EP1983259A2 - Injection de charbon étagé pour fiabilité de chaudière et réduction d'émissions - Google Patents

Injection de charbon étagé pour fiabilité de chaudière et réduction d'émissions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1983259A2
EP1983259A2 EP07112706A EP07112706A EP1983259A2 EP 1983259 A2 EP1983259 A2 EP 1983259A2 EP 07112706 A EP07112706 A EP 07112706A EP 07112706 A EP07112706 A EP 07112706A EP 1983259 A2 EP1983259 A2 EP 1983259A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coal
type
zone
burner
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07112706A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1983259A3 (fr
Inventor
Ramsay Chang
Anthony Facchiano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electric Power Research Institute Inc
Original Assignee
Electric Power Research Institute Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electric Power Research Institute Inc filed Critical Electric Power Research Institute Inc
Publication of EP1983259A2 publication Critical patent/EP1983259A2/fr
Publication of EP1983259A3 publication Critical patent/EP1983259A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
    • F23C2201/101—Furnace staging in vertical direction, e.g. alternating lean and rich zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/30—Staged fuel supply
    • F23C2201/301—Staged fuel supply with different fuels in stages

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power generation.
  • the invention relates to a staged-coal injection procedure for coal-fired boilers used for power generation.
  • PRB coal is relatively low in cost, has a low sulfur content, and is in reliable supply. It also has a higher reactivity than eastern bituminous coal due to a lower fixed carbon-to-volatile ratio. This results in lower NOx and UBC emissions.
  • the volatile portion of PRB coal carries a significant amount of nitrogen, and under staged combustion, the volatiles are released early in the combustion process and burned in the overfire air zone, resulting in a lower potential to form NOx.
  • PRB coal has a higher moisture content, a lower energy content, and a different ash composition than eastern bituminous coal.
  • the higher moisture content and lower energy content results in the need to burn larger quantities of PRB coal than eastern bituminous coal to produce the same amount of energy.
  • Blending PRB coal and eastern bituminous coal provides the added energy content of the eastern bituminous coal, the lower NOx and UBC emissions of PRB coal, and a reduction in ash deposition.
  • boiler tube fireside corrosion can be a significant problem due to the formation of alkali chloride compounds which attach to the boiler tube surface, especially in a reducing environment such as that caused by staged combustion. The deposition of these compounds also subtracts from the formation of oxidized mercury (HgCl 2 ), which is important to facilitate the downstream removal of mercury. By minimizing the formation of alkali chlorides, more chloride may be available to form mercuric chloride in the flue gas.
  • UBC unburned carbon
  • a coal combustion method including the steps of combusting a first type of coal in a first zone of a furnace, and combusting a second type of coal in a second zone of the furnace, the second zone being at a position above the first zone.
  • the first type of coal has a high alkali content.
  • the second type of coal has a high chlorine content.
  • the method includes the steps of feeding the first type of coal to fed to a first burner for combustion in the first zone of the furnace, and feeding the second type of coal to a second burner for combustion in the second zone of the furnace.
  • the first burner is optimized to combust the first type of coal and the second burner is optimized to combust the second type of coal.
  • a coal combustion method includes the steps of providing a first type of coal including a selected first compound; providing a second type of coal including a selected second compound; combusting the first type of coal in a first zone of a furnace; and combusting the second type of coal in a second zone of the furnace.
  • the first and second zones are positioned so as to substantially prevent the first compound from combining with the second compound during combustion of the first and second types of coals.
  • the first compound is an alkali compound and the second compound is a chloride compound.
  • the method includes the steps of feeding the first type of coal to a first burner for combustion in the first zone and feeding the second type of coal to a second burner for combustion in the second zone.
  • the method includes the step of providing combustion air to the first burner and second burner. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the amount of combustion air provided to the first burner is less than the amount of air provided to the second burner.
  • the method includes the step of providing overfire air in a third zone of the furnace to aid in complete combustion of the first type of coal and second type of coal.
  • a coal combustion method includes the steps of providing a boiler having a furnace section, a first burner positioned in a first zone of the furnace section, and a second burner positioned in a second zone of the furnace section.
  • the method further includes the steps of feeding a first type of coal including a selected first compound to the first burner, combusting the first type of coal in a first zone of the furnace section, feeding a second type of coal to the second burner, and combusting the second type of coal in a second zone of the furnace section.
  • the first compound is consumed in the first zone so as to be substantially unavailable for reaction in the second zone.
  • the first type of coal is a Powder River Basin coal.
  • the first compound is an alkali compound.
  • the second type of coal is an eastern bituminous coal.
  • the second compound is a chloride compound.
  • the method includes the step of feeding the first type of coal from a first storage hopper to a first pulverizer where the first type of coal is pulverized.
  • the method includes the step of feeding the second type of coal from a second storage hopper to a second pulverizer where the second type of coal is pulverized.
  • the method includes the step of providing a combustion air to the first burner, second burner, and an overfire port.
  • the amount of combustion air provided to the first burner is less than the amount of air provided to the second burner.
  • the overfire port introduces combustion air into a third zone of the furnace to aid in complete combustion of the first and second types of coal.
  • Figure 1 shows a prior art staged-coal boiler
  • Figure 2 shows a staged-coal boiler adapted to use a staging procedure according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is schematic of the staging procedure for the staged-coal boiler of Figure 1.
  • the boiler 10 includes a hopper 11 for storing and feeding coal to a pulverizer 12, a blower 13 for delivering the pulverized coal and transport air (primary air) mix and secondary combustion air to a burner 16, a furnace section 17 for combusting the coal therein, a boiler tube section 18 for absorbing heat created by the combustion of the coal to create steam, and an economizer and bag section 20 for cooling the flue gas exiting the furnace section 17 and collecting ash particles.
  • a hopper 11 for storing and feeding coal to a pulverizer 12
  • a blower 13 for delivering the pulverized coal and transport air (primary air) mix and secondary combustion air to a burner
  • a furnace section 17 for combusting the coal therein
  • a boiler tube section 18 for absorbing heat created by the combustion of the coal to create steam
  • an economizer and bag section 20 for cooling the flue gas exiting the furnace section 17 and collecting ash particles.
  • the boiler 10 uses an air staging procedure by introducing overfire air through an overfire air port 14 into the furnace section 17 in a region above the burner 16.
  • combustion air provided by blower 13 is separated into primary (for coal transport), secondary (main burner), and tertiary (overfire) air flows. This encourages complete burnout and the formation of N2 instead of NOx.
  • the combustion air may be separated into 70%-90% primary and secondary air and 10%-30% overfire or tertiary air.
  • the primary and secondary air is mixed with the coal at the burner to produce a relatively low temperature, oxygen deficient, fuel rich zone that creates moderate amounts of NOx.
  • the overfire or tertiary air is injected above the combustion zone where combustion is completed at an increased flame volume that limits the production of NOx.
  • a staged-coal boiler adapted to use a staging procedure is illustrated and shown generally at reference numeral 100. While the staging procedure is being discussed with a pulverized coal-type boiler, it should be appreciated that the staging procedure may be used with other suitable boilers, and that the pulverized coal-type boiler is being used as an example boiler for discussion purposes only.
  • the boiler 100 includes a pair of coal hoppers 110 and 111 for storing and feeding coal to pulverizers 112 and 113, respectively.
  • the pulverizers 112 and 113 pulverize the coal for delivery to burners 114 and 115.
  • the coal is delivered to the burners 114 and 115 by a portion of the forced air from blowers 117 and 118 where the coal is mixed with the air from the blowers 117 and 118 in the burners 114 and 115 to combust the coal within a furnace section 120 of the boiler 100.
  • the blowers also provide overfire air through an overfire air port 125 for complete burnout. Heat created by the burners 114 and 115 in the furnace section 120 is absorbed by a boiler tube section 121 to create steam. Flue gas, including ash particles, exits the furnace section 120 and into an economizer and bag section 124 where the flue gas is cooled and the ash particles are collected.
  • the boiler 100 uses a combination of air staging, like that discussed with reference to Figure 1, and fuel staging to minimize Nox formation, fireside corrosion and mercury (by maximizing mercury oxidation and PRB based carbon). This is done by injecting different types of coal at different levels/stages of the furnace section 120 as well as controlling the coal feed rates and size distribution.
  • coal hopper 110 contains a higher chloride coal "C1" (such as eastern bituminous coal) and coal hopper 111 contains a more reactive coal "C2" with higher alkali and lower chloride content (such as PRB coal).
  • the higher chlorine coal C1 is delivered to pulverizer 112 where it is pulverized and delivered via a portion of the blower air to burner 114 for combustion.
  • the more reactive coal C2 is delivered to pulverizer 113 where it is pulverized and delivered by a portion of the blower air to burner 115 for combustion.
  • the more reactive coal C2 with higher alkali but low chlorine content is injected at a lower, deeper staged level of the furnace section 120 while the higher chloride coal C1 is injected into an upper staged level of the furnace section 120.
  • the separation of the chlorides and alkali compounds can be seen in the flow of ash particles "AP1" and "AP2" of coals C1 and C2, respectively.
  • the ash particles AP2 deposit on a lower section of a waterwall 123 of the furnace section 120 and the ash particles AP1 deposit on a higher section of the waterwall 123.
  • Flue gas flows "F1", “F2”, and "F3" are also shown exiting the furnace section 120.
  • the amount of combustion air being used in the burners 114 and 115 is also different at the lower and upper staged levels of the furnace section 120.
  • the amount of air “A2" used in burner 115 to combust the more reactive coal C2 is lower than the amount of air "A1" used in burner 114 to combust the higher chlorine coal.
  • overfire air "A3" is injected into the furnace section 120 in a region above the burners 114 and 115 to encourage complete burnout and the formation of N 2 instead of NOx.
  • the problem of NOx production associated with higher chloride coals may be minimized by replacing a portion of the higher chloride coal with more reactive coal.
  • the amount of energy per unit weight of coal may be increased by replacing a portion of the more reactive coal with the higher chloride coal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
EP07112706A 2006-11-08 2007-07-18 Injection de charbon étagé pour fiabilité de chaudière et réduction d'émissions Withdrawn EP1983259A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/557,733 US20080105176A1 (en) 2006-11-08 2006-11-08 Staged-coal injection for boiler reliability and emissions reduction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1983259A2 true EP1983259A2 (fr) 2008-10-22
EP1983259A3 EP1983259A3 (fr) 2009-01-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07112706A Withdrawn EP1983259A3 (fr) 2006-11-08 2007-07-18 Injection de charbon étagé pour fiabilité de chaudière et réduction d'émissions

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US (1) US20080105176A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1983259A3 (fr)
CA (1) CA2593918A1 (fr)

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NL2001797C2 (nl) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-18 Essent En Produktie B V Werkwijze voor het verbranden van een tweede vaste brandstof in combinatie met een eerste vaste brandstof.
US8517720B2 (en) 2008-10-16 2013-08-27 Lochinvar, Llc Integrated dual chamber burner
US8286594B2 (en) * 2008-10-16 2012-10-16 Lochinvar, Llc Gas fired modulating water heating appliance with dual combustion air premix blowers
RU2428632C2 (ru) * 2010-08-31 2011-09-10 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Энергомашиностроительный Альянс" Способ факельного сжигания пылевидного топлива и устройство для реализации способа
CN101963352B (zh) * 2010-10-25 2011-12-21 南京航空航天大学 双旋流煤粉燃烧器
US9097436B1 (en) 2010-12-27 2015-08-04 Lochinvar, Llc Integrated dual chamber burner with remote communicating flame strip
RU2474758C1 (ru) * 2011-10-10 2013-02-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Политехэнерго" Способ регулирования температуры газов на выходе из камеры сгорания вихревой топки и вихревая топка
CN102494333B (zh) * 2011-11-14 2014-09-03 上海锅炉厂有限公司 一种燃用无烟煤的单火球四角直流燃烧器
US9464805B2 (en) 2013-01-16 2016-10-11 Lochinvar, Llc Modulating burner
RU2582722C2 (ru) * 2013-08-05 2016-04-27 Евгений Михайлович Пузырёв Вихревая топка
CN103486571A (zh) * 2013-09-18 2014-01-01 江苏太湖锅炉股份有限公司 一种双燃料锅炉

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1983259A3 (fr) 2009-01-21
US20080105176A1 (en) 2008-05-08
CA2593918A1 (fr) 2008-05-08

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