EP1925688B1 - Méthode de métallisation - Google Patents

Méthode de métallisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1925688B1
EP1925688B1 EP07119585.3A EP07119585A EP1925688B1 EP 1925688 B1 EP1925688 B1 EP 1925688B1 EP 07119585 A EP07119585 A EP 07119585A EP 1925688 B1 EP1925688 B1 EP 1925688B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coolant
metallization
component
wall
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07119585.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1925688A2 (fr
EP1925688A3 (fr
Inventor
Gian Paolo Marconi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MARCONI, GIAN PAOLO
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Individual
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Publication of EP1925688A3 publication Critical patent/EP1925688A3/fr
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Publication of EP1925688B1 publication Critical patent/EP1925688B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the metallization of light alloys.
  • light alloy components such as aluminium alloys
  • the process of application on light alloy substrates causes an excessive surface heating, given by the impact of the particles (and by the partial transformation of their kinetic energy into heat) and by the impact of the combustion gas at a high temperature. Since the mechanical properties of light alloys quickly decay in the presence of relatively low temperatures (a little above 120°C), with any method used the metallization imparts no surface improvement to light alloy components.
  • the problem of the present invention is to solve the limits and disadvantages mentioned with reference to the prior art.
  • reference numeral 4 globally denotes an apparatus for metallization, suitable for providing a metal coating on a component 8, preferably a component of metal material in a light alloy.
  • Apparatus 4 comprises means 12 for depositing a metal layer on a component, said deposition means 12 being directly facing a wall to be coated 16 of said component 8 so as to address a flow of metal material on a first surface 20 of said wall to be coated 16.
  • said apparatus 4 comprises a cooling head 24 suitable for sending a cooling fluid flow on a second surface 28 of said wall to be coated 16, the second surface 28 being opposite the first surface 20 so as to not be impinged by the flow of metal material.
  • component 8 may be a globally cylindrical component, wherein the first surface 20 consists of the outer side surface or portion thereof and the second surface 28 consists of the inner side surface or portion thereof.
  • the deposition means 12 comprise a metallization gun 29 suitable for performing an HVOF (High Velocity Oxyfuel) method for metal coating.
  • HVOF High Velocity Oxyfuel
  • Pressure in the combustion chamber 32 is monitored constantly to ensure proper combustion and constant pressure.
  • the particle speed is directly related to the pressure of chamber 32; the gun comprises a converging-diverging nozzle 33 having such shape and size as to create a supersonic jet. Particles of metal powder, which make up the coating, are introduced downstream of the diverging portion through inlets 34 and are then brought to such temperature as to make them partially plastic. A flow of metal particles 40 at high speed is therefore obtained wherein the metal particles exit at a high speed from an outlet 35 of gun 29 and thus impact against the wall to be coated, thus transforming the high kinetic energy into a plastic deformation and heat during the impact and creating the adhesion to the component substrate.
  • Gun 29 preferably comprises also inlet and outlet ducts 36, 38 for a cooling circuit.
  • the cooling head 24 comprises a delivery duct 44, in fluid connection to a cooling fluid circuit 48, said delivery duct 44 being provided with at least one delivery hole 52 for the dispersion of coolant on said second surface 28 of the wall to be coated 16.
  • Said delivery duct 44 comprises a plurality of delivery holes 52 for fluid dispersion, said holes 52 being for example equally spaced along a prevailing extension axis X of the delivery duct 44.
  • the delivery holes 52 are arranged according to an axial-symmetric arrangement relative to said prevailing extension axis X of the delivery duct 44.
  • the cooling head 24 comprises at least one collecting duct 56 suitable for collecting the coolant after this has come into contact with the second surface 28 of the wall to be coated 16 and for conveying it in removal from said head 24 in said cooling circuit 48.
  • the collecting duct 56 is in fluid connection with coolant recirculation means (not shown) suitable for conveying the coolant coming from the collecting duct 56 in a heat exchanger 60, for decreasing the temperature of the coolant.
  • coolant recirculation means (not shown) suitable for conveying the coolant coming from the collecting duct 56 in a heat exchanger 60, for decreasing the temperature of the coolant.
  • the recirculation means are in fluid connection with exchanger 60 so as to deliver the coolant, previously cooled by the exchanger, into the delivery duct 44.
  • the collecting duct 56 is arranged coaxially to the delivery duct 44 relative to the prevailing extension axis X.
  • the cooling head 24 comprises, preferably on an outer portion 64 of the collecting duct 56, sealing means 68 suitable for realising a seal between head 24 and the second surface 28 of the wall to be coated 16 of component 8.
  • head 24 is inserted into the component so as to be surrounded by the second surface 28 of component 8, having the delivery holes 52 directly facing the second surface 28; the sealing means abut against said second surface so as to prevent the coolant to escape through the air space between the cooling head and the second surface 28 of component 8.
  • the sealing means 68 force the coolant, after this has contacted the second surface 28, to flow back into the collecting ducts 56 and leave head 24 and component 8 through said collecting ducts to be reintroduced into coolant 48.
  • apparatus 4 comprises motor means (not shown) of said component 8, suitable for rotating said component 8 relative to a working axis preferably coinciding with said prevailing extension axis X.
  • the metallization method of a metal component comprises the steps of providing means of deposition of a metal layer on a component, addressing by said deposition means, a flow of metal material on a first surface of a wall to be coated of the metal component, the method being characterised in that during the deposition of the metallization flow on a first surface, there is provided the step of addressing a coolant flow, by a cooling head, on a second surface of the wall to be coated, opposite said first surface and not impinged by the metallization flow.
  • the metallization method comprises the steps of providing a collecting duct for collecting the coolant after it has contacted the wall and conveying said fluid away from said head.
  • said recirculation means of the coolant convey the coolant coming from the collecting duct in a heat exchanger, for decreasing the temperature of the coolant and send the fluid thus cooled in said delivery duct.
  • the sealing means 68 realise a seal between the cooling head 24 and the second surface 28 of the wall to be coated 16 of component 8 so as to convey all the coolant into the collecting duct 56, after the fluid has contacted the second surface of component 28.
  • the sealing means 68 force the coolant, after this has contacted the second surface 28, to flow back into the collecting ducts 56 and leave head 24 and component 8 through said collecting ducts to be reintroduced into coolant 48.
  • the component metallization comprises the step of rotating said component 8 relative to a working axis coinciding with the extension axis X of head 24 both during the metal deposition through gun 29 and in the cooling step through the delivery of coolant from the cooling head 24.
  • the component wall Thanks to the high thermal exchange between the component wall and the coolant, which continuously flows into the component, it is possible to control the rise of temperature of the component wall preventing it from undergoing a decrease of the mechanical properties, with particular reference to hardness.
  • the component rotation relative to the cooling head ensures a constant cooling on the entire wall to be coated, at both the first and the second surface.
  • figure 4 shows the profiles of hardness obtained by applications of tungsten carbide on aluminium substrates having thickness of about one millimetre, by prior art processes.
  • the hardness values shown are of the Vickers type and have been measured with a standard load equal to 0.1 kg.
  • the hardness values are affected by the layer concerned by the temperature induced by the metallization technique, so the mechanical features decrease along with the fatigue resistance of the application-substrate assembly.
  • moving from the surface directly impinged by the metallization flow, and thus subject to higher heating, to the inner wall portion it may be noted how micro-hardness increases.
  • this result is stronger when the thickness of the wall to be metallized is greater, since an increasingly larger portion of wall is subject to an excessive heating, with subsequent decay of the mechanical features up to the wall core.
  • ⁇ FAF it is meant the limit of alternating bending fatigue, that is, the strain below which the fatigue breakage for an alternating bending stress does not occur.
  • the application thickness was of about 0.1 millimetres.
  • the fatigue test results, with the same load applied, are as follows: Specimen not coated Specimen coated n. of break cycles 20,000-25,000 n. of break cycles 625,000-640,000
  • the coatings made on light alloys according to the present invention considerably increase (up to more than 20 times) the number of loading cycles that lead to fatigue breakage.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Procédé de métallisation d'un composant métallique dans un alliage léger, comprenant les étapes :
    - de fourniture de moyens de dépôt (12) d'une couche métallique sur un composant (8),
    - d'adressage par lesdits moyens de dépôt (12) d'un flux de matériau métallique (40) sur une première surface (20) d'une paroi à revêtir (16) du composant métallique (8)
    dans lequel
    pendant le dépôt du flux de métallisation (40) sur la première surface (20), il comprend l'étape d'adressage d'un flux de réfrigérant, par une tête de refroidissement (24) sur une seconde surface (28) de la paroi à revêtir (16), en regard de ladite première surface (20) et non injectée par le flux de métallisation (40),
    caractérisé en ce que
    le fluide de refroidissement est fourni par la tête de refroidissement (24) comprenant un conduit de fourniture (44), en connexion fluidique avec un circuit de fluide de refroidissement (48), ledit conduit de fourniture (44) étant doté d'une pluralité de trous de fourniture (52) pour la dispersion de réfrigérant sur ladite seconde surface (28) de la paroi à revêtir (16), lesdits trous (52) étant espacés également le long d'un axe d'extension dominant X du conduit de fourniture (44), le procédé comprenant en outre l'étape de rotation dudit composant (8) par rapport à un axe de travail pendant l'étape de métallisation et de refroidissement,
    dans lequel ledit axe de travail coïncide avec un axe d'extension dominant (X) de la tête de refroidissement (24), le composant tournant par rapport à la tête de refroidissement,
    et dans lequel lesdits moyens de dépôt comprennent un pistolet de métallisation (29) adapté pour réaliser un jet supersonique de particules métalliques à adresser vers la paroi à métalliser.
  2. Procédé de métallisation d'un composant métallique selon la revendication 1, comprenant les étapes de fourniture d'un conduit de collecte (56) pour collecter le réfrigérant après qu'il a touché la paroi (16) et pour transporter ledit fluide loin de ladite tête de refroidissement (24).
  3. Procédé de métallisation d'un composant métallique selon la revendication 2, comprenant les étapes de :
    fourniture de moyens de recirculation du réfrigérant adaptés pour transporter le réfrigérant venant du conduit de collecte (56) dans un échangeur de chaleur (60), pour diminuer la température du réfrigérant et pour envoyer le fluide ainsi refroidi dans ledit conduit de fourniture (44).
  4. Procédé de métallisation d'un composant métallique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, comprenant les étapes de fourniture sur une partie extérieure (64) du conduit de collecte (56), de moyens d'étanchéité (68), adaptés pour réaliser un joint entre la tête (24) et ladite paroi (16) du composant (8) de sorte à transporter tout le réfrigérant dans le conduit de collecte (56), après que le fluide a touché la seconde surface (28) du composant (8).
EP07119585.3A 2006-11-22 2007-10-30 Méthode de métallisation Active EP1925688B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000201A ITBS20060201A1 (it) 2006-11-22 2006-11-22 Apparato per la metallizzazione di componenti metallici e relativo metodo di metallizzazione

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1925688A2 EP1925688A2 (fr) 2008-05-28
EP1925688A3 EP1925688A3 (fr) 2011-03-09
EP1925688B1 true EP1925688B1 (fr) 2017-03-01

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EP07119585.3A Active EP1925688B1 (fr) 2006-11-22 2007-10-30 Méthode de métallisation

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EP (1) EP1925688B1 (fr)
IT (1) ITBS20060201A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2224991A5 (fr) * 1973-04-05 1974-10-31 France Etat
DE68908057T2 (de) * 1988-09-14 1993-11-18 Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Bandes, beschichtet mit flammgespritzter Keramik.
JP2681302B2 (ja) * 1990-02-13 1997-11-26 株式会社オティックス 直打式バルブリフタの溶射処理方法及びその装置
US5436426A (en) * 1993-04-19 1995-07-25 Sulzer Metco (Us), Inc. Fixture and method for cooling tubular substrate during thermal spraying
FR2770156B1 (fr) * 1997-10-27 1999-12-24 Rosenmund Ag Procede et dispositif de realisation d'une barre de couchage utilisable dans l'industrie papetiere
US6305459B1 (en) * 1999-08-09 2001-10-23 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method of making spray-formed articles using a polymeric mandrel

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITBS20060201A1 (it) 2008-05-23
EP1925688A2 (fr) 2008-05-28
EP1925688A3 (fr) 2011-03-09

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