EP1978120B1 - Alliage de fonte, d'aluminium et de silice et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Alliage de fonte, d'aluminium et de silice et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1978120B1
EP1978120B1 EP20080075254 EP08075254A EP1978120B1 EP 1978120 B1 EP1978120 B1 EP 1978120B1 EP 20080075254 EP20080075254 EP 20080075254 EP 08075254 A EP08075254 A EP 08075254A EP 1978120 B1 EP1978120 B1 EP 1978120B1
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Prior art keywords
weight
aluminium
carbon
silicon
alloy
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Not-in-force
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EP20080075254
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1978120A1 (fr
Inventor
Kostyantyn Gzovsky Dr.-Ing.
Dr.-Ing. Babette Tonn Prof.
Hennadiy Zak Dr.-Ing.
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Clausthal University of Technology
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Clausthal University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to high and heat resistant silicon-containing aluminum casting alloys, their production and their use for the production of engine components.
  • Al casting alloys known. Al castings are widely used because of their low specific weight, ease of molding and ease of processing. Also, through various casting methods, complicated workpieces such as e.g. Make pistons, cylinder heads, crankcases or engine blocks.
  • Al-Si alloys A proven alloy group for the production of engine components are Al-Si alloys. These materials are typically held with silicon between 6 and 18 wt .-%, in some cases up to 24 wt .-% and with admixtures of magnesium from 1 to 1.5 wt .-%, copper between 1 and 4 wt. % and often also nickel between 1 and 3 wt.% alloyed (catalog "Aluminum Casting Alloys", VAW-IMCO).
  • a heat resistant alloy with reduced specific gravity is used in the DE-PS 747 355 described as particularly advantageous for pistons.
  • This material is characterized by a magnesium content between 4 and 12 wt .-% and a silicon content between 0.5 and 5 wt .-% of. Furthermore, between 0.2 and 5 wt .-% copper and / or nickel may be alloyed.
  • the high magnesium content leads to gas porosity due to the strong hydrogen absorption. The additional oxidation also involves the risk of oxide inclusions, which significantly degrade the mechanical properties of the casting.
  • an aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy for molded parts in the automotive industry that contain about 6.0 to 8.0 wt% silicon, about 0.12 to about 0.25 wt% magnesium, less than or equal to about 0.35 wt.% Copper, less than or equal to about 4% zinc, less than or equal to about 0.6 wt.% Manganese and less than or equal to about 0.15 wt.% Iron, the casting being a T5 or T6 is subjected to heat treatment.
  • the alloy contains no titanium and no zirconium.
  • a cast alloy is known for the same purpose, this aluminum alloy being about 3.5 to 5.5% zinc, about 1 to 1.5% magnesium, less than about 1% silicon, less than about 0.3% manganese, and less than about 0.3% iron or other incidental impurities contains.
  • the alloy contains no titanium and no zirconium.
  • the intermetallic phases such as Al 6 Mn, Al 3 Fe, Al 7 Cr, Al 3 Ni, Al 8 Fe 2 Si, Al 7 Cu 4 Ni, Al 15 Mn 3 Si 2 , Al 5 FeSi, Al 3 Ti and Al 3 Zr is unaffected by thermal long-term stress and, with favorable design (in quantity, size, shape and distribution), can make a considerable contribution to increasing the mechanical properties of the Al-Si alloys for engine construction.
  • it is of particular importance that the homogeneous distribution and fine formation of the intermetallic phases in the cast structure is ensured in order not to impair the ductility of the alloy and its casting technology properties.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a suitable alloy for the production of engine components, which has high strength, heat resistance, good creep strength and sufficient ductility with low susceptibility to corrosion and is also inexpensive.
  • the aluminum-silicon casting alloy contains 5 to 18 wt .-%, in particular 12.5 to 14.5 wt .-% silicon.
  • the aluminum-silicon casting alloy according to the invention is preferably characterized by the fact that in its microstructure fine primary silicon (less than 50 ⁇ m) and refined eutectic are present simultaneously, as can be seen from the Schüff image. This condition is particularly desirable in near and hypereutectic Al-Si alloys.
  • the degree of finishing of the eutectic can be visually assessed by the foundry expert on the basis of the forms of formation of the eutectic silicon precipitates, for example with the aid of micrographs. For the visual assessment see also " Foundry practice "No. 11/12 - 1993, page 206-209, G. Chai, L. Bifferud," Effective refining with strontium ".
  • the carbon content according to the invention causes a change in the overall solidification behavior of the Al-Si casting alloys and brings about an excellent microstructure modification.
  • essential features of the structure modification by carbon are a considerable refining and homogeneous distribution of the intermetallic phases, a good refinement of the Al-Si eutectic and good refining of the primary silicon crystals. This results in a significant improvement of the mechanical and casting technology properties.
  • the basic constituents selected for the composition are melted together.
  • the melting temperature is preferably from 650 ° C to 1000 ° C, more preferably from 720 ° C to 950 ° C. Then it is poured into a mold. "Melted together” also covers the gradual metering of all components into a common melt.
  • Carbon can be used as elemental carbon, e.g. Graphite, but also be added in the form of a compound or master alloy.
  • the carbon content is achieved in particular by adding chemical carbon compounds and / or their mixtures. This can also be done by adding powdered carbides and carbonitrides, also in the form of a sintered product of carbides and carbonitrides.
  • a carbonaceous aluminum master alloy may be incorporated into the melt from the remainder of the alloyed ingredients or may be added in advance to the components to be melted.
  • the carbonaceous additives can contain not only carbon but also phosphorus and / or nitrogen.
  • a particularly preferred method of this invention is to use an aluminium-titanium-carbon master alloy.
  • castings produced from the alloy according to the invention can be subjected to all heat treatments.
  • the aluminum-silicon GUS alloys according to the invention are particularly suitable for casting pistons and other machine parts for internal combustion engines, for cylinder heads, crankcases, liners or engine blocks.
  • the solution of the object of the invention therefore also includes these uses.
  • the secondary alloy AlSi 12 CuNiMg was selected as representative of the large group of Al-Si casting alloys.
  • the experimental alloy was in cylindrical specimens with a casting temperature of 780 ° C in a reduced to 300 ° C. heated steel mold. Carbon was added using the self-made Al-Ti-C master alloy.
  • a medium-frequency induction furnace was used to produce the AlTi 6 C 1 alloy.
  • 2000 g of AlTi 6 pre-alloy was first melted at 1400 ° C.
  • To this melt was added 30 grams of graphite powder wrapped in aluminum foil.
  • the casting of the Al-Ti-C master alloy thus produced was carried out after a holding time of about 30 in a copper mold, the master alloy consists of an aluminum matrix, are embedded in the Al 3 Ti and TiC particles.
  • Table 1 shows the composition of the alloys investigated. ⁇ u> Table 1 ⁇ / u> Al-Si Cast Alloy Composition,% by Weight Si C Cu Ni mg Fe Mn Cr Ti Zn Erfg. Leg. 1 12.4 0,003 1.3 0.8 1.4 1.2 0.3 0.15 0.07 0.3 Compare Leg.2 12.6 - 1.5 0.9 1.6 1.3 0.4 0.13 0.05 0.4
  • the secondary alloy AlSi 12 CuNiMg has very coarse needle-shaped iron-containing phases in the cast structure (predominantly Al 5 FeSi needles), Fig. 1 .
  • alloying with the carbon causes both a well-refined eutectic and precipitates of small intermetallic phases in a very uniform distribution, Fig.2 ,
  • a hypereutectic Al-Si casting alloy was compared to the alloy of the invention having an approximately similar composition, Table 3. Both alloys were treated with an equal amount of phosphorus.
  • Table 3 ⁇ / u> Composition of hypereutectic Al-Si casting alloys, wt% Si Cu C mg Fe Mn Ti Zn P Erfg. Leg. 3 14.1 3.7 0.02 0.33 0.94 0.29 0.21 0.33 0,006 Comp. Leg. 4 14.6 4.1 - 0.32 0.73 0.28 0.22 0.35 0,006
  • the alloy 5 according to the invention has a good strength for a casting alloy, as results from the above-mentioned tabular data.
  • the alloy 5 according to the invention has a significantly better heat resistance than the comparative alloy 6, the R p0.2 value of which drops sharply at 250 ° C. after a preliminary storage at 250 ° C. when the mechanical properties are measured at 250 ° C.
  • heat-resistant we mean here an alloy whose R p0.2 value after storage at 250 ° C. for at least 50 h, tested at 250 ° C., is above 55 MPa.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Alliage de moulage aluminium-silicium ayant la composition suivante :
    - 5 à 25 % en poids de silicium,
    - 0,0007 à 0,1 % en poids de carbone,
    - à chaque fois 0 à 4 % en poids des constituants d'alliage suivants, au moins un de ces constituants étant de préférence présent et leur somme étant de jusqu' à 10 % en poids, de préférence jusqu'à 6 % en poids, de manière davantage préférée jusqu'à 4 % en poids :
    magnésium, manganèse, fer, cobalt, cuivre, zinc, nickel, vanadium, niobium, molybdène, chrome, tungstène, béryllium, plomb, yttrium, cérium, scandium, hafnium, argent, zirconium, titane, bore, strontium, sodium, potassium, calcium, antimoine, soufre, baryum, phosphore, à condition que
    - plus de 0,3 % en poids de Zr ou plus 0,3 % en poids de Ti ou plus de 0,6 % en poids de Fe soit contenu,
    - le reste jusqu'à 100 % en poids étant au moins 65 % en poids d'aluminium, y compris des impuretés inévitables.
  2. Alliage de moulage aluminium-silicium selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage contient 5 à 18 % en poids, notamment 12,5 à 14,5 % en poids, de silicium.
  3. Alliage de moulage aluminium-silicium selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que du silicium primaire fin et un eutectique raffiné sont présents simultanément dans sa structure.
  4. Alliage de moulage aluminium-silicium selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 3, caractérisé en ce que des phases intermétalliques sont présentes dans sa structure sous la forme d'aiguilles ou de petites plaquettes jusqu'à au plus 40 µm de longueur.
  5. Alliage de moulage aluminium-silicium selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, pouvant être obtenu par ajustement ciblé de la teneur en carbone de 0,0007 à 0,1 % en poids.
  6. Procédé de fabrication d'un alliage de moulage aluminium-silicium selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en carbone est ajustée de manière ciblée par ajout de carbone sous une forme quelconque.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les constituants de base choisis pour la composition fondent ensemble, et ainsi sont portés à une température dans l'intervalle de 650 °C à 1 000 °C, de préférence de 720 °C à 950 °C, et versés dans un moule.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en carbone est atteinte par ajout de composés de carbone chimiques et/ou leurs mélanges, notamment par ajout de carbures et carbonitrures sous forme de poudre, ou également sous la forme d'un produit fritté de carbures et de carbonitrures.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un pré-alliage d'aluminium contenant du carbone est introduit dans la masse fondue des autres constituants prévus pour l'alliage ou ajouté auparavant aux constituants à fondre.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'un pré-alliage aluminium-titane-carbone est utilisé.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le pré-alliage contient également du phosphore en plus du carbone.
  12. Utilisation de l'alliage de moulage d'aluminium selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 pour le moulage d'éléments de machine fortement sollicités thermiquement, notamment de pistons, de têtes de cylindres, de carters de vilebrequins, de chemises de cylindres ou de blocs moteurs, à chaque fois pour des moteurs à combustion.
EP20080075254 2007-03-30 2008-03-31 Alliage de fonte, d'aluminium et de silice et son procédé de fabrication Not-in-force EP1978120B1 (fr)

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DE102014224229A1 (de) 2014-11-27 2016-06-02 Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Motorbauteils, Motorbauteil und Verwendung einer Aluminiumlegierung
US11008640B2 (en) * 2016-11-01 2021-05-18 Uacj Corporation Aluminum alloy for low-pressure casting
US11280292B2 (en) 2014-05-14 2022-03-22 Federal-Mogul Nurnberg Gmbh Method for producing an engine component, engine component, and use of an aluminum alloy

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11280292B2 (en) 2014-05-14 2022-03-22 Federal-Mogul Nurnberg Gmbh Method for producing an engine component, engine component, and use of an aluminum alloy
DE102014224229A1 (de) 2014-11-27 2016-06-02 Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Motorbauteils, Motorbauteil und Verwendung einer Aluminiumlegierung
CN104498777A (zh) * 2014-12-09 2015-04-08 上海航天精密机械研究所 一种含稀土元素的zl205a合金的制备方法
US11008640B2 (en) * 2016-11-01 2021-05-18 Uacj Corporation Aluminum alloy for low-pressure casting

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