EP1933099B1 - Système et procédé pour la génération d'un échantillon gazeux d'humidité relative connue et réglable - Google Patents

Système et procédé pour la génération d'un échantillon gazeux d'humidité relative connue et réglable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1933099B1
EP1933099B1 EP07024311.8A EP07024311A EP1933099B1 EP 1933099 B1 EP1933099 B1 EP 1933099B1 EP 07024311 A EP07024311 A EP 07024311A EP 1933099 B1 EP1933099 B1 EP 1933099B1
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Prior art keywords
relative humidity
gas
dry
wet
path
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EP07024311.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1933099A3 (fr
EP1933099A2 (fr
Inventor
Daniel W. Mayer
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Modern Controls Inc
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Mocon Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/007—Leak detector calibration, standard leaks

Definitions

  • the conventional method for measuring the barrier properties of films consists of placing a film sample between two chambers containing a test gas of interest in a first chamber and a carrier gas in the second chamber. As the test gas permeates through the film sample it is collected in the second chamber and subsequently measured by an appropriate detector.
  • Factors which contribute to the measurement value are often referenced and include film thickness, temperature, relative humidity, and other specifics of the test gas mixture, such as ratios of other gases present.
  • Testing should typically be conducted at various temperatures and relative humidity to ascertain the effect each of these factors has upon permeability of the film.
  • US-A-4,852,389 discloses a system wherein a gas flow from a gas source is split along a dry path and a wet path, wherein the gas flows from the wet path and the dry path are mixed together before they are introduced into a test cell.
  • Flow control valves are provided in the dry and wet paths, respectively, for controlling gas flow along each path.
  • a first aspect of the invention is a system for providing a destination point with a gas having a selectable known humidity.
  • a first embodiment of the first aspect of the invention is a system including: (i) a source of a gas having an initial relative humidity, (ii) a supply line in fluid communication with the gas source for directing gas from the gas source to a destination point, wherein the supply line includes (A) a wet path effective for humidifying gas from the gas source passing along the wet path to a first known relative humidity greater than the initial relative humidity, (B) a dry path effective for maintaining the initial relative humidity of gas from the gas source passing along the dry path, and (C) a junction point downstream from the wet and dry paths and upstream from the destination point, where gas passing along the wet and dry paths are merged prior to delivery to the destination point, and (iii) at least one valve in fluid communication with the supply line for mutually exclusively effecting gas flow from the gas source along the wet path or the dry path.
  • the system is capable of: (a) providing the destination point with a gas at the first known relative humidity by directing gas flow along only the wet path, (b) providing the destination point with a gas at the initial relative humidity by directing gas flow along only the dry path, and (c) providing the destination point with a gas having a known relative humidity anywhere between the initial relative humidity and the first relative humidity by alternating gas flow along the wet path and the dry path on a predetermined duty cycle.
  • a second embodiment of the first aspect of the invention is a system including: (i) a source of a gas having an initial relative humidity, (ii) a supply line in fluid communication with the gas source for directing gas from the gas source to a destination point, wherein the supply line includes (A) a wet path effective for humidifying gas from the gas source passing along the wet path to a first known relative humidity greater than the initial relative humidity, (B) a dry path effective for decreasing the relative humidity of gas from the gas source passing along the dry path to a second known relative humidity less than the initial relative humidity, and (C) a junction point downstream from the wet and dry paths and upstream from the destination point, where gas passing along the wet and dry paths are merged prior to delivery to the destination point, and (iii) at least one valve in fluid communication with the supply line for mutually exclusively effecting gas flow from the gas source along the wet path or the dry path.
  • the system is capable of: (a) providing the destination point with a gas at the first known relative humidity by directing gas flow along only the wet path, (b) providing the destination point with a gas at the second relative humidity by directing gas flow along only the dry path, and (c) providing the destination point with a gas having a known relative humidity anywhere between the first relative humidity and the second relative humidity by alternating gas flow along the wet path and the dry path on a predetermined duty cycle.
  • a second aspect of the invention is a method of producing a gas having a selectable relative humidity.
  • a first embodiment of the second aspect of the invention is a method including the steps of: (i) alternating flow of a gas having an initial relative humidity on a predetermined cycle time and duty cycle as between (A) a wet path effective for humidifying the gas to a first known relative humidity greater than the initial relative humidity to produce a wet gas, and (B) a dry path effective for maintaining the initial relative humidity of the gas to provide a dry gas, and (ii) blending the alternatingly generated slugs of wet gas and dry gas so as to produce a blended gas having a selected relative humidity.
  • a second embodiment of the second aspect of the invention is a method including the steps of: (i) alternating flow of a gas having an initial relative humidity on a predetermined cycle time and duty cycle as between (A) a wet path effective for humidifying the gas to a first known relative humidity greater than the initial relative humidity to produce a wet gas, and (B) a dry path effective for decreasing the relative humidity of the gas to a second known relative humidity less than the initial relative humidity to produce a dry gas, and (ii) blending the alternatingly generated slugs of wet gas and dry gas so as to produce a blended gas having a selected relative humidity.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the invention.
  • duty cycle means the ratio of the time gas flow is directed through the wet chamber to cycle time, typically represented as a %.
  • cycle time means the time required to complete one sequence of providing a gas flow through the wet path and providing a gas flow through the dry path.
  • a relative humidity of approximately 0% means a relative humidity of 0% or slightly more due to the subtle variations, nuances and vagaries of dehumidification systems. Typically, a relative humidity of approximately 0% should have a relative humidity of less than 1%.
  • a relative humidity of approximately 100% means a relative humidity of 100% or slightly less due to the subtle variations, nuances and vagaries of humidification systems. Typically, a relative humidity of approximately 100% should have a relative humidity of at least 99%.
  • dry gas means a gas having a relative humidity of approximately 0%.
  • a first aspect of the invention is a system 10 for quantitatively humidifying gas provided to a destination point, such as the testing chamber 99 of a testing instrument 90 .
  • a first embodiment of the system 10 includes (i) a source of a gas 20 having an initial relative humidity in fluid communication with the testing chamber 99 of a testing instrument 90, (ii) a wet chamber 30 wet intermediate the testing chamber 99 and the gas source 20 effective for humidifying gas flowing through the wet chamber 30 wet to produce a wet gas having a first known relative humidity greater than the initial relative humidity, (iii) a length of supply line 80 dry in fluid communication with the testing chamber 99 and the gas source 20 bypassing the wet chamber 30 wet so as to be effective for providing gas from the gas source 20 to the testing chamber 99 without passing the gas through the wet chamber 30 wet , and (iv) at least one valve 40 for mutually exclusively effecting gas flow from the gas source 20 to the testing chamber 99 through either the wet chamber
  • a second embodiment of the system 10 including (i) a source of a gas 20 having an initial relative humidity in fluid communication with the testing chamber 99, (ii) a wet chamber 30 wet intermediate the testing chamber 99 and the gas source 20 effective for humidifying gas flowing through the wet chamber 30 wet to produce a wet gas having a first known relative humidity greater than the initial relative humidity, (iii) a dry chamber 30 dry intermediate the testing chamber 99 and the gas source 20 effective for drying gas flowing through the dry chamber 30 dry to produce a dry gas having a second relative humidity less than the initial relative humidity, and (iv) at least one valve 40 for mutually exclusively effecting gas flow from the gas source 20 to the testing chamber 99 through either the wet chamber 30 wet (i.e., a wet path) or the dry chamber 30 dry (i.e., a dry path).
  • Gas having an initial relative humidity of approximately 0% is preferred as the initial relative humidity does not tend to fluctuate much over time as a result of variances from lot to lot as supplied, or variance in local temperature and/or pressure.
  • the desired first relative humidity target i.e., the relative humidity of wet gas
  • the desired second relative humidity target i. e. , the relative humidity of dry gas
  • the first embodiment of the system 10 can be effectively employed to provide a destination point with a gas having a known relative humidity anywhere between the initial relative humidity of the gas (preferably approximately 0%) and the first relative humidity (preferably approximately 100%) by controlling the amount of gas flowing through the wet chamber 30 wet and the bypass supply line 80 dry (i.e., controlling the duty cycle).
  • the second embodiment of the system 10 can be effectively employed to provide a destination point with a gas having a known relative humidity anywhere between the second relative humidity (preferably approximately 0%) and the first relative humidity (preferably approximately 100%) by controlling the amount of gas flowing through the wet chamber 30 wet and the dry chamber 30 dry ( i.e ., controlling the duty cycle).
  • the gas source 20 is preferably a pressure tank (not shown) containing a relatively dry gas, and when employed to deliver gas to a testing instrument 90 should have no measurable quantities of the analyte to be measured by the testing instrument 90.
  • a testing instrument 90 Common analytes measured by testing instruments 90 include oxygen (O 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  • Gases typically employed as the "carrier” and/or “flushing" gas for such testing instruments 90 are the inert atmospheric gases of nitrogen (N 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • the wet chamber 30 wet contains a source of water positioned within the wet chamber 30 wet for saturating the gas as it flows through the wet chamber 30 wet .
  • the construction and design of such humidification chambers is well within the ability of those possessing ordinary skill in the art.
  • the dry chamber 30 dry contains a desiccant positioned within the dry chamber 30 dry for drying the gas as it flows through the dry chamber 30 dry .
  • a desiccant positioned within the dry chamber 30 dry for drying the gas as it flows through the dry chamber 30 dry .
  • At least one valve 40 is positioned between the gas source 20 and the testing chamber 99 for providing mutually exclusive alternating gas flow from the gas source 20 to the testing chamber 99 through the wet path (i.e., through the wet chamber 30 wet ) and the dry path (i.e . , through the bypass supply line 80 dry with or without a dry chamber 30 dry ).
  • the necessary and desired functionality of providing mutually exclusive alternating gas flow through the wet path and the dry path can be achieved by employing a single three-way valve 40, as shown in FIG. 1 , or a pair of commonly controlled valves 40 wet and 40 dry , as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the valve(s ) 40 may be positioned upstream or downstream from the wet chamber 30 wet and the dry chamber 30 dry , as shown in FIGs 1 and 2 respectively.
  • a mixing chamber 50 is preferably provided between the wet and dry chambers 30 wet , 30 dry and the destination point (e.g., testing equipment 90) for receiving gas flow from both the wet path and the dry path and effecting a blending of the "slugs" of wet and dry gas emanating from the two paths to ensure that the gas reaching the destination point is a blended gas having a consistent and uniform relative humidity.
  • the destination point e.g., testing equipment 90
  • a flow control valve 60 can be provided between the gas source 20 and the point at which the supply line 80 separates into the wet and dry paths (i.e., a 80 wet and 80 dry ) for controlling gas flow through the system 10.
  • the flow control valve 60 can be controlled by a microprocessor 100.
  • a humidity sensor 70 can be placed in sensing communication with the blended gas for providing feedback as to the relative humidity of the blended gas and permitting "fine tuning" of the duty cycle to achieve the targeted relative humidity.
  • the humidity sensor 70 can be placed in electrical communication with a microprocessor 100 for transmitting sensed relative humidity data to the microprocessor 100 for use in adjusting the flow rate or cycle time, for purposes of reducing cyclical variances in the relative humidity of the blended gas caused by incomplete blending of the wet and dry "slugs" of gas, or adjusting the duty cycle, for purposes of reducing or eliminating any variance between the calculated relative humidity and the actual or sensed relative humidity of the blended gas.
  • a supply line fluidly interconnects the various components of the system 10, and includes a first section 80a running from the gas source 20 to a point of divergence 81 where the supply line 80 splits into a wet path 80 wet and a dry path 80 dry , and a second section 80b running from the point at which the wet path 80 wet and dry path 80 dry converge 82 to the destination point.
  • the microcontroller 100 preferably includes customary user interface components (not shown) such as a monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc. for permitting a user to track calculated and sensed relative humidity and adjust flow rate, cycle time and duty cycle as necessary and appropriate to achieve or change the desired relative humidity.
  • customary user interface components such as a monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc. for permitting a user to track calculated and sensed relative humidity and adjust flow rate, cycle time and duty cycle as necessary and appropriate to achieve or change the desired relative humidity.
  • Cycle time can be limited by the response time of the valve 40, but should be selected so as to ensure that the size of the wet and dry "slugs" are capable of being uniformly blended prior to delivery to the destination point.
  • a cycle time of between about 0.1 to about 10 seconds is effective for achieving the desired goal of providing a homogeneous blend of the wet and dry gases with a response time of less than 0.1 seconds placing significant wear and tear on the valve 40 without a corresponding benefit, and a response time of greater than about 10 seconds periodically resulting in an incomplete blending of the wet and dry gases prior to deliver to the destination point.
  • a gas having a relative humidity set forth in Table One (RH Initial ) is directed through the humidity conditioning system 10 shown in FIG 1 .
  • the wet chamber 30 wet of the system 10 is configured and arranged to increase to the relative humidity of the gas to the first relative humidity set forth in Table One (RH Wet ).
  • the duty cycle necessary to achieve the desired final relative humidity (RH Final ) set forth in Table One can be calculated using Formula C set forth below. The calculated duty cycle is also set forth in Table One.
  • Duty Cycle 100 ⁇ 1 - RH wet - RH Final / RH wet - RH Initial TABLE ONE RH Initial RH Wet RH Final Duty Cycle % % % % 0 100 100 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 50 50 10 100 50 44.5 40 100 50 16.7 0 90 50 55.6 0 50 50 100 0 100 30 30 0 100 80 80 10 90 50 10 90 70 75 0 90 20 22.2
  • a gas is directed through the humidity conditioning system 10 shown in FIG 2 .
  • the wet chamber 30 wet of the system 10 is configured and arranged to increase to the relative humidity of the gas to the first relative humidity set forth in Table Two (RH Wet ), and the dry chamber 30 dry of the system 10 is configured and arranged to decrease the relative humidity of the gas to the second relative humidity set forth in Table Two (RH Dry ).
  • the duty cycle necessary to achieve the desired final relative humidity (RH Final ) set forth in Table Two can be calculated using Formula D set forth below. The calculated duty cycle is also set forth in Table Two.
  • Duty Cycle 100 ⁇ 1 - RH wet - RH Final / RH wet - RH Dry TABLE TWO RH Dry RH Wet RH Final Duty Cycle % % % % 0 100 100 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 50 50 10 100 50 44.5 0 90 50 55.6 0 50 50 100 0 100 30 30 0 100 80 80 10 90 50 10 90 70 75 0 90 20 22.2

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Système destiné à fournir un flux de gaz ayant une humidité réglable connue, comprenant :
    (a) une source d'un gaz ayant une humidité relative initiale,
    (b) une conduite d'alimentation en communication fluidique avec la source de gaz pour diriger le gaz provenant de la source de gaz à un point de destination, la conduite d'alimentation comprenant :
    (i) une voie humide efficace pour humidifier le gaz provenant de la source de gaz passant le long de la voie humide à une première humidité relative connue supérieure à l'humidité relative initiale,
    (ii) une voie sèche efficace pour maintenir l'humidité relative initiale du gaz provenant de la source de gaz passant le long de la voie sèche ou pour réduire l'humidité relative du gaz provenant la source de gaz passant le long de la voie sèche à une seconde humidité relative connue inférieure à l'humidité relative initiale, et
    (iii) un point de jonction en aval des voies humides et sèches et en amont du point de destination, où les gaz passant le long des voies humides et sèches sont réunis avant d'être délivrés au point de destination, et
    caractérisé par
    (c) au moins une valve en communication fluidique avec la conduite d'alimentation pour réaliser mutuellement et exclusivement le flux de gaz provenant de la source de gaz le long de la voie humide ou la voie sèche,
    (d) moyennant quoi (i) la réalisation du flux de gaz seulement le long de la voie humide fournit le point de destination en gaz ayant la première humidité relative connue, (ii) la réalisation du flux de gaz seulement le long de la voie sèche fournit le point de destination en gaz ayant l'humidité relative initiale ou fournit le point de destination en gaz ayant la seconde humidité relative, et (iii) des moyens alternant le flux de gaz le long des voies humides et sèches sur un cycle opératoire prédéterminé fournissant par là-même le point de destination en gaz ayant une humidité relative connue entre l'humidité relative initiale et la première humidité relative.
  2. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la voie sèche est efficace pour maintenir l'humidité relative initiale de gaz provenant de la source de gaz passant le long de la voie sèche, le système comprenant en outre un microcontrôleur en communication électrique avec l'au moins une valve pour contrôler le cycle opératoire pour produire un gaz mixte ayant une humidité relative prédéterminée entre l'humidité relative initiale et la première humidité relative.
  3. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la voie sèche est efficace pour maintenir l'humidité relative initiale du gaz provenant de la source de gaz passant le long de la voie sèche, l'humidité relative initiale s'élevant approximativement à 0 %.
  4. Système selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre un régulateur de débit intermédiaire entre la source de gaz et la valve pour commander de manière sélective le flux de gaz traversant le système.
  5. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la voie sèche est efficace pour réduire l'humidité relative de gaz provenant de la source de gaz passant le long de la voie sèche à une seconde humidité relative connue inférieure à l'humidité relative initiale, le système comprenant en outre un microcontrôleur en communication électrique avec l'au moins une valve pour commander le cycle opératoire pour produire un gaz mixte ayant une humidité relative prédéterminée entre la première humidité relative et la seconde humidité relative.
  6. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le point de destination est une chambre de test d'un instrument de test.
  7. Système selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'instrument de test est un instrument de test d'infiltration.
  8. Système selon la revendication 7, dans lequel l'instrument de test d'infiltration est un instrument d'infiltration d'oxygène.
  9. Système selon la revendication 7, dans lequel l'instrument de test d'infiltration est un instrument d'infiltration de dioxyde de carbone.
  10. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la voie sèche est efficace pour réduire l'humidité relative du gaz provenant de la source de gaz passant le long de la voie sèche à une seconde humidité relative inférieure à l'humidité relative initiale, la seconde humidité relative connue s'élevant approximativement à 0%.
  11. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la première humidité relative connue s'élève approximativement à 100 %.
  12. Procédé de production d'un gaz ayant une humidité relative sélectionnable, comprenant :
    (a) l'alternance d'un flux d'un gaz ayant une humidité relative initiale sur un temps de cycle et un cycle opératoire prédéterminés comme entre (i) une voie humide efficace pour humidifier le gaz à une première humidité relative connue supérieure à l'humidité relative initiale pour fournir un gaz humide, et (ii) une voie sèche efficace pour maintenir l'humidité relative initiale du gaz ou réduire l'humidité relative du gaz à une seconde humidité relative connue inférieure à l'humidité relative initiale pour fournir un gaz sec, et
    (b) le mélange des bouchons générés en alternance de gaz sec et gaz humide de sorte à produire un gaz mixte ayant une humidité relative sélectionnée.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel la voie sèche est efficace pour maintenir l'humidité relative initiale du gaz, l'humidité relative initiale s'élevant approximativement à 0 %.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel le temps de cycle est compris environ entre 0,1 et 10 secondes.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel le gaz s'écoule le long de la voie humide et de la voie sèche à un débit d'écoulement compris environ entre 1 et 1 000 cm3 par minute.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel le gaz mixte est fourni à un instrument de test d'infiltration.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel la voie sèche est efficace pour réduire l'humidité relative du gaz à une seconde humidité relative connue inférieure à l'humidité relative initiale, la seconde humidité relative connue s'élevant approximativement à 0 %.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel la première humidité relative connue s'élève approximativement à 100 %.
EP07024311.8A 2006-12-15 2007-12-14 Système et procédé pour la génération d'un échantillon gazeux d'humidité relative connue et réglable Active EP1933099B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/611,511 US7578208B2 (en) 2006-12-15 2006-12-15 System and method for generating a gas sample of known and adjustable relative humidity

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EP1933099A2 EP1933099A2 (fr) 2008-06-18
EP1933099A3 EP1933099A3 (fr) 2011-02-23
EP1933099B1 true EP1933099B1 (fr) 2013-04-24

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EP (1) EP1933099B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4913714B2 (fr)
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US20090173172A1 (en) 2009-07-09
US20080141793A1 (en) 2008-06-19
US7578208B2 (en) 2009-08-25
CN101226128A (zh) 2008-07-23
EP1933099A3 (fr) 2011-02-23
US7908936B2 (en) 2011-03-22
EP1933099A2 (fr) 2008-06-18
CN101226128B (zh) 2013-02-13
JP4913714B2 (ja) 2012-04-11
JP2008151791A (ja) 2008-07-03
CN102928165A (zh) 2013-02-13

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