Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
  • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
  • C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
  • C10L1/1857—Aldehydes; Ketones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2227—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond urea; derivatives thereof; urethane
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/02—Water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/08—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
  • C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
  • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines

Definitions

• Suggested inventions are related to petrochemistry sphere and, specifically, to the additives to lubricants and fuels, as well as to internal-combustion engine fuel, diesel fuel, and heat-electric power plants and smelting furnaces fuel containing the universal additive.
• Detriment of described additive is that during its usage some metallic structures of fuel system, particularly of carburetor internal-combustion engine, undergo to increased corrosion and wear leading to reducing the engine life.
• Described fuel allows raising the hydrocarbon fuel combustion degree due to using in its composition the additives containing the metals, but presence of metals in fuel increases the metallic parts wear and corrosion that leads to loss of engine life.
• Described fuel allows raising the hydrocarbon fuel combustion degree due to using in its composition the additives containing the metals, but presence of metals in fuel increases the metallic parts wear and corrosion that leads to loss of engine life.
• Detriment of described fuel is that during its usage as the heat-electric power plants and smelting furnaces fuel the required amount of additive is such that usage of this fuel with additive becomes unprofitable.
• the engine efficiency raise is achieved due to fuel combustion increase only and not associated with the ion processes in cylinder, as for essential influence on these processes the compounds in fuel composition should have the ability to create the stable ionized atmosphere around the gas particles.
• Polarization of compound's molecules in external electric field of the central compound's ion is the parameter of such ability.
• Molar refractions of known additives have the relatively low values which do not exceed 3 ⁇ 10 -5 m 3 /mol; therefore such additives virtually do not influence on ion processes during the fuel combustion and do not contribute to increasing the engine heat efficiency.
• the base of suggested inventions is determined by the task of creating such compositions of fuel and universal additive to the lubricants and the fuels which upon their usage both for engine (transmission) oils, lubricants, benzine, and for kerosene, diesel fuel, furnace fuel and masout would allow, additionally to reduction of fouling during the engines operation process and reduction of exhaust gas toxicity, to reduce the engine fuel system metallic parts wear due to creating the conditions for molar refraction increase by means of forming double ion layer in friction pairs.
• Suggested, as well as the known, universal additive to the fuels contains the aliphatic C 1 -C 4 monatomic saturated alcohol and water, and, in compliance with the invention, it additionally contains water- and / or alcohol-soluble ammonium salt of saturated monobasic carboxylic C 2 -C 5 acid and / or carbonic acid and / or carbamide at the following ratio of ingredients, mass %: aliphatic C 1 -C 4 monatomic saturated alcohol water- and / or alcohol-soluble ammonium salt of saturated 0,1-82 monobasic carboxylic C 2 -C 5 acid and / or carbonic acid 0,1-16 and / or carbamide 0,1-44 water - to 100.
• the first alternative of suggested internal-combustion engine fuel contains the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and the additive dissolved in the hydrocarbons mixture, and, in compliance with the invention, benzine is used as the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and the universal fuel additive having the composition specified above and the following ratio of ingredients, mass %, is used as the additive:
• the second alternative of suggested internal-combustion engine fuel contains the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and the additive dissolved in the hydrocarbons mixture, and, in compliance with the invention, masout is used as the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and the universal fuel additive having the composition specified above and the following ratio of ingredients, mass %, is used as the additive:
• the first alternative of suggested diesel engine fuel contains the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and the additive dissolved in the hydrocarbons mixture, and, in compliance with the invention, diesel fuel is used as the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and the universal fuel additive having the composition specified above and the following ratio of ingredients, mass %, is used as the additive:
• the second alternative of suggested diesel engine fuel contains the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and the additive dissolved in the hydrocarbons mixture, and, in compliance with the invention, rapeseed oil and / or diesel fuel and / or methyl ether of rapeseed oil is used as the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and the universal fuel additive having the composition specified above and the following ratio of ingredients, mass %, is used as the additive:
• the third alternative of suggested diesel engine fuel contains the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and the additive dissolved in the hydrocarbons mixture, and, in compliance with the invention, methyl ether of rapeseed oil is used as the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and the universal fuel additive having the composition specified above and the following ratio of ingredients, mass %, is used as the additive:
• Heat-electric power plants and smelting furnaces fuel contains the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and the additive dissolved in the hydrocarbons mixture, and, in compliance with the invention, masout is used as the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and the universal fuel additive having the composition specified above and the following ratio of ingredients, mass %, is used as the additive:
• Adding to fuels the organic substances in form of additives with the indicated properties ensures increase of engine heat efficiency value and reduction of discharge gases due to decrease of operating temperature in cylinder. Furthermore, absence of solid particles and halogens in combustion products in combination with the combustion temperature decrease contributes to engine wear reduction and the catalytic filters life time extension.
• Suggested universal additive to fuels represents the composition having the following structural formula: or where R 1 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, alkyl or alkenyl radical; R 2 is hydrogen, aryl or alkyl radical; X is substituted or unsubstituted amides, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, alkyl or alkenyl radical.
• Dibenzalacetone (molar refraction value equals 7.29 ⁇ 10 -5 m 3 /mol), N-phenyl amide of salicylic acid (molar refraction value equals 6.04 ⁇ 10 -5 m 3 /mol), N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-diphenyl urea (molar refraction value equals 7.22 ⁇ 10 -5 m 3 /mol), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'- diethyl urea (molar refraction value equals 8.15 ⁇ 10 -5 m 3 /mol), or N,N'-diisopropyl-N,N'-diphenyl urea (molar refraction value equals 9.08 ⁇ 10 -5 m 3 /MOJIb) can be the examples of such compositions.
• the other compositions meeting the specified above requirements can be used additionally to mentioned substances.
• the additive is introduced as the condensate containing the additive itself and its carrier.
• such concentrates contain from 5 to 50 mass % of additive, mainly in the form of solution in petroleum product.
• the liquid carriers the re can be used organic solvents such as petroleum fractions, aromatic hydrocarbons, and paraffin hydrocarbons. Liquid carrier should be chosen providing its compatibility with the additive and fuel.
• the author has determined in experimental way the optimal ingredients and their ratio in suggested compositions of universal additive to fuel materials and fuel. It was found that the presence of ammonium salt of saturated monobasic carboxylic C 2 -C 5 acid and / or carbonic acid (water- and / or alcohol-soluble) in composition of universal additive to fuels ensures the formation of required double-layer ion coating. Amount of mentioned substance equal to 0.1-16 mass % is optimal. In case of ammonium salt amount less than 0.1 mass % the universal additive usage effect is virtually absent. Increase in mentioned substance amount over 16 mass % is not economically reasonable as such increase does not perceptibly contribute to fuel combustion intensity raise. Mentioned substance plays the role of ions creator in suggested composition. The carbamides play the same role in suggested composition.
• composition of the universal additive to fuels for ammonium salts of saturated monobasic carboxylic C 2 -C 5 acid and / or carbonic acid (water- and / or alcohol-soluble) or be used independently or together with the mentioned ammonium salts.
• Optimal experimental amount of carbamide equals 0.1-44 mass %. In case of carbamide amount less than 0.1 mass % and absence of ammonium salt of saturated monobasic carboxylic C 2 -C 5 acid and / or carbonic acid (water- and / or alcohol-soluble) the universal additive to fuels usage effect is virtually absent. Increase of carbamide amount over 44 mass % is not reasonable as leads to destruction of formed ion structures.
• Spatial structure of saturated hydrocarbon - traditional fuel for internal-combustion engine - in case of addition to it of aliphatic C 1 -C 4 alcohol and acetic acid at the components ratio specified above contributes during the pre-flame period to destruction of chain side branches without formation of peroxide - primary cause of detonation. It increases the fuel combustion speed as the oxygen substitutes for the hydrogen more intensively covering the greater part of hydrocarbons.
• the benzine is used as the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons as the most commonly used product.
• the experiments have shown that the optimal amount of universal additive for benzine is 0.0000050...0.0008 mass %. In case of the universal additive amount less than 0.0000050 mass % the effect of its usage with benzine is virtually absent. Increase of the universal additive amount over 0.0008 mass % is not economically reasonable as such increase does not perceptibly contribute to fuel combustion intensity raise.
• the masout is used as the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons.
• the experiments have shown that the optimal amount of universal additive for masout is 0.00001...0.005 mass %. In case of the universal additive amount less than 0.00001 mass % the effect of its usage with masout is virtually absent. Increase of the universal additive amount over 0.005 mass % is not economically reasonable as such increase does not perceptibly contribute to masout combustion intensity raise.
• the rapeseed oil is used as the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons.
• the experiments have shown that the optimal amount of universal additive for rapeseed oil is 0.00001...0.0025 mass %. In case of the universal additive amount less than 0.00001 mass % the effect of its usage with rapeseed oil is virtually absent. Increase of the universal additive amount over 0.0025 mass % is not economically reasonable as such increase does not perceptibly contribute to fuel combustion intensity raise.
• the methyl ether of rapeseed oil is used as the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons.
• the experiments have shown that the optimal amount of universal additive for methyl ether of rapeseed oil is 0.00001...0.0025 mass %. In case of the universal additive amount less than 0.00001 mass % the effect of its usage with methyl ether of rapeseed oil is virtually absent. Increase of the universal additive amount over 0.0025 mass % is not economically reasonable as such increase does not perceptibly contribute to fuel combustion intensity raise.
• the masout is used as the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons.
• the experiments have shown that the optimal amount of universal additive for masout is 0.00001...0.005 mass %. In case of the universal additive amount less than 0.00001 mass % the effect of its usage with masout is virtually absent. Increase of the universal additive amount over 0.005 mass % is not economically reasonable as such increase does not perceptibly contribute to fuel combustion intensity raise.
• Suggested universal additive is also used as the additive to lubricants such as to engine lubricants and oils for cars and trucks, transmission oils, gear and cylinder oils.
• Optimal amount of the universal additive in lubricant is 0.00001...0.15 mass %, as namely at such additive amount double ion layer is formed that contributes to reducing the friction and friction pairs wear speed.
• the universal additive amount less than 0.00001 mass % the effect of its usage with lubricant is virtually absent.
• Increase of the universal additive amount over 0.15 mass % leads to double layer destruction and extinction of its usage effect.
• the universal additive to lubricants and fuels was prepared by means of simple mixing of listed ingredients with specified above ratio of volumes and agitated till complete dissolution of ammonium salt and / or carbamide.
• Tests were carried out according to standard procedures using the automobiles ZIL-130, 138, GAZ-24, VAZ-21011, 2103, TOYOTA CAMRY 2,4, TOYOTA CRESIDA 1,6; buses LAZ-699P and Ikarus-280:
• usage of suggested additive may have the significant economic effect as this additive allows reducing the hazard emissions to atmosphere, reducing consumption of fuel and oil, raising the engine power, and increasing the engine overhaul life.
• Table 6 Quantitative composition of samples of suggested universal additive to fuels No. Ingredient description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 Methyl alcohol 52 50 2 Ethyl alcohol 60 0,1 75 64 84 0,1 3 Propyl alcohol 68 4 Isopropyl alcohol 74 58 5 Butyl alcohol 82 22 6 Isobutyl alcohol 69,9 7 Ammonium salt of acetic acid 12 0,1 5 4 0,9 8 Ammonium salt of propionic acid 9,9 6 9 Ammonium salt of butyric acid 6 10 Ammonium salt of isobutyric acid 0,1 10 11 Ammonium salt of valeric acidacid 14 12 Ammonium salt of isovaleric acidacid 8 10 13 Ammonium salt of carbonic acid 8,9 5,9 4 18 14 Carbamide 7 0,1 30 44 15 Water 32 28 22 18 12 14 16 28 32 10 44 32 55 Table 2 Test results (+) Additive samples / parameters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Content of CO
• Table 5 Comparative values of masout specific consumption for different types of boiler furnaces Type of boiler furnace Masout consumption without suggested additive, t/hour Masout consumption with suggested additive, t/hour Short drum-type furnace 1,25 0,94 Fuming furnace 2 1,65 PTK-4 boiler 1,2 1,02 HES boiler (50 t of steam per hour) 1,5 1,37 HES boiler (200 t of steam per hour) 1 0,83 Martin furnace 2 1,8 Note: additive was introduced to masout in amount of 0,0022 - 0,0026 mass % Table 6 Results of oils and lubricants with additive study Parameter/ Sample No.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Cited By (4)

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• 2006
  • 2006-03-02 UA UAA200602282A patent/UA88878C2/uk unknown
  • 2006-03-28 CN CN2006800014671A patent/CN101180384B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-03-28 EP EP06748142A patent/EP1990397A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-03-28 WO PCT/UA2006/000015 patent/WO2007100309A1/fr not_active Ceased

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