EP1961932A1 - Procédé de chauffage de gaz d'échappement catalytique - Google Patents

Procédé de chauffage de gaz d'échappement catalytique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1961932A1
EP1961932A1 EP07405052A EP07405052A EP1961932A1 EP 1961932 A1 EP1961932 A1 EP 1961932A1 EP 07405052 A EP07405052 A EP 07405052A EP 07405052 A EP07405052 A EP 07405052A EP 1961932 A1 EP1961932 A1 EP 1961932A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
exhaust gas
fuel tank
tank
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07405052A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rainer Prof. Dr. Bunge
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HOCHSCHULE RAPPERSWIL
Original Assignee
HOCHSCHULE RAPPERSWIL
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HOCHSCHULE RAPPERSWIL filed Critical HOCHSCHULE RAPPERSWIL
Priority to EP07405052A priority Critical patent/EP1961932A1/fr
Publication of EP1961932A1 publication Critical patent/EP1961932A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]

Definitions

  • the invention falls within the field of exhaust gas purification. It relates to a method for heating the exhaust gases of engines. Exhaust gas purification systems are widespread, especially in modern diesel vehicles. Special importance has been given to particulate filters and denitrification systems. The problem with these exhaust gas purification systems is the fact that the exhaust gas temperature is often not high enough to trigger the desired chemical reactions. And this despite the use of various catalysts to accelerate the chemical reactions.
  • soot particle filters for whose regeneration the exhaust gas temperature is frequently insufficient despite catalytic coating of the filter material.
  • denitrification systems according to the SCR principle which start only at exhaust gas temperatures above about 200 ° C. In such SCR systems, there is the additional problem that the urea, which is frequently used as a reducing agent, only converts into the ammonia necessary for the chemical reaction at high temperatures.
  • Some systems solve the problem of incomplete fuel combustion by very finely atomising the fuel when added to the exhaust line, eg with compressed air using multi-fluid nozzles (eg the CCT system of stt-emtec, www.sttemtec.com and the DBS system the PURITECH; www.puritech.de). This measure is not suitable to actually fully convert the low volatile exhaust gas fuel ingredients on the oxidation catalyst.
  • Still other systems direct the fuel initially via an evaporator, in which the fuel is (partially) vaporized and then completely introduced as a mixture of gas, vapor and liquid in the exhaust gas stream (eg the " fuel vaporizer “by Arvin Meritor MTZ 9 (2004) 65 pp. 658ff. ; Andreas Mayr et al in SAE-NA 2003-01-50 ; W. Addy Majewski “Filters Regenerated by Fuel Combustion” at www.dieselnet.com/tech/dpf_sys_fuel.html ).
  • These systems make up our invention closest prior art.
  • the problem with these systems is that the high-boiling fuel constituents, especially when diesel is used, are not completely catalytically converted at low exhaust gas temperatures. This leads to an emission of unburned fuel ingredients.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a technically simple and robust method that allows Abgasnacherhitzung to accomplish by means of catalytic combustion of fuel without at low exhaust gas temperatures unburned fuel ingredients are emitted with the purified exhaust gas. This object is achieved by the method as defined in the patent claims.
  • the fuel is removed from the tank and distilled. Then, only the vaporized portion is introduced into the catalyst via the exhaust gas line, while the unevaporated portion is returned to the tank.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that fuels usually consist of a mixture of ingredients with different boiling points and that the low-boiling ingredients to implement much better on an oxidation catalyst, as the high-boiling ingredients. This was confirmed in particular by our extensive comparative laboratory tests with diesel oil (boiling points 170-390 ° C) and petroleum (boiling points 160-290 ° C).
  • the distillation is carried out at maximum exhaust gas temperature and thus only the fuel constituents are evaporated, which have lower boiling points than the exhaust gas temperature. This ensures that the fuel ingredients entering the oxidation catalyst are gaseous and fully react. This in contrast to the prior art known fuel evaporators. Those have no return of the fuel into the tank, but are set up so that all the fuel drawn from the tank is introduced into the exhaust line. This leads to the initiation of the vaporized at high temperatures fuel in the cooler catalyst to a condensation of low-volatility fuel ingredients which oxidize only incomplete on the catalyst and subsequently increase the pollutant emissions (especially HC).
  • FIG. 1 shows a catalytic regeneration unit for a particulate filter.
  • the fuel is fed via the fuel supply line by means of a pump in the evaporator.
  • the fuel is heated to about the temperature measured downstream of the oxidation catalyst.
  • the vaporized volatile fuel ingredients are introduced via the gas line and a nozzle in the exhaust stream.
  • the unvaporized low-volatile fuel ingredients flow back into the fuel tank.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second, exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for carrying out the inventive method.
  • the fuel is directed against the inside of a heated outside of the exhaust stream radiator.
  • the fuel ingredients which are volatile at the temperature of the exhaust gas, evaporate and are introduced into the exhaust stream via the gas line and a nozzle upstream of the catalyst.
  • the non-volatile at the exhaust gas fuel ingredients flow, after heat exchange with the incoming fuel, back into the tank.
  • FIG. 3 is a variant of the device FIG. 2 shown.
  • the evaporator is integrated into the exhaust line so that a self-regulating evaporation takes place.
  • the temperature in the evaporator As a result, with the course of regeneration also higher-boiling fuel constituents are volatilized.
  • the distillation of the volatile fuel ingredients can also take place by means of negative pressure, as in FIG. 4 shown.
  • the evaporator unit is operated discontinuously in this example. It consists of a storage tank, which is evacuated by means of the pump. The storage tank is first filled with open shut-off valve from the fuel tank. Subsequently, the shut-off valve is closed and the storage tank successively evacuated. By the now occurring distillation, the volatile fuel ingredients are evaporated and withdrawn through the pump. Behind the pump condense the volatile fuel ingredients again and are injected liquid into the exhaust stream. After completion of the regeneration process, the pump is reversed, opened the shut-off valve and the low-volatile bottoms from the evaporator back into the fuel tank.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 Illustrated exemplary embodiments may be combined in a convenient manner.
  • the in FIG. 4 shown evaporator in addition to the in FIG. 1 illustrated electric heater be equipped. In this way, the requirements for the vacuum to be generated by the pump can be reduced.
  • the inventive method can on-line, as in the Figures 1-4 shown, or operated off-line.
  • a reservoir is provided, in which the distilled off volatile fuel ingredients are stored. If required, these fuel ingredients are introduced into the exhaust stream.
  • FIG. 5 Such a variant is in FIG. 5 executed.
  • the fuel is drawn by the negative pressure generated by the pump in the evaporator, which is heated to a certain temperature, for example 210 ° C ,.
  • the distilled fuel vapors are drawn up on an adsorbent and stored there.
  • the pump is reversed and the low volatility fuel ingredients flow back into the tank. Only when needed, for example in the filter regeneration, the adsorbent is baked and the volatile fuel vapors are introduced into the exhaust system.
  • the desorption is additionally promoted by negative pressure by means of the pump.
  • the composition of the fuel in the tank changes in such a way that low-volatility fuel constituents are enriched.
  • this does not affect the mode of operation of the engine since the amount of fuel required for the heating of the exhaust gas is much lower than the consumption of the engine.
  • the fuel drawn off into the evaporator can, if required, be charged with a small amount of a volatile organic solvent Liquid are added, which is transferred during the distillation process in the gas phase. This is particularly advantageous if the fuel itself has only a few volatile constituents, which is the case for example with heavy oil.
  • the method is also particularly suitable for operating SCR systems at low exhaust gas temperatures.
  • Conventional SCR systems require operating temperatures above 220 ° C, especially because the urea used as a reducing agent hydrolyzes only incompletely at lower temperatures.
  • the SCR catalytic converter can already be operated at raw-gas temperatures below 200 ° C. with the method according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
EP07405052A 2007-02-21 2007-02-21 Procédé de chauffage de gaz d'échappement catalytique Withdrawn EP1961932A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07405052A EP1961932A1 (fr) 2007-02-21 2007-02-21 Procédé de chauffage de gaz d'échappement catalytique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07405052A EP1961932A1 (fr) 2007-02-21 2007-02-21 Procédé de chauffage de gaz d'échappement catalytique

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EP1961932A1 true EP1961932A1 (fr) 2008-08-27

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011077184A1 (de) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Bosch Emission Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Abgasanlage
DE112008002466B4 (de) * 2007-09-11 2015-09-10 Faurecia Systemes D'echappement System zum Einbringen eines verdampften Kraftstoffs in das Innere eines Auspuffelements
CN116201666A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2023-06-02 沃尔沃汽车公司 带乙醇重整器单元的燃烧发动机组件
WO2026033084A1 (fr) * 2024-08-08 2026-02-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Catalyseur chauffé et moteur à combustion interne équipé de celui-ci

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04148014A (ja) * 1990-10-11 1992-05-21 Babcock Hitachi Kk ディーゼル機関排気微粒子除去装置
GB2295561A (en) * 1994-11-29 1996-06-05 Lucas Ind Plc Device for delivering gaseous hydrocarbon to an engine exhaust
GB2303565A (en) * 1995-07-26 1997-02-26 Ford Motor Co Exhaust gas treatment
JPH11210447A (ja) * 1998-01-22 1999-08-03 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
DE10018792C1 (de) * 2000-04-15 2001-09-13 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Schadstoffreduktion von Abgasen von Verbrennungsmotoren
US6957528B1 (en) * 2004-06-09 2005-10-25 General Motors Corporation No reduction with diesel fuel reformed by nonthermal hyperplasma

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04148014A (ja) * 1990-10-11 1992-05-21 Babcock Hitachi Kk ディーゼル機関排気微粒子除去装置
GB2295561A (en) * 1994-11-29 1996-06-05 Lucas Ind Plc Device for delivering gaseous hydrocarbon to an engine exhaust
GB2303565A (en) * 1995-07-26 1997-02-26 Ford Motor Co Exhaust gas treatment
JPH11210447A (ja) * 1998-01-22 1999-08-03 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
DE10018792C1 (de) * 2000-04-15 2001-09-13 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Schadstoffreduktion von Abgasen von Verbrennungsmotoren
US6957528B1 (en) * 2004-06-09 2005-10-25 General Motors Corporation No reduction with diesel fuel reformed by nonthermal hyperplasma

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE112008002466B4 (de) * 2007-09-11 2015-09-10 Faurecia Systemes D'echappement System zum Einbringen eines verdampften Kraftstoffs in das Innere eines Auspuffelements
DE102011077184A1 (de) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Bosch Emission Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Abgasanlage
DE102011077184B4 (de) * 2011-06-08 2015-04-09 Bosch Emission Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Abgasanlage
CN116201666A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2023-06-02 沃尔沃汽车公司 带乙醇重整器单元的燃烧发动机组件
WO2026033084A1 (fr) * 2024-08-08 2026-02-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Catalyseur chauffé et moteur à combustion interne équipé de celui-ci

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