visible) flame itself, but is determined in an area remote from the flame. Nevertheless, in these embodiments, the temperature in the area remote from the flame is directly related to the temperature of the flame itself.
  • the temperature of the flame or the flame temperature or combustion temperature depends on many conditions, among which u.a. the fuel or the fuel quality, the quality of combustion and the air supplied are interesting.
  • the influence of the fuel on the flame temperature depends on its physical and chemical nature.
  • the flame temperature also depends on the water content of the biomass. The higher the water content in the biomass, the lower (under the same combustion conditions) is the flame temperature. This effect is primarily due to the heat of evaporation required for the water.
  • the water content of the biomass is therefore also an indicator of the fuel quality.
  • a low water content can also be beneficial for combustion, since water can serve as a catalyst for carbon oxide combustion and can increase gas radiation.
  • the dimensioning of the fuel plays a role.
  • the burning behavior of firewood differs from that of pellets (biomass pellets).
  • Pellets are additionally produced in different sizes, with different densities and different starting materials (wood, stalk, etc.).
  • the influences of the different fuels are in some embodiments used to collect and evaluate certain data about the currently used fuel (biomass) in biomass firing.
  • the biomass used is known, such as. Pellets.
  • the expected flame temperature in biomass combustion is known. If the actual measured flame temperature deviates significantly from this, it can be assumed that there is a fault. This disturbance may be due to the fact that pellets of inferior quality (eg with too high water content and / or too low density) were used, or that for example there is a disturbance of the air supply and / or the flue draft.
  • Another scenario is that a door to a combustion chamber of biomass firing is open. In an open combustion chamber, the flow conditions of the air supply are disturbed, which immediately has a negative effect on the burning behavior.
  • the air and also the flame in the combustion chamber is mixed with cold air from the outside, so that in this case immediately there is a sharp drop in temperature of the measured flame temperature.
  • the carbon monoxide concentration will also change. However, this is registered in some embodiments only significantly after the temperature change. Therefore, in some embodiments for detecting an open oven door, for example, only the changed flame temperature is taken into account.
  • a change of the fuel ie the biomass used is detected.
  • the combustion of different fuels has different characteristics with regard to the resulting flame temperature and the measured carbon monoxide concentration.
  • the fuel change can be detected due to the resulting flame temperature and / or change in carbon monoxide concentration. This is also recognized in some embodiments, without corresponding values for the flame temperature and / or carbon monoxide concentration being stored.
  • the fuel change is in some embodiments alone due to the time Change in the flame temperature and / or the carbon monoxide concentration recognized.
  • the chimney draft is unsuitable for biomass firing or instantaneous combustion.
  • Chimney draft is understood to mean the flow behavior of the air or exhaust gases withdrawn through a chimney, to which the biomass combustion is connected.
  • the train that is the strength with which the exhaust gases are removed from the biomass combustion, can be too strong or too weak for the current combustion.
  • Air supplied to combustion in a biomass furnace is divided into primary and secondary air in some embodiments.
  • Primary air is the air that is directly fed to the combustion from below or from the side, ie it is also directly fed to the embers produced during combustion.
  • the secondary air is supplied to the flame, that is to say the gases which are to be burned off during the combustion.
  • the subdivision of the supplied air into primary and secondary air has - depending on the phase of combustion (keyword initial phase) - different effects on the combustion and the quality of combustion.
  • the combination of the information of the flame temperature and the carbon monoxide concentration is used to control not only the air supply but also the fuel supply.
  • the combustion is in the excess air range: either the air supply is reduced or the fuel quantity is increased.
  • the decision as to whether to increase the amount of fuel or reduce the air supply may in turn depend on many parameters, such as chimney draft (see above), requested output, fuel type (pellets, logs, etc.), fuel quality (eg from the water content), etc.
  • the biomass firing is controlled by a controller.
  • the control device comprises a carbon monoxide measuring means which is suitable for measuring a carbon monoxide concentration in a flue gas and, if appropriate, outputting a corresponding control signal.
  • the control device comprises a temperature measuring means for measuring a flame temperature. The flame temperature is measured in some embodiments by means of a temperature sensor or flame sensor, which is arranged at least in the vicinity of a flame resulting from combustion.
  • the control device additionally comprises in some embodiments an evaluation unit (for example a microprocessor) for evaluating the carbon monoxide concentration measured by the carbon monoxide measuring means and the flame temperature measured by the temperature measuring means.
  • the control device is suitable in some embodiments, accordingly the evaluation performed in the evaluation to output a control signal.
  • the control signal is used, depending on the control sequence, to control a corresponding actuator or to output a corresponding control signal.
  • actuators in the embodiments of various forms are realized: actuators for the air supply, fuel supply, flue gas blower, air and / or flue gas flaps, etc.
  • the control device comprises in some embodiments, a memory for storing different values, such as expected flame temperatures and / or carbon monoxide concentrations for different biomasses and / or different biomass furnaces.
  • currently measured values of the carbon monoxide concentration and the flame temperature can be stored in this memory in order to be available for a corresponding evaluation in the evaluation unit.
  • the control device comprises a fault memory in which, for example, an interference signal (such as poor combustion, too weak chimney draft, poor fuel quality, etc.) can be stored and thus, for example, read by a customer service representative ,
  • the control signal is also used to output a warning light or an audible warning signal when, for example, the door is open, or the control device has detected that there is a fault in the biomass firing.
  • the control device can be arranged at any point in or on the biomass furnace. In some embodiments, it is located outside or away from the biomass furnace.
  • the controller includes the complete control logic for biomass firing, while in others the controller includes only the components necessary to control the air supply.
  • the actuators to count for example, to control the fuel supply, the air supply, the distribution of primary and secondary air, a flue gas blower, etc. are required.
  • FIG. 1 shows a biomass furnace 1 as it can be used for example in the embodiments.
  • the biomass furnace in FIG. 1 has a combustion chamber 3 and a fuel chamber 5, which are separated from one another by an intermediate wall 19.
  • Pellets arranged so that the fuel 7 via a fuel supply 21 can be conveyed into a fuel bowl 41.
  • the screw conveyor 9 is driven by a motor 45.
  • the fuel bowl 41 the fuel supplied is burned and the combustion taking place therein is supplied from below through an opening 28 with primary air 25.
  • the primary air 25 passes by means of a supply air line 15 from the outside into the fuel bowl 41.
  • the supply air 17 which enters the supply air line 15 from the outside, is controlled by means of a Zu Kunststoffstellgliedes 43.
  • the supply air actuator 43 controls the amount of air that is supplied and is capable of positions from 0% (tight) to 100% (open), and intermediate values.
  • the supply air 17 is passed through the supply air line 15, which runs in Fig. 1 through the fuel chamber 5, and through the tube 23 into the combustion chamber 3. Then the supply air 17 enters another actuator 29, which can adjust the proportion of primary to secondary air.
  • the actuator 29 can be set so that the supply air 17 is divided either only in primary or secondary air only, or in any intermediate portions of primary and secondary air.
  • the secondary air 27 passes through a secondary air line 26 into the combustion chamber 3 and supplies the flame 39, which is formed during combustion of the fuel in the combustion bowl 41, with air (or oxygen).
  • a flame sensor 33 which measures the temperature of the flame 39 and outputs a corresponding signal via the line 35.
  • the flame sensor 33 is arranged so that a certain temperature at the flame sensor is not exceeded (eg, 800 ° C).
  • the flame sensor 33 is arranged so that it does not come into contact with the visible part of the flame while in others it is located in the flame, for example in the flame kernel.
  • the position of the flame sensor 33 consequently varies in the exemplary embodiments, so that, in principle, each position of the flame sensor 33, which permits a more or less direct measurement of the flame temperature, is realized.
  • the flue gas formed during the combustion is discharged via a flue gas tube 11 as exhaust gas 13 to the outside, for example.
  • a chimney To a chimney (not shown).
  • a Kohlemonoxidsensor 31 In the flue gas tube 11 is a Kohlemonoxidsensor 31, which measures the carbon monoxide concentration in the flue gas and outputs a corresponding signal.
  • the carbon monoxide sensor is arranged here in a front (left in FIG. 1) region of the flue gas tube 11. In other embodiments, the carbon monoxide sensor is located elsewhere in the flue gas tube, in some even outside the biomass furnace.
  • the position of the CO sensor is optimized in that at the location of the CO sensor, the flow of the flue gas is substantially laminar.
  • a flue gas actuator namely a flue gas fan 47 is arranged in the flue gas pipe 11.
  • a flue gas actuator namely a flue gas fan 47 is arranged in the flue gas pipe 11.
  • a corresponding flue gas actuator is missing.
  • the flue gas blower 47 is designed to affect the draft with which the flue gas 13 is withdrawn (in some embodiments, a flue gas actuator comprises only one flap, which consequently can only passively and non-actively influence the flue draft).
  • a combustion chamber door 37 located on the left side in Fig. 1 of the biomass furnace 1, a combustion chamber door 37, which allows access to the combustion chamber 3.
  • a control device 50 which is arranged here, for example, in the bottom region of the fuel chamber 5, the signals of the flame sensor 33 and carbon monoxide sensor 31 are processed.
  • the signals of the flame sensor 33 are transmitted via a line 35 which is connected to the control device 50.
  • the control device 50 has a microprocessor 100, which can process corresponding signals of the flame sensor 33 and of the CO sensor 31. Furthermore, the control device 50 has a memory 102 and a fault memory 104, which are each connected to the microprocessor. In some embodiments, predetermined CO measured values and / or flame temperatures for different fuels are stored in the memory 102. Also, in some embodiments, actual measured CO readings and / or flame temperatures are stored. In the error memory 104, for example, in some embodiments, interference signal that indicate a failure of the biomass firing 1, or the like. stored. In some embodiments, the control device 50 is designed such that it can control different combustion-influencing actuators depending on certain parameters or output control and / or interference signals.
  • actuators are exemplified in Fig. 2 with actuator 1 (106) and actuator 2 (108) designated.
  • the number of actuators to be controlled is in the embodiments but also below or above 2.
  • Using the actuators are, for example, the air supply via the actuator 43, the division between primary and secondary air via the actuator 29, the withdrawal of the flue gas via the flue gas fan 47th , the fuel supply via the control of the motor 45, etc. controlled.
  • the flame temperature measured with the flame sensor 33 and / or the carbon monoxide concentration measured with the carbon monoxide sensor 31 come into question. Furthermore, it is provided in some embodiments that the microprocessor 100 outputs a control signal or interference signal to the error memory 104 and / or to an audible and / or visual warning signal output unit 110.
  • control device 50 performs various controls in dependence on different control parameters (also called manipulated variable).
  • control parameters also called manipulated variable.
  • exemplary control sequences are shown, which are realized separately or together-also in connection with more complex processes, not shown-in the exemplary embodiments. For simplicity, only the relevant parts of the processes are displayed. It goes without saying that these processes can also be part of more complex control processes (control algorithms).
  • One possible control sequence relates primarily to control of the air supply as a function of the measured carbon monoxide concentration (measured with, for example, a carbon monoxide sensor, as explained in connection with FIG. 1).
  • Combustion is started at 60 in excess air.
  • excess air ie combustion with more air than is needed for complete oxidation, has already been discussed above.
  • the concentration of carbon monoxide in the flue gas is measured. This measured value can be stored, for example.
  • the controller reduces the air supply. This can generally be the air supply, but may also relate only to the primary and / or secondary air.
  • the air supply is reduced, one moves on the bathtub curve (see above) to "left", ie in a direction with decreasing excess air (ie decreasing lambda value), which may, for example, be accompanied by a reduced carbon monoxide concentration. at Again, the carbon monoxide concentration is measured. If the controller (eg, a controller 50) determines at 68 that the carbon monoxide concentration has decreased by decreasing the air supply, the air supply is further reduced (indicated by the arrow of 68 to 64). If the carbon monoxide concentration has not decreased, the air supply is increased at 70. At 72, the CO concentration is again measured and tested at 74 to see if the CO concentration has been reduced or increased. If it has been reduced, the controller returns to 70 and continues to increase the air supply.
  • the controller eg, a controller 50
  • the controller increases the air supply at 64 again.
  • the controller automatically finds the best point in the bathtub curve, ie the point with the - in terms of CO emissions - optimal air supply (see also the comments above the bathtub curve). In this control process, therefore, the air supply is controlled as a function of the measured carbon monoxide concentration.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a control sequence in which the temperature of the flame produced during combustion is additionally included.
  • This control procedure shows in a simplified manner an exemplary control process.
  • the CO concentration is measured, while at 82, the flame temperature is measured.
  • the measurements at 80 and 82 do not necessarily have to be done at the same time, but can also be done at different times.
  • Measuring the CO concentration and measuring the flame temperature leads to the acquisition of two measured values, namely a CO measured value and a flame temperature.
  • the evaluation at 84 of the two measured values leads in the exemplary embodiments to various events and control logics. This is indicated generally at 84 in FIG. 4 as evaluation of the measurement values and output of a control signal.
  • tax scenarios are explained.
  • the air supply can be increased or decreased.
  • the distribution of primary to secondary air is changed.
  • the fuel supply, the flue gas outlet on a corresponding flue gas actuator, or similar changed to change the quality of combustion.
  • a combination of different measures is made, or there are different hierarchies: first change the air supply, then the flue gas fan, etc.
  • a fuel change is detected by the evaluation of the CO concentration and / or the flame temperature. This can be the case, for example, with combination ovens, which can burn both pellets and firewood, for example, but is not limited to combination ovens.
  • a fuel change is detected whenever a sudden change in the CO concentration and / or the flame temperature is detected. For example, a sudden change is a large measurement change in a short measurement interval (e.g., 1 second).
  • the evaluation of the CO concentration and / or the flame temperature allows a conclusion on the fuel quality.
  • the resulting CO concentration and / or flame temperature for certain fuels with a certain quality eg. Pellets according to DIN standard
  • a certain quality eg. Pellets according to DIN standard
  • the measured CO concentration and / or flame temperature deviates greatly from these known measured values, this can be interpreted as an indication of poor fuel quality and consequently a corresponding control signal can be output.
  • an error signal is stored, which can later, for example. By a customer service representative, can be read.
  • a corresponding audible and / or visual signal is output to indicate the poor fuel quality.
  • the detection of the fuel quality is not limited to pellets, but by the evaluation of the CO concentration and / or the flame temperature and the comparison with appropriate In principle, comparison of the fuel quality for each biomass is possible.
  • an open combustion chamber door is detected by a steeply falling flame temperature.
  • fresh cold air enters the combustion chamber. This gets, u.a. because of thermal currents, quickly into the upper area of the combustion chamber of a biomass firing, causing a strong change in the flame temperature.
  • This strong change in the flame temperature within a short time can be interpreted as a sign for an open combustion chamber door and it can be issued a corresponding signal.
  • a jamming signal is generated which is written to a fault memory, or a control lamp lights up, or a warning signal sounds, etc.
  • the detection of the open combustion chamber door is also utilized in the control process such that, for example.
  • the evaluation of the CO concentration and / or the flame temperature allows a conclusion on the chimney draft, as already explained above.
  • the biomass furnace is connected to a chimney. Flue gas, which is produced during combustion in the biomass combustion, is introduced into the chimney via a flue gas channel of the biomass combustion. Under chimney draft is here understood a corresponding induced draft, which forms due to the prevailing in the chimney flow conditions.
  • a flue gas fan in the flue gas duct of the biomass combustion is a flue gas fan, which also has an influence on the chimney draft and thus on the present in the flue gas duct suction effect.
  • the suction effect in the flue gas channel also influences the Flow conditions in a combustion chamber of biomass combustion, and thus the withdrawal behavior of combustion or flue gas is influenced in the combustion chamber.
  • the chimney draft has a direct or indirect effect on possible turbulence in the combustion chamber and consequently also on the mixing of secondary air and gases to be burned (combustion gases).
  • the mixing of secondary air with the combustion gases is an essential factor for the completeness of the combustion. With a poor mixing, therefore, a higher carbon monoxide concentration in the flue gas is to be expected.
  • the primary or secondary air supplied is indirectly influenced by the chimney draft.
  • a strong chimney draft, ie a chimney draft with high suction effect leads in some embodiments to an increased
  • the controller will adjust the air supply actuator to ensure maximum air supply to reduce the carbon monoxide concentration for combustion. Accordingly, as illustrated in the control flow illustrated in FIG. 3, the controller tries to reduce the carbon monoxide concentration by increasing the air supply. This fails because due to the too weak chimney draft not enough gases can be discharged into the chimney and Therefore, not enough air can be supplied. In this case, too, the flame temperature is too low with respect to a corresponding comparison value, because the combustion is incomplete due to the insufficient air supply. In addition, again, an increased carbon monoxide concentration in the flue gas is expected. Consequently, in these embodiments by an evaluation of the CO concentration and / or flame temperature, a conclusion on, in this case too weak, chimney draft is possible.
  • a general disturbance of the biomass firing is detected by the measured value evaluation.
  • a malfunction of the fuel supply can be detected, or that the ignition of the biomass has not occurred.
  • malfunctions in the air supply due to the poor CO concentration and the low flame temperature can be detected.
  • the air supply (including the flue gas removal), for example, may occur when contaminated by corresponding supply and discharge paths.
  • a grate is present, on which the biomass is burned and by which the combustion is supplied with primary air. Soiling of the grate, for example, leads to a deterioration in the supply of primary air and thus to inferior CO values and / or low flame temperature.
  • the use of an inappropriate biomass or amount of biomass is detected by, for example, the flame temperature rises above a predetermined value.
  • the air supply is reduced and / or the fuel supply stopped to prevent damage to the biomass combustion.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP06022499A 2006-10-27 2006-10-27 Contrôle d'un four à biomasse Withdrawn EP1918637A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06022499A EP1918637A1 (fr) 2006-10-27 2006-10-27 Contrôle d'un four à biomasse

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06022499A EP1918637A1 (fr) 2006-10-27 2006-10-27 Contrôle d'un four à biomasse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1918637A1 true EP1918637A1 (fr) 2008-05-07

Family

ID=37814032

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06022499A Withdrawn EP1918637A1 (fr) 2006-10-27 2006-10-27 Contrôle d'un four à biomasse

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1918637A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008057697A1 (de) * 2008-11-17 2010-05-20 Uwe Kannengiesser Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Umrüsten von Holzöfen auf elektronisch geregelten Abbrand
ITMI20100204A1 (it) * 2010-02-11 2011-08-12 Domotherm S R L Sistema di riscaldamento domestico con sorgente di calore costituita da focolare chiuso alimentato da legna e/o biomasse e sistema di recupero calore dai fumi ad esso applicabile.
EP2085694A3 (fr) * 2008-01-30 2013-05-15 Hwam A/S Poêle à bois commandé électroniquement
ITUA20162790A1 (it) * 2016-04-21 2017-10-21 Prisma Stufe Srl Nuova stufa a biomassa, in particolare a pellet, esibente un funzionamento automatico
US9803870B2 (en) 2011-11-07 2017-10-31 Ihs Innovation Aps Method for burning a fuel in a wood stove, a wood stove with a controller; and an air regulator for a wood stove
EP2770255A3 (fr) * 2013-02-25 2018-01-03 Anton Maggale Procédé de combustion de combustible
IT201800001712A1 (it) * 2018-01-24 2019-07-24 Giuseppe Sorrentino Sistema per l’ottimizzazione del processo di combustione di una stufa/caldaia, in particolare a pellet
CN116535113A (zh) * 2023-05-23 2023-08-04 广西柳钢新材料科技有限公司 双膛窑中间通道防积灰的方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH520897A (de) 1971-03-29 1972-03-31 Von Roll Ag Verfahren zur automatischen Steuerung der Verbrennungsluft in Müllverbrennungsanlagen und Müllverbrennungsanlagen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE10002201A1 (de) * 1999-01-19 2000-07-20 Karl Stefan Riener Koch- und/oder Backherd für den Betrieb mit einer Pelletswärmequelle
AT412903B (de) 2000-10-02 2005-08-25 Herz Feuerungstechnik Ges M B Verfahren zur steuerung bzw. regelung von feuerungsanlagen sowie danach regelbare feuerungsanlage

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH520897A (de) 1971-03-29 1972-03-31 Von Roll Ag Verfahren zur automatischen Steuerung der Verbrennungsluft in Müllverbrennungsanlagen und Müllverbrennungsanlagen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE10002201A1 (de) * 1999-01-19 2000-07-20 Karl Stefan Riener Koch- und/oder Backherd für den Betrieb mit einer Pelletswärmequelle
AT412903B (de) 2000-10-02 2005-08-25 Herz Feuerungstechnik Ges M B Verfahren zur steuerung bzw. regelung von feuerungsanlagen sowie danach regelbare feuerungsanlage

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2085694A3 (fr) * 2008-01-30 2013-05-15 Hwam A/S Poêle à bois commandé électroniquement
DE102008057697A1 (de) * 2008-11-17 2010-05-20 Uwe Kannengiesser Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Umrüsten von Holzöfen auf elektronisch geregelten Abbrand
ITMI20100204A1 (it) * 2010-02-11 2011-08-12 Domotherm S R L Sistema di riscaldamento domestico con sorgente di calore costituita da focolare chiuso alimentato da legna e/o biomasse e sistema di recupero calore dai fumi ad esso applicabile.
US9803870B2 (en) 2011-11-07 2017-10-31 Ihs Innovation Aps Method for burning a fuel in a wood stove, a wood stove with a controller; and an air regulator for a wood stove
EP2770255A3 (fr) * 2013-02-25 2018-01-03 Anton Maggale Procédé de combustion de combustible
ITUA20162790A1 (it) * 2016-04-21 2017-10-21 Prisma Stufe Srl Nuova stufa a biomassa, in particolare a pellet, esibente un funzionamento automatico
EP3236151A1 (fr) * 2016-04-21 2017-10-25 Prisma Stufe Srl Poêle à biomasse, en particulier pour granulés, présentant un fonctionnement automatique
IT201800001712A1 (it) * 2018-01-24 2019-07-24 Giuseppe Sorrentino Sistema per l’ottimizzazione del processo di combustione di una stufa/caldaia, in particolare a pellet
WO2019145854A1 (fr) * 2018-01-24 2019-08-01 Bellintani Claudio Système d'optimisation du processus de combustion d'un poêle/d'une chaudière, en particulier à granulés
CN116535113A (zh) * 2023-05-23 2023-08-04 广西柳钢新材料科技有限公司 双膛窑中间通道防积灰的方法

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2066972B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif destinés à brûler des combustibles
DE102004048986B4 (de) Verfahren zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners
DE112014001000T5 (de) Gasturbinensystem, Steuer- bzw. Regelungseinrichtung und Gasturbinenbetriebsverfahren
DE102010055567A1 (de) Verfahren zur Stabilisierung eines Betriebsverhaltens eines Gasgebläsebrenners
EP2770255B1 (fr) Procédé de combustion de combustible
EP3299718B1 (fr) Détection de type de gaz
EP1918637A1 (fr) Contrôle d'un four à biomasse
EP4058727B1 (fr) Procédé de réglage de la combustion dans des installations de chauffage
EP2208938B1 (fr) Dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides
DE102007055168A1 (de) Verfahren zur Regelung einer Festbrennstoff-Befeuerungseinrichtung
EP4050258B1 (fr) Procédé de régulation d'un dispositif de brûleur avec détermination de la puissance à l'aide d'un paramètre de combustible
EP4060232B1 (fr) Détection de la capacité et régulation du facteur d'air au moyen des capteurs dans le foyer
AT412500B (de) Verfahren zum verbrennen von kleinstückeligem brennstoff
AT412903B (de) Verfahren zur steuerung bzw. regelung von feuerungsanlagen sowie danach regelbare feuerungsanlage
DE102007005149B4 (de) Verbrennungsvorrichtung
CH673699A5 (en) Combustion air regulation system for solid fuel boiler - with separate regulation of total quantity of air and primary secondary air ratio
AT523384B1 (de) Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff
DE102023212455B3 (de) Automatisierung anhand Sauerstoffkonzentration
EP4204735B1 (fr) Dispositif électronique de commande en boucle fermée pour cheminées comprenant un système de combustion inférieur
DE102007023051A1 (de) Kessel mit Brennmaterial aufnehmenden Brennraum
EP3214370B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides organiques
DE102023109080B3 (de) Festbrennstofffeuerstätte für den häuslichen Bereich
DE3839540C3 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewährleistung des kondensationsfreien Betriebszustandes von Rauchgasableitungssystemen
DE4137778A1 (de) Verfahren zum betreiben einer verbrennungsvorrichtung und entsprechend ausgebildete verbrennungsvorrichtung
EP3527891A1 (fr) Système de préchauffage pour conduites de fumées

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK RS

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20081030

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20081201

AKX Designation fees paid

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20100501