EP1984101A1 - Procédé d'épuration d'eaux usées - Google Patents

Procédé d'épuration d'eaux usées

Info

Publication number
EP1984101A1
EP1984101A1 EP07711568A EP07711568A EP1984101A1 EP 1984101 A1 EP1984101 A1 EP 1984101A1 EP 07711568 A EP07711568 A EP 07711568A EP 07711568 A EP07711568 A EP 07711568A EP 1984101 A1 EP1984101 A1 EP 1984101A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filtration device
membrane
wastewater
microorganisms
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP07711568A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Braun
Kay Gunther Gabriel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Itn Nanovation AG
Original Assignee
Itn Nanovation AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Itn Nanovation AG filed Critical Itn Nanovation AG
Publication of EP1984101A1 publication Critical patent/EP1984101A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
    • B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/024—Oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/024—Oxides
    • B01D71/025—Aluminium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
    • C02F3/1273—Submerged membrane bioreactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
    • B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • B01D65/04—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration with movable bodies, e.g. foam balls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/08—Aerobic processes using moving contact bodies
    • C02F3/085—Fluidized beds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filtration device for wastewater treatment, preferably for a sewage treatment plant, a sewage treatment plant with such a filtration device, a process for the purification of wastewater, especially sewage in a sewage treatment plant and the use of a ceramic-based membrane for the separation of microorganisms and possibly also of fine Solids from wastewater.
  • conventional wastewater treatment plants In addition to screen rakes and sedimentation tanks, which in a first step remove wastewater from coarse components, conventional wastewater treatment plants also contain an activated sludge tank and a secondary sedimentation tank. In the aeration tank, microorganisms are used to decompose faeces or other organic matter. The microorganisms used are again separated from the wastewater by sedimentation after the aeration tank in the secondary clarifier and z.T. returned to the aeration tank. A complete separation of the microorganisms is not possible by a sedimentation process, so that sometimes harmful microorganisms can get into the environment with the wastewater.
  • European Union water pollution control directives which have already been largely transposed into national law, however, provide throughout Europe for the exclusive release of biologically treated wastewater, which is essentially free of microorganisms, into the environment.
  • the separation of the microorganisms is usually carried out by fine filters that reliably separate microorganisms.
  • Small wastewater treatment plants are relatively widespread, consisting of a round concrete tank, which in turn is subdivided into three chambers (primary clarification / activated sludge tank / secondary clarification).
  • the primary treatment is used first to remove coarse constituents from the wastewater mechanically or by simple sedimentation.
  • the separated coarse components must be pumped out at regular intervals.
  • the activated sludge tank contains microorganisms that perform the biological purification
  • the secondary clarifier serves to separate the microorganisms entered and their return to the aeration tank and / or in the primary clarifier.
  • This equipment can be supplemented, for example, by a compressor which supplies oxygen to the activated sludge tank via a membrane pipe aerator and a submersible pump for conveying the excess sludge.
  • the wastewater In order to avoid that harmful microorganisms are introduced into the living soil zone or to allow treated wastewater to continue to be used as service water, the wastewater must therefore be additionally filtered.
  • a sewage treatment plant is described, the wastewater is filtered through submerged microfiltration membranes, to then pass it into a water heater and reuse.
  • a microfiltration device is used as a retrofit described sentence for a small sewage treatment plant, which is connected to the aeration tank, but before the actual operation of the sewage treatment plant.
  • organic filter membranes are used, which are arranged in modular form.
  • organic filter membranes have the disadvantage that they can be insufficiently regenerated or chemically cleaned, so that all these membranes must be renewed usually in relatively short periods ( ⁇ 1 year).
  • organic membranes have only limited mechanical stability, so that they can be easily damaged at higher fluid pressures.
  • filter membranes are also associated with the fundamental problem that deposits during the filtration on the outer surface of the membrane, a cover layer (the so-called fouling), which opposes the material to be filtered resistance. This leads to a drastic reduction of the filter performance up to the total blockage and thus to a total failure of the filter membrane.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a simple and inexpensive solution for the purification of wastewater.
  • the focus should be in particular on the separation of microorganisms contained in wastewater.
  • Known from the prior art problems such as the aforementioned destruction of filter membranes by biological or mechanical action or the clogging of membranes and associated expensive purification steps should be largely avoided.
  • a filtration device according to the invention for wastewater treatment is intended in particular for use in a sewage treatment plant, in particular in a small sewage treatment plant. It is characterized in that it comprises at least one ceramic-based membrane for the separation of microorganisms.
  • a ceramic-based membrane is characterized by resistance to biological or chemical action as well as by high mechanical stability.
  • a filtration device according to the invention with ceramic-based membrane therefore can be used without problems in suspended bed process, especially in small wastewater treatment plants operated by the WSB® method. It easily resists the biological effect caused by the microorganisms and reliably separates them at the same time. Even fine solids and suspended matter can optionally be reliably separated. At the same time it is also more resistant to mechanical action, for example by floating in the aeration tank plastic carrier particles. This is particularly positive in terms of maintenance intervals and membrane life.
  • a membrane of a filtration device is preferably a membrane plate made of a porous ceramic.
  • the shape of the membrane plate is basically free. For example, round or rectangular membrane plates, matched to the particular individual case, may be preferred.
  • the membrane plate has a coating.
  • This preferably comprises at least one separating layer which consists at least partially, in some preferred embodiments substantially completely, of nanoscale particles.
  • the release layer has a proportion of nanoscale particles of at least 5 wt .-%, more preferably of at least 25 wt .-%, in particular of at least 40 wt .-%.
  • Particles having an average particle size of less than 1 .mu.m, preferably less than 500 nm, in particular nanoscale particles, are to be used. Re below 100 nm, more preferably below 50 nm. These sizes refer to values obtained by light scattering experiments.
  • the mentioned coating on the membrane plate consist exclusively of the at least one separating layer.
  • the coating also comprises at least one further porous layer which is arranged between the membrane plate and the at least one separating layer.
  • the at least one separating layer is preferably the outer layer on which substantially the separation of the microorganisms takes place.
  • the coating located on the membrane plate preferably has a thickness between 100 nm and 150 .mu.m, preferably between 500 nm and 100 .mu.m, in particular from about 25 .mu.m to 60 .mu.m. These values preferably also apply to the cases in which the coating consists of the at least one further porous layer and the at least one separating layer.
  • the thickness of the at least one separating layer is preferably in the range between 100 nm and 75 ⁇ m, in particular in the range between 5 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m, in particular approximately 25 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the at least one further porous layer is preferably in the range between 100 nm and 75 ⁇ m, in particular in the range between 5 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m, in particular approximately 25 ⁇ m.
  • the porous ceramic of the membrane plate (substrate) preferably has pores with a diameter between 100 nm and 10 .mu.m, more preferably between 500 nm and 6 .mu.m, in particular between 500 nm and 3 .mu.m.
  • the at least one further porous layer preferably has pores with a diameter between 500 nm and 2 ⁇ m, more preferably between 500 nm and 1 ⁇ m, in particular between 600 nm and 900 nm.
  • a separating layer preferably has pores with a diameter between 1 nm and 1400 nm, preferably between 50 nm and 500 nm, in particular between 50 nm and 300 nm, particularly preferably between 200 nm and 300 nm.
  • the pore size of possibly underlying layers does not generally affect the separation of the microorganisms directly. However, it is preferred that underlying layers have larger pores relative to the release layer. Particularly preferably, the pore size consists of a slope towards the outer separating layer. Thus, it is preferred that the pore sizes decrease toward the outside.
  • the size of the pores of the at least one further porous layer is between the size of the pores of the separation layer (lowest pore sizes) and the size of the pores of the membrane plate (has the largest pores). This applies in particular to the average values of the pore sizes within the layers (since the pore size within a layer is often not uniform, overlaps with respect to the absolute pore sizes may possibly occur, such that, for example, the size of the largest pores of the at least one separation Layer can exceed the size of the smallest pores of the at least one further porous layer).
  • the porous ceramic of the membrane plate is preferably a ceramic based on a metal oxide, in particular based on aluminum oxide.
  • oxidic ceramics such as alumina ceramics
  • nonoxidic ceramics may also be used in further preferred embodiments.
  • the nanoparticles of the separating layer are preferably oxidic nanoparticles, in particular aluminum oxide particles.
  • nanoparticles of zirconium dioxide or titanium dioxide or else mixtures of the abovementioned oxidic nanoparticles may be preferred in particular.
  • Zeolites are particularly well suited for particularly thin separating layers.
  • the nanoparticles may also be non-oxidic nanoparticles.
  • the membrane plate on the inside at least one channel for the discharge of purified wastewater.
  • a plurality of channels, preferably arranged parallel to one another, which extend uniformly over the interior of the membrane plate are preferred.
  • a filtration device according to the present invention preferably has at least 2 membrane plates. Depending on the individual case, the number of membrane plates can vary greatly. Thus, for the purification of relatively small amounts of wastewater filtration devices with 3 to 15, in particular 3-10 membrane plates may be preferred. If larger amounts of wastewater occur, however, filtration devices with several hundred membrane plates are also conceivable.
  • a filtration device according to the invention preferably has a modular construction, which allows to vary the number of membrane plates according to the respective requirements.
  • the at least two membrane plates are arranged substantially parallel to one another. It is further preferred that the distance between a plurality of membrane plates arranged substantially parallel to one another is essentially always the same.
  • a membrane plate in a filtration device can basically be chosen freely, depending on the individual case. The same applies in principle to the dimensions of a membrane plate, wherein the length or width of a membrane plate usually does not exceed 150 cm.
  • a rectangular membrane plate has a length of about 50 cm and a width of about 11 cm.
  • the thickness of a membrane plate in a filtration device according to the invention is generally preferably in the range between 0.15 mm and 20 mm, in particular between 0.5 mm and 10 mm. In a particularly preferred embodiment, a membrane plate has a thickness of about 6 mm.
  • a sewage treatment plant according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one filtration device according to the present invention.
  • a sewage treatment plant according to the invention is preferably a small sewage treatment plant, in particular with a purification capacity for 1 to 5,000 persons (up to a population equivalent of 5,000).
  • the filtration device according to the invention has already been explained sufficiently. The relevant parts of the description are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • a treatment plant according to the present invention comprises at least one aeration tank for wastewater. In this biological purification of wastewater by microorganisms takes place.
  • At least one secondary settling tank for wastewater is connected downstream of the at least one activated sludge tank.
  • a filtration device according to the invention can be connected both directly to an aeration tank and to a secondary clarifier.
  • the present invention also encompasses a process for the purification of wastewater, in particular in a sewage treatment plant. This is characterized by the fact that located in the wastewater microorganisms are separated by means of at least one ceramic-based membrane.
  • the inventive method preferably comprises a biological purification of the wastewater by microorganisms in at least one activated sludge tank.
  • a method according to the present invention comprises a final clarification of the wastewater in at least one secondary clarifier.
  • a ceramic-based membrane as a filter for the separation of microorganisms from wastewater.
  • the ceramic-based membrane is a membrane plate made of a porous ceramic, which is provided with an optionally multi-layer coating comprising a separating layer which consists at least partially of nanoscale particles.
  • Fig. 1 Left: membrane plates for a preferred embodiment of the filtration device according to the invention with channels for the discharge of purified water. In each case, the outputs of a plurality of mutually parallel channels can be seen in the membranes. The channels are used to remove the purified wastewater.
  • FIG. 2 SEM image of a section through a membrane plate suitable according to the invention.
  • Three layers can be seen, namely the separating layer on the left, another porous layer in the middle and on the right a membrane plate made of a porous ceramic.
  • the layers and the membrane plate itself each consist of alumina.
  • the separating layer and the further porous layer each have a thickness of about 25 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the membrane plate is up to 3.25 mm.
  • the pore size decreases towards the separation layer from 4000 to 6000 nm (membrane plate) over approx. 800 nm (central further porous layer) to approx. 200 nm (separation layer).
  • FIG. 3 Filtration device according to the invention with ten membrane plates arranged parallel to one another.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
  • Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de filtrage utilisé pour épurer des eaux usées, conçu en particulier pour une station d'épuration, en particulier une station d'épuration de petites dimensions. Ce dispositif de filtrage comprend au moins une membrane à base de céramique destinée à séparer les micro-organismes. Cette invention concerne également une station d'épuration équipée d'un dispositif de filtrage de ce type, ainsi qu'un procédé d'épuration d'eaux usées, en particulier dans une station d'épuration. Selon ce procédé, les micro-organismes se trouvant dans les eaux usées sont séparés à l'aide d'au moins une membrane à base de céramique. La présente invention se rapporte en outre à l'utilisation d'une membrane à base de céramique en tant que filtre pour séparer les micro-organismes et éventuellement les matières solides fines se trouvant dans les eaux usées.
EP07711568A 2006-02-17 2007-02-17 Procédé d'épuration d'eaux usées Ceased EP1984101A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610008453 DE102006008453A1 (de) 2006-02-17 2006-02-17 Reinigungsverfahren für Abwässer
PCT/EP2007/001383 WO2007093441A1 (fr) 2006-02-17 2007-02-17 Procédé d'épuration d'eaux usées

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1984101A1 true EP1984101A1 (fr) 2008-10-29

Family

ID=38057481

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20060090141 Withdrawn EP1820565A1 (fr) 2006-02-17 2006-08-18 Méthode pour empêcher le colmatage de la surface active d'une membrane, placée en particulier dans un module membranaire pour la purification d'eaux usées
EP07711567.3A Not-in-force EP1984100B1 (fr) 2006-02-17 2007-02-17 Procédé d'épuration d'eaux usées
EP07711568A Ceased EP1984101A1 (fr) 2006-02-17 2007-02-17 Procédé d'épuration d'eaux usées

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20060090141 Withdrawn EP1820565A1 (fr) 2006-02-17 2006-08-18 Méthode pour empêcher le colmatage de la surface active d'une membrane, placée en particulier dans un module membranaire pour la purification d'eaux usées
EP07711567.3A Not-in-force EP1984100B1 (fr) 2006-02-17 2007-02-17 Procédé d'épuration d'eaux usées

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (2) US8057688B2 (fr)
EP (3) EP1820565A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009526639A (fr)
CN (2) CN101460236B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0707962A2 (fr)
CA (2) CA2642327C (fr)
DE (1) DE102006008453A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1984100T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2553478T3 (fr)
IL (1) IL193410A0 (fr)
IN (1) IN263502B (fr)
MX (2) MX2008010267A (fr)
WO (2) WO2007093441A1 (fr)

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EP3167958A1 (fr) 2007-10-03 2017-05-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Procédé de préparation d'agents de concentration de microorganismes
EP2112553B1 (fr) 2008-04-22 2012-02-08 GMG GmbH & Co. KG Fabrication d'épreuves en couleur
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WO2015180772A1 (fr) 2014-05-28 2015-12-03 Itn Nanovation Ag Procédé et dispositif pour extraire des radionucléides de l'eau
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US20090255867A1 (en) 2009-10-15
MX2008010267A (es) 2009-01-23
US20090314710A1 (en) 2009-12-24
EP1984100B1 (fr) 2015-09-02
DE102006008453A1 (de) 2007-08-23
IL193410A0 (en) 2009-05-04
CN101460236A (zh) 2009-06-17
IN263502B (fr) 2009-02-13
CA2642327A1 (fr) 2007-08-23
WO2007093441A1 (fr) 2007-08-23
CA2642396A1 (fr) 2007-08-23
DK1984100T3 (en) 2015-12-14
US8057688B2 (en) 2011-11-15
CN101384343A (zh) 2009-03-11
CN101460236B (zh) 2013-09-11
MX2008010514A (es) 2008-10-24
CA2642327C (fr) 2014-11-18
JP2009526639A (ja) 2009-07-23
EP1984100A1 (fr) 2008-10-29
BRPI0707962A2 (pt) 2011-05-10
WO2007093440A1 (fr) 2007-08-23
ES2553478T3 (es) 2015-12-09
EP1820565A1 (fr) 2007-08-22

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