EP1991713B1 - Matériau composite métal-aérogel - Google Patents

Matériau composite métal-aérogel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1991713B1
EP1991713B1 EP07726498.4A EP07726498A EP1991713B1 EP 1991713 B1 EP1991713 B1 EP 1991713B1 EP 07726498 A EP07726498 A EP 07726498A EP 1991713 B1 EP1991713 B1 EP 1991713B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composite material
metal
airgel
material according
range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07726498.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1991713A2 (fr
Inventor
Lorenz Ratke
Sabine BRÜCK
Sonja Steinbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Publication of EP1991713A2 publication Critical patent/EP1991713A2/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
    • C22C1/081—Casting porous metals into porous preform skeleton without foaming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249981—Plural void-containing components

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a composite of a metal matrix with embedded nanostructured materials having macroscopic dimensions (micro to millimeter).
  • Metallic foams are usually produced by gassing a melt or by thermal decomposition of, for example, hydrides.
  • the foam production is in principle a transient, unstable and difficult to control process.
  • the hitherto known methods are extensively documented in the literature ( J. Banhart, J. Bauhoff, M.Weber, Metallschaum, Aluminum, 70, 209-211 (1994 ); J. Banhart, J. Bauhoff, M. Weber: Foamed Metals as New Lightweight Materials, VDI Berichte 1021, 277-284, (1993 ); H. Cohrt, F. Baumgärtner, D. Brungs, H.
  • Foams are largely equated with sponges and, as colloidal chemical systems, are structures of gas-filled, spherical or polyhedron-shaped cells, which are bounded by solid cell stems.
  • the cell barriers connected by so-called nodal points, form a coherent framework.
  • the foam lamellae (closed-cell foam) stretch between the cell bridges. If the foam lamellae are destroyed or flow back into the cell ridges at the end of foaming, an open-celled foam is obtained.
  • Foams are thermodynamically unstable because surface energy can be obtained by reducing the surface area. The stability and thus the existence of a foam is thus dependent on how far it is possible to prevent its self-destruction.
  • DE 40 18 360 C1 describes the foaming of aluminum alloys with the aid of titanium hydride powder.
  • DE 41 01 630 C2 describes the foaming also of other metals and Alloys such as bronze also with the help of titanium hydride powder.
  • the WO 96/19314 A1 describes a composite material as a solder material with high mechanical stability, consisting of a high-melting and a low-melting metal component and a filling component. After brazing, intermetallic phases are formed having a melting point above the processing temperature, which has internal surfaces on the filler components. These internal surfaces improve the mechanical stability of the solder joint.
  • German translation DE 603 01 737 T2 emerged from EP 1 333 222 B1 describes a process for the production of a superinsulating composite panel which as insulating core is enclosed in a porous superinsulating material with micro or nano cell structure and with a dense barrier jacket under vacuum.
  • the fillers must be removed consuming in an additional step.
  • the object of the present invention is thus to provide metal foams, that is to say porous metallic materials which, despite their low weight, have high mechanical stability.
  • This object of the invention is achieved in a first embodiment by a pore-containing composite material of a metal matrix with embedded nanostructured aerogels.
  • Pores in the sense of the invention are those volume ranges of the composite which are not filled with metal and have a density in a range of 0.001 g / cm 3 to 0.1 g / cm 3 .
  • the pores are partially or completely filled by the embedded nanostructured materials.
  • the term pores according to the invention which are classically filled with gas, thus deviates deliberately from the previous understanding, since the pores according to the invention can also be filled with airgel.
  • Nanostructured materials in the sense of the invention include those which have elevations on their surface, of which at least 80% of the elevations are spaced from adjacent elevations in the range of 5 nm to 500 nm, the elevations themselves having a height in the range of 5 nm have up to 500 nm.
  • materials whose inner structure consists of nanoparticles that is, particles with a diameter in a range of 2 to 100 nm, which are crosslinked. If the nanostructured materials are present as particles, the particle size is advantageously in a range of 0.1 to 5 mm.
  • the porosity of the composite material according to the invention is in a range of 20 to 80%, particularly preferably in a range of 30 to 70%.
  • the porosity according to the invention is the ratio of the weight of a certain predetermined volume of the composite material according to the invention to the weight of a corresponding non-porous metal body of the same volume. If the porosity is too large, this composite material has too low a mechanical strength for many applications. If the porosity is too low, the weight of this composite is too high for many applications. Because the pores may advantageously also be filled by the nanostructured materials, in this case the porosity essentially corresponds to the volume content of the nanostructured materials, in the event that the nanostructured materials are negligibly light.
  • the volume of the individual filled pores is preferably adjusted so that the volume of at least 80% of the pores is at most 500 mm 3 each. If the volume of more than 80% of the pores is more than 500 mm 3 in each case, then these composite materials are not sufficiently mechanically strong.
  • the pore size of the composite according to the invention can be determined, for example, according to ASTM 3576-77.
  • the nanostructured materials are chemically inert.
  • Chemically inert in the sense of the invention means that the nanostructured materials do not undergo a chemical reaction with molten metal. This is particularly advantageous since such a degradation, for example oxidation, of the metal matrix can be avoided.
  • the nanostructured materials are aerogels. Due to the low density of these materials, during manufacture, particles of these materials can be encapsulated with metallic melts to form the pores of the composite of the invention without the need to remove these materials from the composite. This applies in particular to airgel, since the density of the airgel used according to the invention is advantageously in a range of 0.005 to 0.025 g / cm 3 . Airgel is particularly advantageous because it is open-cell, has a high specific surface area and therefore can be used in both open-cell and closed-cell materials. In contrast, closed-cell nanostructured materials could not result in open-cell composites.
  • T he aerogels according to the invention contains advantageously comprise silica aerogels. Also If the composite materials according to the invention can be obtained with hydrophilic aerogels, hydrophobic aerogels are nevertheless preferred, since they are particularly easy to wet with molten metal.
  • the pore diameter of the airgel itself is advantageously in the range from 5 to 50 nm.
  • the specific surface area of the aerogels used according to the invention is advantageously in a range from 200 to 1500 m 2 / g.
  • the thermal conductivity of the aerogels is in a range of 0.005 to 0.03 W / mK at 25 ° C.
  • the airgel is preferably present as granules, in particular as granules, in which the particle size distribution is such that at least 80% by volume of the airgel granules have a particle size in a range from 0.1 to 5 mm.
  • the shape of the grains of the airgel is advantageously selected from spherical, polyhedral, cylindrical or platelet-shaped.
  • the metal of the matrix is advantageously selected from aluminum, zinc, tin, copper, magnesium, silicon or an alloy of at least two of these metals.
  • the metal matrix is particularly preferably made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • preferred alloys are AISi, AISiMg, AlCu, bronze or brass.
  • the melting point of the metal matrix according to the invention is advantageously in a range of 600 to 900 ° C, in particular in a range of 600 to 750 ° C.
  • the composites of the invention advantageously have a compressive strength or compressive strength at a compression of 20% of at least 8 MPa (according to DIN 53577 / ISO 3386).
  • the density of the composite materials according to the invention is advantageously in a range of 0.3 to 2 g / cm 3 , in particular in a range of 1 to 2 g / cm 3 . If the density of the composite is too high, then the composite is unsuitable for many applications where lightweight materials are required. However, if the density is too low, the resulting composites are not sufficiently mechanically stable.
  • the object is thus achieved, for example, by stirring polyhedral or spherical nanostructured silica airgel particles into an optionally thixotropic molten metal. Since the airgel is advantageously chemically inert, no reaction takes place between the metal and the melt. During stirring, the metal solidifies and encloses the airgel particles. Even in the soft state of the metal composite can be pressed advantageously, so that a desired shape can be done. Thixotropic in the context of the invention, the molten metal is always when the temperature is between the liquidus and solidus.
  • the method may also be advantageously based on backfilling an aggregate of airgel granules with a molten metal.
  • the advantageously pressurized melt penetrates into the interstices and fills the gussets. After solidification, the airgel no longer needs to be removed, since at a density of, for example, about 0.015 g / cm 3 it is only a fraction of the total weight.
  • the pressurization can be advantageously realized in smaller components by the centrifugal force in the centrifugal casting and in larger components in die casting.
  • the object underlying the invention is achieved by the use of the composite materials according to the invention in structural lightweight construction, especially in automotive applications or in portable electronic devices.
  • Silica airgel granules were recovered from airgel monoliths by grinding.
  • the resulting hydrophilic polyhedral silica airgel (Airglas®, Staffanstorp, Sweden) was initially baked out as granules at 600 ° C.
  • An AISi alloy (aluminum containing 7% by weight of silicon) was melted and subsequently brought into the thixotropic (semi-solid) state by slow stirring while simultaneously lowering the temperature to the interval between liquidus and solidus temperatures.
  • Airgel granules (grain size 0.1 mm to 5 mm) were added to 40% by volume of the metal by stirring. The mixing was done by hand.
  • the semi-solid metal prevented floating of the extremely lightweight silica airgel granules.
  • Fig. 1 shows the metallic composite according to Example 1.
  • Airgel granulate according to Example 1 was backfilled with a 720 ° C hot AISiMg alloy (aluminum containing 7 wt.% Silicon and 0.6 wt.% Magnesium). For this purpose, a mold was filled with a loose bed of airgel granules. The casting took place from below, so that the melt with a slight pressure completely filled the spaces between the particles. In this case, a slight overpressure of 1 atm sufficed. After completion of the casting, a metallic composite of airgel granules and metal was obtained.
  • AISiMg alloy aluminum containing 7 wt.% Silicon and 0.6 wt.% Magnesium
  • the airgel granules as in Example 1 were filled in a heat-resistant mold until complete filling and used in a centrifugal casting plant.
  • the crucible of the centrifugal casting plant (AuTi 2.0, Linn High-Term, Eschfelden) was filled with an alloy of aluminum containing 7 wt.% Silicon (about 100 g).
  • the voids between the airgel particles were completely filled with metal.
  • the volume content of pores, which are completely filled with airgel could be varied by the particle size distribution of the filler particles between 50 and 80%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Matériau composite contenant des pores et consistant en une matrice métallique avec des aérogels nanostructurés intégrés dans les pores, dans lequel les pores sont des domaines volumiques dudit matériau composite n'étant pas remplis de métal et ayant une densité comprise entre 0,001 g/cm3 et 0,1 g/cm3.
  2. Matériau composite selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite matrice métallique comprend de l'aluminium ou un alliage d'aluminium.
  3. Matériau composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits aérogels nanostructurés sont chimiquement inertes.
  4. Matériau composite selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit aérogel est un aérogel de silice.
  5. Matériau composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits aérogels présentent une granulométrie comprise entre 0,1 mm et 5 mm.
  6. Matériau composite selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la porosité est comprise entre 20 et 80 %.
  7. Procédé pour préparer un matériau composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les étapes suivantes sont effectuées consistant à :
    a) mélanger ledit aérogel avec un métal en fusion dehors et transférer le mélange dans un moule, ou
    a') mélanger ledit aérogel avec un métal en fusion dans le moule,
    b) solidifier le mélange, et
    c) démouler.
  8. Utilisation des matériaux composites selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 dans la construction légère structurelle, notamment dans des applications dans les véhicules à moteur ou dans des dispositifs électroniques portatifs.
EP07726498.4A 2006-03-03 2007-02-26 Matériau composite métal-aérogel Active EP1991713B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610009917 DE102006009917B4 (de) 2006-03-03 2006-03-03 Metall-Aerogel-Metallschaum-Verbundwerkstoff
PCT/EP2007/051792 WO2007101799A2 (fr) 2006-03-03 2007-02-26 Matériau composite métal-aérogel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1991713A2 EP1991713A2 (fr) 2008-11-19
EP1991713B1 true EP1991713B1 (fr) 2019-10-16

Family

ID=38222318

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07726498.4A Active EP1991713B1 (fr) 2006-03-03 2007-02-26 Matériau composite métal-aérogel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20090226700A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1991713B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006009917B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2764075T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX2008011003A (fr)
WO (1) WO2007101799A2 (fr)

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DE102009005031A1 (de) 2009-01-17 2010-07-22 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Isoelastische, bioverträgliche Implantatwerkstoffe
DE102011008554A1 (de) 2011-01-13 2012-07-19 Sören Grießbach Verfahren zur Herstellung von anorganisch, nichtmetallischen (keramischen) gefüllten Metallverbundwerkstoffen
US9068476B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2015-06-30 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Hybrid metal/composite link rod for turbofan gas turbine engine
EP3071800B1 (fr) 2013-10-23 2019-11-27 United Technologies Corporation Amortisseur à mousse nanocellulaire
CN106544539A (zh) * 2015-09-16 2017-03-29 弘大科技（北京）股份公司 一种气凝胶-金属复合材料及其制备方法和应用
WO2017075554A1 (fr) 2015-10-29 2017-05-04 Golfetto Michael Procédés de lyophilisation et matériaux composites
CN107099692A (zh) * 2016-02-20 2017-08-29 金承黎 一种纤维增强气凝胶-金属复合材料及其制备方法
CN106756312A (zh) * 2017-01-26 2017-05-31 苏州思创源博电子科技有限公司 一种铝基刹车盘复合材料的制备方法
US11938545B2 (en) 2017-06-23 2024-03-26 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc Ultralight conductive metallic aerogels
CN108466706B (zh) * 2018-03-29 2020-02-18 北京卫星环境工程研究所 气凝胶组装的开孔泡沫结构空间碎片捕获装置
CN109628801A (zh) * 2019-02-01 2019-04-16 北京弘微纳金科技有限公司 碳化硅气凝胶增强型铝基复合材料及其熔铸成型制备方法
CN111979453A (zh) * 2019-05-23 2020-11-24 北京弘微纳金科技有限公司 一种高强高导铝基复合材料及其制备方法
JP2022515532A (ja) * 2018-12-26 2022-02-18 北京弘微納金科技有限公司 エアロゲル強化金属基複合材料およびその製造方法と応用
CN109702221A (zh) * 2019-02-01 2019-05-03 北京弘微纳金科技有限公司 一种二氧化硅气凝胶负载铜复合材料的制备方法
CN111378863B (zh) * 2018-12-27 2021-09-03 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 一种二氧化硅气凝胶增强铜基复合材料及其制备方法
CN110317977B (zh) * 2019-01-17 2021-04-20 杭州电缆股份有限公司 一种石墨烯气凝胶铝复合材料的制备方法
CN116174709B (zh) * 2023-03-07 2025-09-05 厦门大学 一种轻质金属基复合材料及其制备方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006009917B4 (de) 2014-04-10
WO2007101799B1 (fr) 2008-04-24
DE102006009917A1 (de) 2008-01-17
US20090226700A1 (en) 2009-09-10
WO2007101799A2 (fr) 2007-09-13
ES2764075T3 (es) 2020-06-02
EP1991713A2 (fr) 2008-11-19
WO2007101799A3 (fr) 2008-03-13
MX2008011003A (es) 2008-11-06

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