Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
  • H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
  • H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
  • H01J65/046—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by using capacitive means around the vessel
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
  • H01J61/305—Flat vessels or containers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/95—Lamps with control electrode for varying intensity or wavelength of the light, e.g. for producing modulated light
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
  • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
  • H01J2893/0002—Construction arrangements of electrode systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of flat lamps and in particular relates to flat coplanar discharge lamps and the use of this lamp.
• the flat lamps used for the manufacture of devices with backlit screen (LCD) or as a decorative or architectural fixture, consist of two sheets of glass held with a small spacing relative to one another. other, usually less than a few millimeters, and hermetically sealed.
• the internal space contains a gas under reduced pressure emitting ultraviolet (UV) radiation exciter of a phosphor material emitting in the visible and covering the inner faces of the glass plates.
• UV radiation exciter of a phosphor material emitting in the visible and covering the inner faces of the glass plates.
• UV lamps are also formed by choosing a glass transmitting the UV radiation of the emitting gas or a luminophor material emitting in the UV.
• one of the glass sheets also carries on its inner face electrodes mainly in the form of conductive strips parallel to each other.
• two adjacent electrodes constitute a cathode and an anode between which there occurs a so-called coplanar discharge, that is to say in a direction along the main surface of the carrier glass sheet.
• a high frequency voltage source which delivers a pulse train with a low rise time, most often rectangular.
• this coplanar discharge is homogeneous (ie without filaments) with a very low duty cycle (corresponding to the ratio between the conduction time and the period of the pulse train). , of the order of 4%, which is technically complicated to achieve and indeed expensive.
• the object of the invention is to provide a homogeneous discharge flat lamp. In order to extend the range of flat lamps and to adapt to industrial constraints, this lamp must also be simple to produce and to supply and in particular to be exempt from the aforementioned constraints on the choice of the supply signal in terms of time. rise and / or duty cycle.
• the invention proposes a flat discharge lamp transmitting radiation in the ultraviolet or visible, comprising: first and second planar or substantially planar glass elements maintained substantially parallel to each other and delimiting an internal space filled with gas, the first and / or the second glass element being made of a material transmitting said radiation, at least a first and at least a second electrode likely to be at different potentials and to be powered by an alternating voltage, the first (s) and second (s) electrodes being associated with one or the main faces of the first glass element, the first (s) and second (s) electrodes being essentially elongated and substantially parallel to each other, and separated by at least one so-called interelectrode space of width so-called d1 data substantially constant, the lamp further comprising at least a third electrode capable of be at a given potential, combined with a main face of the second glass element and occupying, in projection at least partially the interelectrode space.
• the third electrode or electrodes thus disposed significantly reduced the problems of
• the third electrode or electrodes can be fed simply at initiation, preferably at least periodically or even more preferably permanently.
• the discharge is homogeneous regardless of the chosen alternating voltage (sinusoidal or pulse with high or low duty cycle). All the electrodes are preferably predominantly strip-shaped.
• the first and second electrodes may be of more complex, nonlinear geometry, for example bent, V, zigzag, corrugated, while maintaining a substantially constant width and interelectrode space.
• the third electrode or electrodes preferably have the same structure (design), and remain arranged to fill at least partially one or interelectrode spaces.
• the first and second electrodes are not necessarily arranged on the same face of the first glass element
• the first and the third electrodes may be substantially parallel or crossed,
• the first and the third electrodes are preferably parallel to a longitudinal or lateral edge
• the widths of the first and the third electrodes may be distinct,
• the projection of a third electrode may be centered between a first and a second electrode or be shifted.
• third electrodes are parallel to the first electrodes and at least one third electrode faces an interelectrode gap.
• Third electrodes may also be perpendicular to a first electrode and portions of third electrodes then face the same interelectrode space.
• the distance between two third adjacent electrodes may be equal to or distinct from the width d1 of the interelectrode space.
• the lamp may be large, for example at least 1 m 2 .
• the first glass element, the other glass element, the second glass element in this example may be arbitrary, optionally opaque, for example a glass-ceramic or even a non-glass dielectric .
• the (partially) translucent character can be used to position the lamp and / or to view or to check the operation of the lamp.
• the transmission factor (possibly total) of the lamp according to the invention around the peak of said radiation is greater than or equal to 50%, even more preferably greater than or equal to 70%, and even greater than or equal to 80%.
• said potential is continuous.
• This potential V may be less than 1000 V, in particular between 300 and 500 V, or even less than 100 V.
• a simple grounding is suitable and guarantees electrical safety.
• the projection of the third electrode or electrodes may occupy at least 50% and preferably at least 80% of the interelectrode space, even more preferably 100%.
• the third electrode may substantially completely cover said main face.
• the first (s), second (s) and third (s) electrodes form mainly parallel bands between them the first (s) and second (s) electrodes having a substantially identical width called 11, the or the third electrodes having a width called 12.
• the widths 11 and 12 are substantially identical and equal to the width d1, the widths 11 and 12 being substantially identical, the ratio 11 on d1 being greater than 1, for example 11 is equal to kd1 where k is an integer greater than 1, the third electrodes having a width called 12 and being separated by at least one other space of substantially constant width called d3, the sum 11 + d1 is substantially equal to the sum 12 + d3, 11 is greater than 12, and d1 is less than d3, for example 11 is equal to k'l2 where k 'is an integer greater than 1 and d3 may be equal to or greater than 12.
• the third electrode or electrodes may also have one or the following additional functions: reflect the visible or the UV, provide a solar control, or a low-emissivity function, or, for radiation in the visible, form an electrode of an optoelectronic element associated with the plane lamp (electrochromic, switchable mirror, especially in multilayer systems) for example to make vary the color, the transparency, the transmission or reflection properties of the light, then choosing the appropriate potential, for example of the order of a few volts or ten volts.
• the lamp comprises at least a fourth electrode associated with a main face of the second glass element, which is essentially elongate and substantially parallel to the third electrode (s), and the third and fourth electrodes are likely to be at different potentials and to be powered by an alternating voltage.
• the fourth electrode or electrodes may face a first or a second electrode or be projected by projection between a first and second electrode and an edge of the first glass element.
• a fourth electrode may also contribute to improving the homogeneity of the discharge by occupying at least partially an interelectrode space.
• the width d1 is significantly greater than that between the third and fourth electrodes arranged opposite this space.
• a projection of a third and / or fourth electrode occupies at least partially an interelectrode space.
• the projection of the third (s) and / or fourth (s) electrodes may occupy at least 50% and preferably at least 80% of the interelectrode space, associated even more preferably 100%.
• the gain in optical performance is optimal for 100%.
• the luminous efficiency can reach at least 30 Im / W or 40 Im / w.
• the luminance can reach at least 1500 Cd / m 2 or 2500 Cd / m 2 .
• the first (s), second (s), third (s) and fourth (s) electrodes form mainly parallel strips between them, the first (s) and second (s) electrodes have widths substantially identical so-called 11, the third (s) and fourth (s) electrodes have a substantially identical width called 12 and are separated by an interelectrode space of width called d2.
• the sum 11 + d1 is equal to the sum of 12 + d2 to best fill all the interelectrode spaces, without offset.
• the widths 11 and 12 are substantially identical and equal to the widths d1 and d2.
• the widths 11 and 12 are substantially identical, the widths d1 and d2 are substantially identical and the ratio 11 on d1 is greater than 1, preferably greater than or equal to 5, even more preferably greater than or equal to 10.
• 11 is equal to kd1 where k is an integer greater than 1.
• the sum 11 + d1 is substantially equal to the sum 12 + d2, 11 is greater than 12 and d1 is smaller than d2, d2 being equal to or greater than 12.
• widths 11, 12, d1 and d2 can also be applied to the exemplary embodiment comprising third electrodes at a continuous potential, by identifying d2 at the space between two third adjacent electrodes.
• the width d1 of the first (s) and second (s) electrodes may be greater than 0.5 cm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 cm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 4 cm to enable the voltage lamp to be switched on. relatively low and to spread the plasma to increase the luminance.
• the flat lamp according to the invention may advantageously be used as a luminaire capable of simultaneously illuminating by its two main faces, in particular as an illuminating window when its structure does not comprise any opaque or reflecting layer capable of limiting the light transmission of one side or the other of the lamp.
• the lamp itself may be provided with such a screen, or this screen may be associated with it when mounting the final luminaire.
• the lamp transmits said radiation via the first and second glass elements.
• the emission may be chosen to be identical or different, for example two levels of lighting by varying the thicknesses of the phosphors, by choosing different transparency electrode materials or by choosing different opaque electrode sizes.
• the electrodes can be arranged in the internal space in order to reduce the dielectric thickness and therefore to reduce the amplitude of the AC voltage.
• the first and second electrodes and / or the third electrode or electrodes are disposed outside the internal space.
• the glass element associated with the electrodes acts as capacitive protection of the electrodes against ion bombardment, and in fact forms a dielectric of constant thickness and excellent uniformity ensuring a uniformity of the radiation emitted by the lamp.
• the electrodes outside the internal space may be covered or integrated at least partially in a dielectric element, for example a plane, selected from said first or second glass element, another glass element and / or less plastic, and possibly a glass or plastic element associated with a gas blade.
• a dielectric element for example a plane, selected from said first or second glass element, another glass element and / or less plastic, and possibly a glass or plastic element associated with a gas blade.
• This dielectric element may form part of an insulating glazing unit, under vacuum, under argon, or with a simple air knife. A simple thick enough varnish can also be used.
• This dielectric element serves as mechanical or chemical protection and / or forms a lamination interlayer and / or provides electrical insulation satisfactory if necessary, for example if this electrodes-bearing face is easily accessible.
• the first electrodes can be associated with the first (or second) glass element in different ways: they can be integrated in this element, they can be directly deposited on its outer face, or be deposited on a dielectric carrier element, assembled to the first (or second) glass element so that the electrodes are pressed against its outer face.
• the electrodes can also be sandwiched between a first dielectric and a second dielectric, simply being interposed at the time of manufacture or by being associated with one of the two dielectrics, the assembly being assembled to the first (or second) element glass.
• the first dielectric is a lamination interlayer and the second dielectric is a counter glass or a rigid plastic, preferably transparent.
• the electrodes are on a preferably thin dielectric between two interleaves of lamination, the dielectric being for example a plastic film or a thin sheet of glass.
• the electrodes may alternatively be arranged between said first (or second) glass element and the first dielectric which is for example a lamination interlayer.
• first and second dielectrics can therefore be formed in various combinations associating, for example, a glass or plastic element, (rigid, monolithic or laminated), and / or plastics or other resins capable of being joined by gluing with glass products.
• plastics examples include: polyurethane (PU), which is used as a flexible material, a non-plasticising thermoplastic such as ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), these plastics being used as an interlayer laminating film , for example with a thickness between 0.2 mm and 1.1 mm, in particular between 0.3 and 0.7 mm, these plastics optionally incorporating the electrodes in their mass or carrying the electrodes, rigid polyurethane (PU), a polycarbonate, an acrylate such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), these plastics being used in particular as a rigid plastic, and possibly being an electrode carrier.
• PU polyurethane
• EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate
• PVB polyvinyl butyral
• PE polyethylene terephthalate
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• An electrically conductive foil can be used on the side opposite to the assembly face and optionally a sheet of the same kind to protect the electrodes.
• any aforementioned dielectric element is chosen substantially transparent to said radiation (visible or UV) if it is arranged on the emitter side of the lamp.
• the AC voltage is in the form of cyclic duty pulses preferably greater than or equal to 5%, preferably greater than or equal to 10% or is sinusoidal, or sinusoidal arches.
• Va and Vb be the amplitudes of the alternating voltages respectively of the first (s) and second (s) electrodes.
• the signal Va (t) is between -Va and + Va and the signal Vb (t) is between -Vb and + Vb.
• Va is chosen between 500 and 1000 V, depending on the chosen pressure, and Vb between 0 and 200 V. More precisely, either Vb is grounded or the signal Vb (t) is in phase opposition with the signal Va. t).
• Vc and Vd are the amplitudes of the alternating voltages respectively of the third (s) and fourth (s) electrodes.
• Vc is preferably chosen, for the sake of simplification, equal to Va (or Vb respectively) and Vd equal to Vb (or Va respectively).
• the pulses can be of any form, positive and / or negative, and with a non-zero reference level.
• the frequency it can be chosen between 10 kHz and 100 kHz.
• the first and second electrodes and / or the third and fourth electrodes may be chosen to be transparent or translucent, in particular for applications in the field of lighting, for example from a conductive metal oxide or having electronic gaps. especially fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO 2 : F), mixed indium tin oxide (ITO).
• the electrodes are for example full. They may especially be formed from contiguous leads (parallel, braided, etc.) or tape (copper ...) to be glued, a coating deposited by any means known to those skilled in the art such as liquid deposits, vacuum deposits (magnetron sputtering, evaporation), pyrolysis (powdered or gaseous) or screen printing.
• a coating deposited by any means known to those skilled in the art such as liquid deposits, vacuum deposits (magnetron sputtering, evaporation), pyrolysis (powdered or gaseous) or screen printing.
• masking systems to directly obtain the desired distribution, or to burn a uniform coating by laser ablation, chemical or mechanical etching.
• the electrodes may also each be in the form of a network of essentially elongated conductive patterns such as conducting lines (similar to very thin bands) or conducting wires themselves.
• the patterns may be substantially rectilinear or wavy, zigzag, etc.
• This network can be defined by a given pitch p1 between patterns (not minimal in the case of a plurality of steps) and a pattern width 14 (maximum width in the case of a plurality of widths). Two sets of patterns can be crossed. This network can be organized in particular as a grid, a fabric, a canvas. These patterns are metallic for example tungsten, copper or nickel.
• an overall transparency for example by using an opaque electrode material, especially in layer, and by limiting the width of the electrodes 11 (or 12) and / or by using a network of conductive patterns and adapting, depending on the desired transparency, the width 14 and / or the pitch p1 and optionally the width 11 (or 12) and / or d1.
• the ratio of width 14 to pitch p1 may be less than or equal to 50%, preferably less than or equal to 10%, even more preferably less than or equal to 1%.
• the pitch p1 may be between 5 ⁇ m and 2 cm, preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 1.5 cm, more preferably 100 ⁇ m and 1 cm, and the width 14 may be between 1 ⁇ m and 1 mm, preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m. and 50 ⁇ m.
• a conductive network on a plastic sheet for example of the PET type, with a pitch p1 of 100 ⁇ m and a width 14 of 10 ⁇ m, or else to integrate at least partly into a lamination interlayer, in particular PVB or PU, with a network of conductive son with a pitch p1 between 1 and 10 mm, in particular 3 mm, and a width 14 between 10 and 50 microns, especially between 20 and 30 microns.
• the ratio d1 of 11 (or d2 of 12 or d3 of 12) is adjusted , depending on the desired transparency (UV or visible), this ratio possibly being less than or equal to 50%, preferably less than or equal to 20%. % or less.
• the lamps according to the invention can be without phosphor.
• rare gases helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon
• the gas or gases are chosen according to the color, for example neon for orange, xenon for blue, helium for rosé, xenon and diatomic oxygen for green, argon for purple.
• the lamps according to the invention may comprise at least one phosphor partially or completely covering the internal surface, for example, of the first and / or second glass element.
• the phosphor can emit radiation in the visible or in the UV, and be itself transparent.
• all or part of the internal faces of at least one of the two glass elements may be coated with phosphor material emitting radiation in the visible.
• phosphor material emitting radiation in the visible.
• the phosphor material may advantageously be selected or adapted to determine the color of the illumination in a wide range of colors.
• the lamp according to the invention with a radiation in the visible can be used for decorative lighting, architectural, domestic or industrial, including forming a flat luminaire such as illuminating wall including suspended or illuminating slab. It can also have a display or signage function, for example forming a sign-type panel.
• the lamp can also be an illuminated window, a display, a shelf element, a refrigerator shelf or be a backlight device of a liquid crystal display.
• the pressure may be between 10 and 1000 mbar, preferably between 100 and 200 mbar.
• the lamp according to the invention with UV radiation can be used in the field of aesthetics, electronics, food, as a tanning lamp, for disinfection or sterilization of surfaces, air, water tap water, drinking water, swimming pool, for the treatment of surfaces in particular before deposition of active layers, to activate a photochemical process of the polymerization or crosslinking type, for paper drying, for analyzes using materials fluorescent, for activation of a photocatalytic material.
• the material of the glass element (s) transmitting the UV radiation may be chosen preferably from quartz, silica, magnesium (MgF 2 ) or calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ), a borosilicate glass, a glass with less than 0, 05% Fe 2 O 3 .
• magnesium or calcium fluorides transmit more than 80% or even 90% over the entire range of UVs that is to say UVA (between 315 and 380 nm) , UVB (between 280 and 315 nm), UVC (between 200 and 280 nm), or VUV (between about 10 and 200 nm), quartz and some high-purity silicas transmit more than 80% or even 90% over the entire range of UVA, UVB and UVC, borosilicate glass, such as Schott borofloat, transmits more than 70% over the entire range of UVA, silicosodocalcic glasses with less than 0.05% Fe 2 O 3 , in particular Saint-Gobain Diamant glass, Pilkington Optiwhite glass and Schott B270 glass, transmit more than 70% or even 80% over the entire range UVA.
• UVA between 315 and 380 nm
• UVB between 280 and 315 nm
• UVC between 200 and 280 nm
• VUV between about 10 and 200 nm
• a silica-based glass such as Planilux glass sold by Saint-Gobain, has a transmission greater than 80% beyond 360 nm, which may be sufficient for certain embodiments and applications.
• the UV lamp as described above can be used:
• the lamp serves to promote the formation of vitamin D on the skin.
• the UV lamp as described above can be used for the disinfection / sterilization of air, water or surfaces by germicidal effect, especially between 250 nm and 260 nm.
• the UV lamp as described above is used especially for the treatment of surfaces, in particular before deposition of active layers for electronics, semiconductors ...
• the electrodes may be based on a material transmitting said UV radiation or arranged to allow overall transmission to said UV radiation (if the material is UV absorbing or reflecting).
• the electrode material transmitting said UV radiation may be a very thin layer of gold, for example of the order of 10 nm, or of alkali metals such as potassium, rubidium, cesium, lithium or potassium, for example 0.1 at 1 ⁇ m, or an alloy, for example 25% sodium, and 75% potassium.
• alkali metals such as potassium, rubidium, cesium, lithium or potassium, for example 0.1 at 1 ⁇ m, or an alloy, for example 25% sodium, and 75% potassium.
• An electrode material that is relatively opaque to said UV radiation is, for example, silver, copper or aluminum or else fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO 2 : F), or mixed oxide of indium and tin (I 1 ITO) 5 at least below 360 nm. Indeed, between 360 and 380 nm, a silicosodoclcic glass, for example 4 mm, coated with SnO 2 : F transmits about 60% of these UVA.
• SnO 2 : F fluorine-doped tin oxide
• I 1 ITO mixed oxide of indium and tin
• the gas pressure in the internal space can be of the order of 0.05 to 1 bar.
• a gas or a mixture of gases is used, for example a gas that effectively emits said UV radiation, in particular xenon, or mercury or halogens, and an easily ionizable gas capable of constituting a plasma (plasma gas) such as a rare gas such as neon or helium, xenon or argon, or a halogen, or air or nitrogen.
• the level of halogen (mixed with one or more noble gases) is chosen to be less than 10%, for example 4%. Halogenated compounds can also be used.
• Rare gases and halogens have the advantage of being insensitive to climatic conditions.
• Table 1 below shows the radiation peaks of the particularly efficient UV emitting gases.
• UV radiation at 250 nm is emitted by phosphors after excitation by VUV radiation of less than 200 nm such as mercury or a rare gas.
• gadolinium doped materials such as YBO 3 : Gd; YB 2 O 5 : Gd; LaP 3 O 9 : Gd; NaGdSiO 4 ; YAI 3 (BO 3 ) 4 : Gd; YPO 4 : Gd; the YAIO 3 : Gd; SrB 4 O 7 : Gd; LaPO 4 : Gd; the LaMgB 5 O 0: Gd, Pr; LaB 3 O 8 : Gd, Pr; (CaZn) 3 (PO 4 ) 2 : TI.
• gadolinium doped materials such as YBO 3 : Gd; YB 2 O 5 : Gd; LaP 3 O 9 : Gd; NaGdSiO 4 ; YAI 3 (BO 3 ) 4 : Gd; YPO 4 : Gd; the YAIO 3 : Gd; SrB 4 O 7 : Gd; LaPO 4 : Gd; the LaMgB
• LaPO 4 Ce
• the (Mg 5 Ba) AI 11 Oi 9 ) Ce Ce
• the YPO 4 This
• SrB 4 O 7 Eu.
• UV radiation greater than 300 nm, especially between 318 nm and 380 nm, is emitted by phosphors after excitation by UVC radiation of the order of 250 nm.
• a coating having a given functionality can be a anti-fouling or self-cleaning coating, in particular a photocatalytic coating of TiO 2 deposited on the glass element opposite the emitting face, this coating being able to be activated by UV radiation.
• the lamp according to the invention can be integrated for example in a household electrical appliance such as a refrigerator, a kitchen shelf, etc.
• the glass elements may be slightly curved according to the same radius of curvature, and are preferably maintained at a constant distance for example by spacers such as glass beads.
• spacers such as glass beads.
• These spacers which can be described as punctual when their dimensions are considerably smaller than the dimensions of the glass elements, can affect various shapes, including spherical, spherical bi-truncated parallel faces, cylindrical, but also parallelepiped polygonal section, including in cross, as described in WO 99/56302.
• the spacing between the two glass elements can be fixed by the spacers to a value of the order of 0.3 to 5 mm.
• a technique for depositing spacers in vacuum insulating glass units is known from FR-A-2 787 133. According to this method, glue points, in particular enamel deposited by screen printing, are deposited on a glass plate. a diameter less than or equal to the diameter of the spacers, the spacers are rolled on the glass plate preferably inclined so that a single spacer is glued on each point of glue. The second glass plate is then applied to the spacers and the peripheral seal is deposited.
• the spacers are made of a non-conductive material to not participate in discharges or short circuit.
• they are made of glass, in particular of soda-lime type.
• the lamp may be produced by first producing a sealed enclosure where the intermediate air gap is at atmospheric pressure, then evacuating and introducing the plasma gas to the desired pressure.
• one of the glass elements comprises at least one hole drilled in its thickness obstructed by a sealing means.
• Figure 1 schematically shows a sectional view of a coplanar discharge flat lamp in a first embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2 schematically represents a sectional view of a co-planar discharge UV flat lamp in a second embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 3 schematically shows a sectional view of a coplanar discharge flat lamp in a third embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 4 schematically represents a sectional view of a flat coplanar discharge lamp in a fourth embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 5 schematically shows a top view of a coplanar discharge flat lamp in a fifth embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 6 schematically represents a sectional view of a flat coplanar discharge lamp in a sixth embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 7 schematically represents a sectional view of a flat coplanar discharge lamp in a seventh embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 8 schematically represents a sectional view of a flat coplanar discharge lamp in an eighth embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 9 schematically represents a view from above of a flat coplanar discharge lamp in a ninth embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 10 schematically shows a sectional view of a coplanar discharge flat lamp in a tenth embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows a flat discharge lamp 100 comprising first and second glass plates 2, 3 and each having an outer face 21, 31 and an inner face 22, 32.
• the lamp 100 emits radiation in the visible only by its face 21 (symbolized by the arrow F1) for example for use as a lighting slab, ceiling lamp, or wall lighting, or as a backlight of a liquid crystal matrix or be integrated in a household electrical appliance.
• the plates 2, 3 are associated with facing their internal faces 22, 32 and are assembled via a sintering frit 8, for example a glass frit thermal expansion coefficient neighbor that of the plates of glass 2, 3 such as a lead frit.
• a sintering frit 8 for example a glass frit thermal expansion coefficient neighbor that of the plates of glass 2, 3 such as a lead frit.
• the plates are assembled by an adhesive for example silicone or by a heat-sealed glass frame. These sealing methods are preferable if plates 2, 3 are chosen with different coefficients of expansion. Indeed, the plate 3 may be glass material or more largely dielectric material suitable for this type of lamp, translucent or opaque.
• each glass plate 2, 3 is for example of the order of 1 m 2 or even beyond, and their thickness of 3 mm.
• a silicosocalocalic glass is chosen.
• the plates are for example square.
• the spacing between the glass plates is imposed (at a value generally less than 5 mm) by glass spacers 9 arranged between the plates.
• the spacing is for example 1 to 2 mm.
• the spacers 9 may have a spherical shape, cylindrical, cubic or other polygonal cross-section for example cruciform.
• the spacers may be coated, at least on their side surface exposed to the plasma gas atmosphere, with a visible reflective material.
• the second glass plate 3 has near the periphery a hole 13 pierced in its thickness, a few millimeters in diameter, the outer orifice is obstructed by a sealing pad 12, in particular copper welded to the outer face 31.
• the height of gas can be between 0.5 mm and a few mm high, for example 2 mm.
• the inner faces 22, 32 are covered with a phosphor coating 61 emitting in the visible, for example a single color, or a mixture of colors.
• the phosphor can be thicker on the face 32 to enhance the lighting.
• first and second electrodes 41a, 51a coupled in pairs, giving an alternation of first and second electrodes. They are in the form of solid strips parallel to each other and to the edge of the plates 2, 3 and in conductive coating, preferably transparent, for example fluorinated doped tin oxide.
• opaque strips in particular silver screen-printed strips or even bonded copper strips, these strips which are preferably finer or perforated for a satisfactory overall transmission, are chosen.
• the first and second electrodes are directly deposited on the face 21 and are covered in this order by a lamination interlayer 14a, also forming a first transparent electrical insulation, for example PVB, EVA or PU and a counter glass 15a or any other second electrical insulator transparent, especially polycarbonate or PMMA.
• a lamination interlayer 14a also forming a first transparent electrical insulation, for example PVB, EVA or PU and a counter glass 15a or any other second electrical insulator transparent, especially polycarbonate or PMMA.
• a first transparent electrical insulation for example PVB, EVA or PU
• a counter glass 15a or any other second electrical insulator transparent, especially polycarbonate or PMMA.
• first and second electrodes 41a, 51a could also be sandwiched between the lamination interlayer 14a and the counter glass 15a, the assembly being assembled with the glass sheet 2.
• first and second electrical insulators 14a, 15a may be formed in various combinations combining for example a glass sheet and / or plastics or other resins suitable for joining by bonding with glass products.
• the first and second electrodes 41a, 51a may be associated with the glass plate 2 in other ways, without counter glass: they may be deposited on a transparent electrical carrier and insulating element, for example a plastic, this carrier element being assembled to the glass plate so that the coating is pressed against its face 21.
• This electrical insulator can for example be a PET plastic film bonded to the outer face 21.
• the first and second electrodes 41a, 51a could also be integrated into the glass plate 2, for example in the form of strips consisting of a conductive network, the first and second electrical insulators can then be omitted .
• They can also be in the lamination interlayer 14a in the form of strips consisting of a son network with a pitch p1 of 3 mm, and a width 14 of the order of 20 microns.
• the first and second electrodes 41a, 51a are deposited on the inner face 32, under the luminophore 61 and an intermediate layer of opaque or transparent dielectric, glass frit or bismuth type.
• the first and second electrodes 41a, 51a are supplied with voltage, via a flexible foil 11a or alternatively via a soldered wire. More specifically, each first electrode (respectively second electrode) is connected to the same "bus bar" - not shown for the sake of clarity - which is disposed at the periphery of the glass sheet 2 and connected to said foil.
• the signal in high frequency voltage is for example a sinusoidal signal of amplitude V1 of the order of 1500 V and frequency between 10 and 10O kHz, for example 40 kHz.
• a coplanar discharge occurs between each pair of electrodes 41a, 51a.
• first and second electrodes 41a, 51a are powered by sinusoidal signals in phase opposition, for example at 750 V.
• the glass plate 3 is provided with a conductive coating, covering substantially entirely its outer face 21, and forming a third electrode 42a.
• This coating is opaque, for example silkscreened silver.
• this third electrode may be covered by one or more dielectrics and / or be integrated in a dielectric, for example being in a lamination, and also be in the form of a conductive network.
• the first and second dielectrics then used need not be transparent.
• This third electrode 42a could also be integrated into the glass plate 2, for example in the form of a mesh of conductive wires.
• This third electrode may also be deposited on the inner face 32, under the luminophore 61 and an intermediate layer of opaque or transparent dielectric, glass frit or bismuth type.
• This third electrode 42a is grounded, at least on ignition.
• This third electrode 42a can reflect the visible radiation towards the face 22, preferably by choosing aluminum.
• This third electrode may also serve as an electrode of an associated optoelectronic element (not shown) to the plane lamp, for example a switchable mirror.
• the width of the first and second electrodes 41a, 51a and d1 be the width of the interelectrode space, i.e., the space between the first and second adjacent electrodes 41a, 51a. greater than or equal to d1, for example 11 equal to a few centimeters, in particular 5 cm and d1 equal to about 0.5 cm.
• this lamp 100 has two transmitting faces, and serves as a lamp for decorative or architectural lighting...
• a transparent electrode material 42a is then chosen or electrodes 41a, 51a, 42a consist of a conducting network. with a ratio width on not preferably less than 50%, for a satisfactory overall transparency.
• This lamp 100 can also be an illuminating window (generally transparent) or be associated with a window of a building (transom, etc ...), a vehicle (roof, side windows ).
• a transparent phosphor 61 and a transparent electrode material 42a, 51a, 42a or electrodes 41a, 51a, 42a consisting of a conductive network with a ratio of width to not preferably less than or equal to 10% are then chosen. or 1% for optimal global transparency.
• This third electrode 42a may furthermore fulfill a solar control or low emissivity function.
• the structure 200 of the coplanar discharge flat lamp takes up the structure of FIG. detailed below.
• the radiation is emitted directly by the gas 72, for example to obtain a homogeneous and colored filtered light, the phosphors being removed.
• the gas 72 for example, argon is chosen to give a violet light.
• This lamp emits via the two faces 21, 31 (symbolized by the arrows F1, F2) and can serve for example wall or light partition.
• the lamp 200 comprises a plurality of third electrodes 42b each being a band centered with respect to an interelectrode space and occupying, in projection, all this space.
• All the electrodes are parallel to each other and to the edges of the plates 2, 3. They are of the same width 11 or 12, typically 4 cm, and this width is equal to the width d1 and the width d3 between third electrodes 42b.
• first and second electrodes 41b, 51b on the one hand and the third electrodes 42b on the other hand are in transparent conductive layers respectively deposited on an electric insulating and carrying element 14b, 141b, this carrier element being assembled to the glass plate 2, 3 so that the electrodes are pressed against its face 21, 31, for example by gluing
• the electrical insulation 14b, 141b may for example be a PET or a polycarbonate.
• the electrodes are conductive networks, for example made of copper, with a ratio of width 14 to pitch p1 preferably less than or equal to 10%, or even 1% for a very satisfactory overall transparency,
• the positions of the electrodes 41b, 51b, 42b relative to the associated glass plates 2, 3, and their nature, may be various as described for the electrodes 41a, 51a of the first embodiment.
• the positions of the electrodes 41b, 51b and the third electrode 42b with respect to the associated glass plates 2, 3 may be distinct, for example with a single lamination associated with one of the glass plates, as described for the electrodes 41a, 51a of the first embodiment.
• first and second electrodes 41b, 51b are powered by an alternating signal in the form of a train of pulses, for example positive and rectangular pulses, and a duty cycle of the order of 15% of amplitude V2 equal to at 800 V.
• the first electrodes 41b can also be supplied with voltage and the second electrodes 51b be earthed.
• the third electrode 42b is powered by a selected direct voltage V02 equal to 100 V or 0 V.
• the structure 300 of the coplanar discharge flat lamp takes up the structure of FIG. 1 apart from the elements detailed hereinafter.
• the lamp 300 emits a UVA radiation only by its face 31 (symbolized by the arrow F1) for use for example as a tanning lamp.
• the internal faces 22, 32 carry a coating 63 of phosphor material emitting radiation in the UVA preferably above 350 nm such as YPO 4 : Ce (peak at 357nm), or (Ba 5 Sr 5 Mg) 3 Si 2 O 7 Pb (peak at 372 nm), or SrB 4 O 7 : Eu (peak at 386 nm).
• the phosphor 63 may be thicker on the face 32 to enhance the illumination.
• At least for the plate 3, and preferably for the two plates 2, 3 is chosen a silicosodocalcique glass such as the Planilux sold by the Saint-Gobain company, which provides a UVA transmission around 350 nm greater than 80% at low cost . Its coefficient of expansion is about 90 10 -8 K -1 .
• the first and second electrodes 41c, 51c are covered by an electrical insulator 14c.
• the positions of the electrodes 41c, 51c with respect to the glass plate 2 may be various and as described for the electrodes 41a, 51a of the first embodiment.
• the third electrodes 42c form a plurality of complementary bands of the first and second electrodes 41c, 51c.
• the emitting face of the UV radiation, the carrier face of these third electrodes, is grounded to ensure electrical safety.
• All the electrodes 41c to 51c are silver strips, for example screen-printed or copper-bonded on the face 21, 31. These materials are relatively opaque to UV, the ratio 12 on d3 is adapted accordingly to to increase the overall UV transmission.
• this ratio 12 on d3 is of the order of 20% or less, for example the width 12 is equal to 4 mm and d3 is equal to 2 cm, each third electrode 42c being centered on an interelectrode space.
• the width 11 is equal to 2 cm and the width d1 is equal to 4 mm.
• a transparent conductive layer of SnO 2 F less opaque type starting from 360 nm.
• the electrodes could be in the form of conductive gratings whose pitch and / or width are suitable for an overall transmission of UV and this preferably based on the width chosen for the electrodes.
• These networks can be in the form of conductive wire grids arranged in the glass plate 2, 3 associated.
• an electrode material a material which is transparent to UV in order to choose, for example, broad strips and a small distance between electrodes on the side of the emitting face.
• the arrangements of the electrodes 41c, 51c and the third electrodes 42c with respect to the associated glass plates 2, 3 may be distinct, for example they may be arranged respectively on the outer face 21 and on the inner face 32, or vice versa.
• the third electrodes can then also be combined in a coating covering the face 31, covered or not, particularly aluminum to reflect the UV.
• a gadolinium-based phosphor is chosen and, at least for the plate 3, a borosilicate glass (with a coefficient of expansion of approximately 32 10 -8 K -1 ) or a silicosocalocalic glass with less than 0, 05% Fe 2 O 3 , as well as a rare gas such as xenon alone or mixed with argon and / or neon.
• the phosphors are removed and at least for the plate 3, fused silica or quartz is chosen.
• the gas may be a mixture of rare gases and halogens - or diatomic halogen still of mercury - for UVC radiation, preferably between 250 and 260 nm for a germicidal effect serving in particular to disinfection / sterilization of air, water or surfaces.
• Cl 2 or XeI or KrF may be mentioned.
• the phosphors are removed and at least the high purity fused silica is chosen for the plate 3.
• the luminophores emitting in the visible are chosen.
• the lamp illuminates via the two faces 21, 31. Differentiated illumination is obtained because of the distinct overall transmission between the two faces.
• the structure 400 of the coplanar discharge flat lamp takes up the structure of FIG. 1 apart from the elements detailed hereinafter. For the sake of clarity, the spacers are not shown.
• This lamp emits a white light via both faces 21, 31 (symbolized by the arrows F1, F2) and can be used as a lamp for decorative or architectural lighting.
• first and second electrodes 41 d, 51 d on the one hand and the third electrode 42 d on the other hand are deposited directly on the inner face 22, 32 and covered with a transparent dielectric material such as a glass frit .
• the widths 11 and 12 of the electrodes 41 d, 51 d, 42 d are identical, typically 6 cm. These widths 11 and 12 are greater than the width d1, for example 5 times greater. The sum 11 + d1 is equal to the sum 12 + d3.
• the third electrodes 42d are preferably arranged so that each interelectrode space is filled.
• the edge of a third electrode forms, in projection, continuity with the edge of a first or a second electrode.
• each third electrode is centered with respect to the associated interlectrode space.
• the positions of the electrodes 41 d, 51 d, 42 d relative to the associated glass plates 2, 3 and their nature can be various as described for the electrodes 41 a, 51 a of the first embodiment.
• the arrangement of the electrodes 41d, 51d, 42d and the third electrodes 42d may be distinct, for example the third electrodes are integrated in the glass plate 3 or are on the outer face 31.
• the third electrode 42d is powered by a DC voltage
• V04 chosen equal to 100 V or 0 V.
• the amplitude V4 of the sinusoidal signal is reduced to 500 V because there is less loss across the dielectric of finer thickness.
• the structure 500 of the coplanar discharge flat lamp takes up the structure of FIG. 2 apart from the elements detailed below.
• the glass plates are rectangular.
• the gas is for example a mixture of xenon and neon.
• the first and second electrodes 41e, 51e are in the form of longitudinal strips disposed on the outer face 21.
• the third electrode 42e (visible in dashed lines) forms a single rectangular strip covering substantially all the face 32.
• the electrodes 41e, 51e have a width 11 of 5cm, this width being equal to the width of the interelectrode space d1.
• the electrodes 41 to 52e are in transparent conductor such that S n O 2 : F, which can also have a solar control function and / or low emissivity, the lamp forms a lighting pane.
• the inner faces 21, 31 are covered with a phosphor.
• the 500 lamp can also be used as a refrigerator shelf, a light shelf.
• lamps similar to this lamp 500 can be assembled, for example to form a ceiling lamp, the third electrode then preferably being of reflective material such as aluminum.
• the structure 600 of the coplanar discharge flat lamp takes up the structure of FIG. 1 apart from the elements detailed hereinafter.
• This lamp 600 emits a white light via the two faces 21, 31 (symbolized by the arrows F1, F2) and can serve as decorative or architectural lighting, or a light panel, refrigerator shelf, display or illuminated window .
• This lamp 600 comprises a plurality of third electrodes 42f, 52f which are in the form of strips parallel to one another and to the edge of the plate 3 and are arranged on the outer face 31. On the outer face 31, are also arranged the fourth electrodes 52f of parallel strips between them and with the third electrodes, and coupled in pairs with the third electrodes 42f.
• the first to fourth electrodes 41f to 52f are in conducting wire arrays integrated in a lamination interlayer 14f, 141f to assemble a counter glass 15f, 151f.
• the pitch p1 is for example equal to 3 mm, and the width 14 of the order of 20 microns.
• the positions of the electrodes 41f, 51f, 42f, 52f relative to the associated glass plates 2, 3 may be various as described for the electrodes 41a, 51a of the first embodiment. And the positions of the electrodes 41f, 51f and the third and fourth electrodes 42f, 52f relative to the associated glass plates 2, 3 can be distinct.
• the widths 11, 12 of the electrodes 41f to 52f are chosen to be identical, typically equal to 4 cm. These widths are furthermore chosen equal to the widths d1 and d2.
• the third and fourth electrodes 42f, 52f are preferably arranged so that each interelectrode gap between first and second electrodes is filled. Also, the latter 42f, 52f are centered with respect to the first and second electrodes 41f, 51f.
• the first and second electrodes 41a, 51a on the one hand and the third and fourth electrodes 42f, 52f on the other hand are fed with a sinusoidal signal, preferably identical or similar, of amplitude V6, V6 'of the order of 1500 V and at 20 kHz.
• This lamp 600 is dual coplanar discharge. In fact, a coplanar discharge occurs between each pair of electrodes 41 f, 51 f on the one hand and 42 f, 52 f on the other hand.
• a control system can be provided to vary the amplitude and therefore the lighting or even provide an independent power supply for the two discharges.
• Each discharge is made uniform and the lamp 600 also has excellent performance in terms of luminance, luminous efficiency.
• the gas pressure is chosen equal to 200 mbar and the illuminating surface is 30 cm by 30 cm.
• the luminance reaches 1500 Cd / m 2 and the luminous efficiency 35 Im / W.
• the pressure is equal to 100 mbar
• the signal is pulse with a duty cycle of 10% and the frequency is 40 kHz.
• luminance 1400 Cd / m 2 , 1300 Cd / m 2 and 1500 Cd / m 2 are respectively obtained and for luminous efficiency 30 Im / W, 40 Im / W and Im / W.
• the phosphor 66 substantially completely covers each inner face 22, 32.
• only a portion of the inner faces 22, 32 may be coated with the phosphor material.
• a differentiated distribution of the phosphor in certain areas makes it possible to convert the plasma energy into visible radiation only in the zones in question, so as to constitute illuminating areas and transparent areas juxtaposed.
• These zones can also possibly constitute decorative motifs or constitute a display such as a logo or a mark.
• the structure 700 of the coplanar discharge flat lamp resumes the structure of FIG. 6 apart from the elements detailed hereinafter.
• the lamp 700 emits radiation in the visible only by its face 21 (symbolized by the arrow F1).
• the first and second electrodes 41 g, 51 g are directly deposited on the plate 2 and not in a lamination. They are in transparent layers or in thin silkscreened silver strips or in conductive networks adapted for a correct overall transmission.
• the third and fourth electrodes 42g, 52g are disposed on the inner face 32 and covered by an opaque dielectric 16 'for example alumina, the phosphor coatings 67 remaining in contact with the gas 77.
• the phosphor may be thicker on the face 32 to enhance the lighting.
• the widths 11 and 12 of the electrodes 41 g, 51 g, 42 g, 52 g are chosen to be identical, typically 5 cm.
• the widths d1 and d2 are chosen identical.
• the widths 11 and 12 are greater than the widths d1 and d2, for example 10 times greater.
• the third and fourth electrodes 42g, 52g are arranged so that each interelectrode space is filled.
• the edge of a third or fourth electrode forms a projection, a continuity with the edge of a first or a second electrode.
• each third or fourth electrode could be centered with respect to the associated interelectrode space.
• This lamp can be a backlight device of a liquid crystal matrix, an illuminating slab.
• the structure 800 of the coplanar discharge plane lamp takes up the structure of FIG. 6 apart from the elements detailed below.
• the widths 11 and 12 of the electrodes 41 h, 51 h, 42 h, 52 h are chosen to be identical, typically 5 cm and the widths d 1 and d 2 are chosen to be identical.
• the widths 11 and 12 are greater than the widths d1 and d2, for example 10 times greater.
• the third and fourth electrodes 42h, 52h are arranged so that each interelectrode space is filled. For example, each third or fourth electrode is centered relative to the associated interlectrode space.
• the phosphor coatings 68 may form indicative elements.
• the electrodes 41 h to 52 h are in transparent conductive layers and are not in a lamination.
• the pressure of the gas is chosen equal to 100 mbar, the signal is pulsed with a duty cycle of 10%, the frequency is 40 kHz, the illuminating surface is 30 cm by 30 cm.
• the edge of a third or fourth electrode forms a projection, a continuity with the edge of a first or a second electrode, the luminance then reaches 2500 Cd / m 2 , and the luminous efficiency of Im / W.
• the glass plates are rectangular and the electrodes 41 h, 51 h, 42 h are in the form of lateral strips disposed on the outer faces 21, 31.
• the structure 1000 of the coplanar discharge flat lamp has the structure of FIG. 6 apart from the elements detailed below.
• This lamp 1000 emits a white light via the two faces 21, 31, the lighting being more intense on the side of the face 21 (as symbolized by the arrows F1 ', F2 of distinct width) and can serve for example as a lamp for a decorative or architectural lighting.
• the first and second electrodes 41 j, 51 j are in networks of conducting wires and more precisely formed of a first parallel series of wires between them and a second series of parallel wires between them and perpendicular to the first series, for example in copper. These networks are carried by a thin PET-type plastic 143j located between two laminating interleaves, of PVB or PU or EVA type, 141 j, 142j for an assembly with the counter glass 15j, 151 j.
• the electrodes are for example oriented towards the face 22, 32.
• a ratio of width 14 of the yarns to thread p1 of less than or equal to 10% is chosen, for example 10 ⁇ m for the width 14 and 100 ⁇ m or more for the pitch p1.
• 11 equals 6 cm and d1 equals 1 cm.
• the third and fourth electrodes 42j, 52j are silver strips, for example screen-printed, on the face 31 and are situated between the lamination interlayer 141 and the counter-glass 151 j.
• the width 12 is equal to the width d2 to ensure a minimum overall transmission and is approximately 3.5 cm.
• the projections of the third and fourth electrodes 42j, 52j fill the associated interlectrode spaces, and are off-center with respect to these spaces but could also be centered.
• the phosphor 670 is thicker on the side of the face 31 to enhance the difference in illumination.
• the third electrodes, second, third, fourth and fifth embodiments may be replaced by third and fourth alternating electrodes.
• third and fourth electrodes, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth embodiments may be replaced by third electrodes at a given potential.

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• Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-08-23 FR FR0552546A patent/FR2890232A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2006
  • 2006-08-16 WO PCT/FR2006/050801 patent/WO2007023237A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2006-08-16 KR KR1020087004090A patent/KR20080035647A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2006-08-16 CA CA002619990A patent/CA2619990A1/fr not_active Abandoned
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  • 2006-08-16 US US12/064,516 patent/US8035289B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-08-16 EP EP06808242A patent/EP1929507A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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