EP1924770A1 - Procede et dispositif pour enflammer un melange gazeux combustible dans un moteur a combustion - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour enflammer un melange gazeux combustible dans un moteur a combustion

Info

Publication number
EP1924770A1
EP1924770A1 EP06776977A EP06776977A EP1924770A1 EP 1924770 A1 EP1924770 A1 EP 1924770A1 EP 06776977 A EP06776977 A EP 06776977A EP 06776977 A EP06776977 A EP 06776977A EP 1924770 A1 EP1924770 A1 EP 1924770A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
transformer
primary
voltage
ignition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06776977A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Georg Maul
Dieter Kuhnert
Gerhard Koerner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Multitorch GmbH
Original Assignee
Multitorch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Multitorch GmbH filed Critical Multitorch GmbH
Publication of EP1924770A1 publication Critical patent/EP1924770A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P3/00—Other installations
    • F02P3/01—Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for igniting a combustible gas mixture in a working cycle of an internal combustion engine by means of an ignition system, which includes a spark plug and a voltage converter circuit for supplying the spark plug with ignition energy, wherein the voltage converter circuit, a transformer, a primary circuit, arranged in which a primary side of the transformer is, and a secondary circuit in which a secondary side of the transformer is arranged, summarized, and wherein by closing a switch, electrical energy is fed into the primary circuit and to the primary side of the transformer, a primary voltage Ul is applied, the primary voltage Ul up-transformed by means of the transformer and is transmitted via a transformer core in the secondary circuit, so that a secondary voltage U2 (t) builds up on the spark plug connected to the secondary circuit and upon reaching a critical ignition voltage value U 2 a Bogenent charge ignites.
  • the invention further relates to a method suitable for the voltage converter circuit, an ignition system and a transformer.
  • a working cycle of an internal combustion engine comprises introducing the combustible gas mixture into a combustion chamber, igniting the gas mixture and burning the gas mixture. With the renewed filling of the combustion chamber with fresh gas mixture, a new working cycle of the internal combustion engine begins.
  • the high voltage generation takes place on the secondary side in partial resonance, so that an arc discharge with a burning time in the millisecond range can be reheated for any length by repeated voltage pulses to even under the most unfavorable conditions, such as turbulence in the ignition chamber of the engine by a prolonged burning time to ensure reliable ignition of the gas mixture.
  • the object of the invention is to show a way how the maintenance intervals of ignition systems can be extended.
  • This object is achieved in a method of the aforementioned type in that then to delete the arc discharge energy from the transformer core and the secondary circuit is returned to the primary circle by the transformer is discharged by a degaussing current through a discharge path contained in the primary circuit, and until the ignition of another arc discharge, preferably during the remaining time of the operating cycle of the internal combustion engine, a transfer of energy from the primary circuit is prevented in the secondary circuit.
  • a voltage converter circuit for supplying a spark plug with ignition energy comprising a
  • Continuous current transformer having a transformer with a primary side and a secondary side, which are coupled via a transformer core, a primary circuit in which the primary side of the transformer, connections for a primary voltage source and a transistor switch for switching on the primary voltage are arranged, and a secondary circuit in which the secondary side of the transformer and connections for a spark plug are arranged, wherein the primary circuit via the transformer coupled to the secondary circuit is that energy is transferred from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit in the closed transistor switch, in the primary circuit, a discharge path is arranged, demagnetized by the transformer with the transistor switch open and to shorten the burning time of an arc energy from the secondary circuit in the Primary circuit can be returned, and the discharge path with the primary side forms a demagnetization, which is designed such that a transmission of energy from the demagnetizing circuit in the secondary circuit prevented who that can.
  • the extension of the maintenance intervals obtained with the invention is a significant advantage, in particular for gas engines.
  • Gas engines are used in power plants to generate electricity by burning natural gas. Maintenance and in particular the replacement of a defective spark plug, associated with a loss of production and therefore considerable costs.
  • the surprising finding has also been obtained that the ignition voltage value U z , which ignites an arc discharge in a gas mixture, not only on the composition of the gas mixture, its pressure and the electrode gap of the spark plug, but also by the voltage rise rate of the secondary voltage U2 (t) depends.
  • the secondary voltage U2 (t) In order to further reduce the ignition energy introduced into the gas mixture and thus the wear of the spark plugs, steep rising edges of the secondary voltage U2 (t), ie high rising speeds, are therefore preferred in the present invention. If, for example, the duration of the voltage rise edge of the secondary voltage U2 (t) is shortened from 100 ⁇ s to 5 ⁇ s, the ignition voltage value U 2 , at which the arc discharge ignites, is reduced by approximately 10%.
  • One way to increase the rate of voltage rise of the secondary voltage U2 (t) is to select a higher primary voltage U1 than is required in the ignition system used to ignite an arc discharge. Preference is therefore given to the primary voltage Ul at least twice, yet more preferably at least three times as high, in particular at least five times as high, as is required in the ignition system used to ignite an arc discharge in the gas mixture to be ignited.
  • the minimum value of the primary voltage U1 required to ignite an arc discharge in the gas mixture to be ignited can generally not be calculated or only with extremely great expense.
  • the minimum value of the primary voltage Ul can easily be determined by trial and error when setting an ignition system by slowly lowering the primary voltage U1 when the engine is running until an ignition fails.
  • the inventive method is characterized by short burning times of the arc discharge and therefore allows less wear of the spark plugs used and longer maintenance intervals.
  • a burning time of the arc discharge of less than 15 microseconds under certain operating conditions of the internal combustion engine, in particular during a start or load change phase, under certain circumstances, not in each case an ignition of the combustible gas mixture is effected.
  • the ignition method according to the invention causes a reliable ignition even with very short burn times of, for example, less than 10 microseconds in normal operation of an engine, special circumstances may occur in the transitional operation of an engine, in which the reliability of the invention made ignition can be improved.
  • a simple way to improve ignition reliability is during a work cycle of an internal combustion engine to generate several arc discharges in succession, each of which is erased within a few microseconds.
  • One aspect of the invention therefore relates to a method for igniting a combustible gas mixture in a working cycle of an internal combustion engine by means of a spark plug, wherein during the working cycle by means of the spark plug one after the arc several times, in particular at least three times, an arc discharge is ignited.
  • a voltage converter circuit according to the invention can be ignited with a single spark plug at short intervals of, for example, less than 30 microseconds consecutively several arc discharges and so outside the normal operation of an internal combustion engine, especially during a start phase, gas mixtures can be reliably ignited.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a voltage converter circuit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of a voltage converter circuit according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a transformer for a voltage converter circuit according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 shows the course of the secondary voltage U2 (t) over the time t for an ignition system according to the invention when generating a plurality
  • the voltage converter circuit 1 shows a circuit diagram of a voltage converter circuit 1, with which a spark plug for igniting a combustible gas mixture in an internal combustion engine can be supplied with ignition energy.
  • the voltage converter circuit 1 comprises a transformer 3, a primary circuit 4, in which a primary side 5 of the transformer 3 is arranged, and a secondary circuit 6, in which a secondary side 7 of the transformer 3 is arranged.
  • a spark plug 2 is connected, which is shown schematically in Figure 1 by opposite arrows.
  • the reference numeral 15 unavoidably characterized in the secondary circuit 6 existing parasitic capacitances, resulting in particular by winding capacitances of the secondary side 7 of the transformer 3.
  • the primary circuit 4 is connected to a primary voltage source 10.
  • the primary voltage source 10 is a DC voltage source, which preferably provides a primary voltage U 1 of 100 V to 400 V.
  • the primary voltage Ul can be connected to the primary transistor by closing a transistor switch 11 arranged in the primary circuit 4. page 5 of the transformer 3 are applied.
  • Particularly suitable are field effect transistors, in particular switching power field effect transistors with a switching time of less than 100 ⁇ s, preferably less than 50 ⁇ s, more preferably less than 20 ⁇ s. Suitable transistors are sold for example by the company IXYS under the name HiPerFET.
  • the field effect transistor switch 11 is switched in a manner known to those skilled in the art by means of a control voltage U S ⁇ between a blocking state and a conducting state. To protect the field effect transistor 11 against voltage flashbacks an integrated diode is connected in parallel in the reverse direction.
  • the primary circuit 4 and the secondary circuit 6 coupled to it form a forward converter.
  • the primary circuit 6 is coupled via the ceramic core 16 of the transformer 3.
  • the primary voltage Ul is applied to the primary side 5 of the transformer 3. In this way, electrical energy is fed into the primary circuit 4.
  • the primary voltage U1 is up-converted by means of the transformer 3 and transmitted to the secondary circuit 6, so that a secondary voltage U2 (t) builds up on the spark plug 2.
  • the speed at which the secondary voltage U2 (t) increases depends on the one hand on the magnitude of the primary voltage Ul and on the other hand on the size of the inductances and capacitances contained in the voltage converter circuit 1 and the spark plug 2, which must be charged via unavoidable ohmic resistances.
  • a critical ignition voltage value Uz As soon as the secondary voltage U2 (t) applied to the spark plug 2 reaches a critical ignition voltage value Uz, an arc discharge ignites.
  • a blocking element 13 Arranged in the discharge path is a blocking element 13, which prevents a charging current flowing through the discharge path 12 when the transistor switch 11 is closed.
  • the demagnetizing current flowing in the reverse direction for discharging the transformer is passed through by the blocking element 13.
  • the blocking element 13 is formed as a diode.
  • a second transistor switch can be used, which is controlled in a suitable manner.
  • the electrical energy transferred into the secondary circuit 6 when the transistor switch 11 is open is only partially released by a discharging current flowing in the arc discharge as ignition energy to the gas mixture to be ignited and partially transferred back into the primary circuit, where it dissipates at ohmic resistances. which are inevitably present in the discharge path 12 and the primary side 5.
  • the opening of the transistor switch 11 marks the end of the switch-on phase, in which electrical energy is transferred from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit, and the beginning of the discharge phase, in which energy from the secondary circuit is fed back into the primary circuit.
  • the duration of the switch-on is chosen so that the ignition of an arc discharge and ignition of the gas mixture is reliably achieved. Aging effects of the spark plug, which over time ignite the arc Discharge a slightly higher secondary voltage U2 (t) required, are to be considered.
  • the switch-on phase may be twice as long as the period from the closing of the transistor switch 11 to the ignition of the arc discharge.
  • the transistor switch 11 is preferably opened less than 20 microseconds, preferably less than 10 microseconds, in particular less than 5 microseconds, after the ignition of the arc discharge.
  • the transistor switch 11 is particularly preferably opened at the latest in the moment in which the arc discharge ignites.
  • Particularly short firing times can be achieved by opening the transistor switch 11 after a period of time and starting with the recirculation of energy into the primary circuit 4, which is only 50% to 95%, preferably 50% to 90%, particularly preferably 50% to 80% %, the time that elapses from the closing of the transistor switch 11 to the ignition of the arc discharge.
  • the duration of the starting phase of an ignition system is selected based on empirical values that can be determined in corresponding tests.
  • the subsequent to the start phase discharge phase in which the transistor switch 11 is in its off state, continues until the end of the current operating cycle of the internal combustion engine. The transistor switch 11 is thus closed again only when fresh gas mixture has been introduced into the combustion chamber of the engine and this is to be ignited.
  • the discharge path 12 forms in the illustrated voltage converter circuit 1 with the primary side 5 a demagnetization circuit 14, which is designed in such a way that a transfer of energy from the demagnetization circuit 14 into the secondary circuit 6 during the discharge phase is prevented.
  • the illustrated voltage converter circuit 1 effects the opposite of known high voltage capacitor ignition systems in which a forward converter resonates is operated with the secondary circuit, so that the primary side after opening the transistor switch is a resonant circuit, which initially deprives energy by enmagnetizing the transformer from the secondary circuit and fed back into the secondary circuit at a subsequent half-wave.
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment of a voltage converter circuit 1, with which a shortened burning time of an arc discharge can be achieved, is shown in FIG.
  • the difference from the voltage converter circuit 1 explained with reference to FIG. 1 is that a capacitor 20 is arranged in the discharge path 12.
  • the capacitor 20 charges by means of a demagnetizing current.
  • the diode 13 prevents the capacitor 20 then discharges again and stored in the discharge path 12 energy is fed back into the transformer 3.
  • the capacitor 20 is discharged via the resistor R z .
  • the resistor R 2 can in principle represent any consumer. A retransmission of energy from the demagnetizing circuit into the secondary circuit during the current cycle of the internal combustion engine would counteract the desired effect of shortening the burning time and is therefore undesirable.
  • the voltage converter circuits 1 described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 are particularly suitable for ignition systems which contain a prechamber spark plug.
  • Pre-chamber spark plugs are known, for example, from EP 0675272 B1, which in this regard is incorporated by reference into the subject of the present application.
  • the ignition electrodes of the spark plug are protected in an antechamber from possible turbulence of the igniting gas mixture. Therefore, even with particularly short burning times of the arc discharge of, for example, only 1 .mu.s reliably ignition of the gas mixture can be achieved, since the released by the arc discharge Ignition energy is not distributed by turbulence over a larger area.
  • the turns of the secondary side 7 are formed as a series-connected interconnects 31 on printed circuit boards 32.
  • up to 600 turns can be arranged spirally on a surface of a printed circuit board 32 without problems.
  • 50 to 200 turns preferably 60 to 100 turns, are arranged on a printed circuit board.
  • Higher numbers of turns can be realized, for example, by fitting a printed circuit board 32 on both sides with windings 31 and / or by arranging a plurality of such printed circuit boards according to FIG. 3 as a package.
  • circuit boards 32 are arranged one behind the other.
  • the individual circuit boards 32 have an opening 33 through which a transformer core 34 is passed, which is made of a ceramic material.
  • a transformer core 34 is passed, which is made of a ceramic material.
  • Corresponding ceramic materials with a fast magnetization behavior which is suitable for high-frequency technology are known to the person skilled in the art and are commercially available.
  • the primary side 5 with a few turns, in the extreme case even with a single turn, the U-shaped bent around the transformer core 34 can be realized.
  • the primary side 5 is preferably formed by a printed circuit board 32, on which one or more windings are arranged as conductor tracks.
  • the inductances of the primary side 5 and the secondary side 7 as well as parasitic capacitances, which are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 by the reference numeral 15, and the total ohmic resistance can be minimized, so that extremely allow fast voltage rise rates of secondary voltage U2 (t) to be realized. Due to the helical arrangement of the windings 31 on the individual printed circuit boards 32, it is achieved that there are always only relatively small voltage differences between adjacent windings 31 and, consequently, penetration can be prevented.
  • Gaps between adjacent printed circuit boards 32 and between the transformer core 34 and printed circuit boards 32 are filled with a voltage-resistant potting compound 36, for example, the potting compound marketed by Tyco Electronics under the name Guronic C500-0.
  • a voltage-resistant potting compound 36 for example, the potting compound marketed by Tyco Electronics under the name Guronic C500-0.
  • the transformer is arranged in a transformer housing, which was poured after the introduction of the transformer core 34 and the circuit boards 32 with the potting compound.
  • the potential difference between windings 31 adjacent to one surface of a printed circuit board 32 is only U2 / N2. If the turns of the secondary side of the transformer 3 are arranged in total on n circuit board surfaces, there is a potential difference of U2 / n between turns of adjacent printed circuit board surfaces (ie front and back of a printed circuit board 32 or on both sides coated printed circuit boards 32 between the turns of adjacent printed circuit boards 32) , The potential differences that occur are thus substantially lower than in the case of conventional coils, which consist of wire windings which are wound in several layers around a transformer core 34, since in the prior art Technology between turns of different layers considerable potential differences exist and these still come to lie next to each other.
  • FIG. 4 shows over time t the curve A of the secondary voltage U2 of an ignition system according to the invention, which comprises a voltage converter circuit 1 according to FIG. 1 with a transformer according to FIG.
  • the curve B of the secondary voltage U2 of a modern ignition system according to the prior art is also shown.
  • Both curves show a rising edge of the secondary voltage U2, which drops rapidly when the arc discharge is ignited. If an arc discharge ignites, then the electrical resistance of the plasma formed by the arc discharge is substantially lower than the electrical resistance of the gas mixture. The ignition of an arc discharge therefore leads to a rapid drop of the secondary voltage U2 with a simultaneous increase in the current flowing in the arc secondary current 12th
  • FIG. 4 shows, on the one hand, that a significantly steeper rising edge of the secondary voltage U2 is realized with an ignition system according to the invention (curve A) and, on the other hand, that the arc discharge ignites at about 15 kV, while due to the significantly slower voltage increase of the ignition system according to the prior art (Curve B) ignites an arc discharge at about 16.5 kV.
  • the secondary voltage U2 in both cases returns within a very short time to a value of less than 800 V.
  • the arc discharge burns until the available in the secondary circuit 6 ignition energy is consumed. In the ignition system according to the prior art, this takes several 100 ⁇ s, so that the extinction of the arc discharge in Figure 4 is not visible. In the ignition system according to the invention, however, the arc discharge comes to extinction after a burning time of less than 10 ⁇ s.
  • course of the secondary voltage U2 causes a reliable ignition in normal operation of an internal combustion engine, but may not be sufficient for reliable ignition of the gas mixture outside of normal operation, for example during a warm-up or load change phase of the engine.
  • ignition system described above, one after the other an arc discharge, in each case after a few microseconds, for example, after less than 20 microseconds, deleted, in the energy from the transformer core and the secondary circuit in the primary circuit is returned.
  • FIG 5 shows an example of the course of the secondary voltage U2 over the time t when several arc discharges are ignited during a working cycle.
  • the ignition apparatus described above can already achieve substantially reliable ignition even under unfavorable conditions with two successive arc discharges, it can be particularly advantageous during the starting phase of the internal combustion engine, at least three times, in particular, during the working cycle by means of the spark plug Ignite an arc discharge at least five times.
  • the first arc discharge ignites at an ignition voltage value Uz of at least 10%, preferably at least 15% preferably at least 20%, in particular at least 25% higher, than the ignition voltage value of the arc discharges following in the operating cycle of the internal combustion engine.
  • Uz ignition voltage value
  • the total applied with the successive arc discharges ignition energy and thus the wear of the spark plug used can be minimized.
  • the arc discharges follow one another at a sufficiently short distance, a plasma is present even after the extinction of a preceding arc discharge around the ignition electrode of the spark plug, the increased electrical conductivity of which facilitates the ignition of a further arc discharge.
  • the ignition voltage value Uz of the first arc discharge is approximately 25% higher than the ignition voltage values of the both subsequent arc discharges are.
  • the arc discharges were ignited in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 at a time interval of less than 15 microseconds. In general, it is advantageous to ignite successive arc discharges at a time interval of less than 100 ⁇ s, preferably less than 70 ⁇ s and in particular less than 50 ⁇ s. Conveniently, pauses between successive arc discharges during the work cycle of 1 microseconds to 50 microseconds, more preferably 10 microseconds to 30 microseconds, in particular at least 20 microseconds.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour enflammer un mélange gazeux combustible dans un moteur à combustion au moyen d'un système d'allumage (17) comprenant une bougie d'allumage (2) et un circuit transformateur de tension (1). Ledit circuit transformateur de tension (1) comprend un transformateur (3), un circuit primaire (4) dans lequel est disposé un côté primaire (5) du transformateur (3) et un circuit secondaire (6) dans lequel est disposé un côté secondaire (7) du transformateur (3). Lorsqu'un commutateur (11) est fermé, de l'énergie électrique est fournie au circuit primaire (4) et une tension primaire U1 est appliquée au niveau du côté primaire (5) du transformateur (3) et transférée dans le circuit secondaire (6) de sorte qu'une tension secondaire U2(t) soit établie au niveau de la bougie d'allumage (2) raccordée au circuit secondaire (6) et qu'une décharge en arc soit amorcée lorsqu'une valeur critique de tension d'allumage U<SUB>z</SUB> est atteinte. Selon l'invention, après le désamorçage de la décharge en arc, de l'énergie est réacheminée du circuit secondaire (6) au circuit primaire (4). A cet effet, le transformateur (3) est déchargé au moyen d'un courant de démagnétisation par l'intermédiaire d'une voie de décharge (12) à l'intérieur du circuit primaire (4) et, jusqu'à l'amorçage d'une autre décharge en arc, un transfert d'énergie du circuit primaire (4) au circuit secondaire (6) est empêché. L'invention concerne en outre un circuit transformateur de tension adapté à la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, un système d'allumage et un transformateur.
EP06776977A 2005-09-15 2006-08-19 Procede et dispositif pour enflammer un melange gazeux combustible dans un moteur a combustion Withdrawn EP1924770A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005043972A DE102005043972A1 (de) 2005-09-15 2005-09-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entzünden eines brennbaren Gasgemisches in einem Verbrennungsmotor
PCT/EP2006/008187 WO2007031172A1 (fr) 2005-09-15 2006-08-19 Procede et dispositif pour enflammer un melange gazeux combustible dans un moteur a combustion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1924770A1 true EP1924770A1 (fr) 2008-05-28

Family

ID=37692479

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06776977A Withdrawn EP1924770A1 (fr) 2005-09-15 2006-08-19 Procede et dispositif pour enflammer un melange gazeux combustible dans un moteur a combustion

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7730879B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1924770A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005043972A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007031172A1 (fr)

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CN102396035B (zh) * 2009-04-14 2014-08-27 西门子公司 射束头
JP6554381B2 (ja) * 2015-10-06 2019-07-31 株式会社Ｓｏｋｅｎ 点火装置
CN109526128B (zh) * 2018-11-20 2020-10-16 福建睿能科技股份有限公司 一种驱动电路及开关电源
DE102019124212A1 (de) 2019-09-10 2021-03-11 Audi Ag Entmagnetisierung des Rotors einer fremderregten Synchronmaschine
CN112128798A (zh) * 2020-09-27 2020-12-25 上海交通大学 一种能量、脉宽和频率可控的点火装置
CN113358987B (zh) * 2021-06-02 2024-11-26 中国科学技术大学 一种电弧放电引燃可燃物实验装置
CN118824711B (zh) * 2024-07-22 2025-07-25 台州艾纳特电子有限公司 汽车点火线圈及其点火控制器

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102005043972A1 (de) 2007-03-29
US20090139504A1 (en) 2009-06-04
US7730879B2 (en) 2010-06-08
WO2007031172A1 (fr) 2007-03-22

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