EP1997113A2 - Résines d'adsorption de radionucléides - Google Patents

Résines d'adsorption de radionucléides

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Publication number
EP1997113A2
EP1997113A2 EP07711692A EP07711692A EP1997113A2 EP 1997113 A2 EP1997113 A2 EP 1997113A2 EP 07711692 A EP07711692 A EP 07711692A EP 07711692 A EP07711692 A EP 07711692A EP 1997113 A2 EP1997113 A2 EP 1997113A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
monodisperse
exchangers
resin
water
macroporous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07711692A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Burkhard Brings
Reinhold Klipper
Wolfgang Wambach
Wolfgang Podszun
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lanxess Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Lanxess Deutschland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lanxess Deutschland GmbH filed Critical Lanxess Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP1997113A2 publication Critical patent/EP1997113A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/12—Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
    • G21C19/42—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel
    • G21C19/44—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel of irradiated solid fuel
    • G21C19/46—Aqueous processes, e.g. by using organic extraction means, including the regeneration of these means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a process for the adsorption of radionuclides from waters or aqueous solutions, as obtained for example in Kemanlagen, preferably nuclear power plants, by contacting the water to be treated or the aqueous solutions with monodisperse, macroporous ion exchangers.
  • US Re. 34,112 describes the reduction of colloidally dissolved iron in the condensate water of a nuclear reactor by contacting it with a mixed bed ion exchange resin, wherein the cationic resin has a so-called core / shell morphology and the anionic resin is prepared from gel-like bead polymers having a core / shell structure.
  • US Pat. No. 5,449,462 discloses a process for the use of phosphorous acid-based microporous or macroporous ion exchangers prepared from a sulfonated copolymer of acrylonitrile, styrene and / or divinylbenzene with diphosphonic acid groups, which is suitable for the sorption of radioisotopes, in particular actinide metal ions in the oxidation states III, IV and VI and of transition and transition metals, from highly acidic and highly basic waste solutions is used.
  • the copolymer beads have diameters between 100 ⁇ and 300 ⁇ and are used in addition to conventional heavy metals for the adsorption of actinides Th, U, Pu and Am.
  • the resins Bio-Rad ® AG are used, for example, MP 50, Diphonix ®, CHELITE ® N or CHELITE ® P.
  • From US-5,308,876 is an ion exchanger having a regenerable cation exchange resin (the H-form) and a regenerable anion exchange resin (the OH-form), which are particulate organic polymeric adsorbents for adsorbing and removing suspended impurities in the trace amounts treating water are present and mainly consist of metal oxides, known
  • the two resins comprise particles of exactly spherical shape with a diameter of 0.2-1.2 mm,
  • the cation exchange resin has an effective specific surface area of 0.02 - 0.20 m 2 per gram of the dry resin and the anion exchange resin has an effective specific surface area of 0.02-0.10 m 2 per gram of dry resin, and the effective specific Surface is measured based on the amount of adsorbed krypton and / or a krypton equivalent gas, the surface layer of the cation exchange resin has a structure in which interconnected grain particles of 0.1 - 1.0 ⁇ m in size are visible when viewed under a scanning electron microscope in whose field of view the magnification is in a range of 50 to 200,000, preferably 1,000 to 10,000,
  • the cation exchange resin has a honeycombed or scale-like surface structure with grooves in the surface, the individual honeycombs or flakes each having an area of 1-50 ⁇ m 2 and agglomerated together to form an irregular surface structure and morphological arrangement, the surface being such that the individual Honeycomb and / or scales over grooves with a width of 0.1
  • the grooves have an overall length of 100-1000 mm / mm 2 ,
  • the cation exchange resin has a double structure in which a skin layer is present to a depth of at least 0.1-10 ⁇ m from the surface,
  • the cation exchange resin has a surface pH (concentration of
  • Hydrogen ions on the solid surface of 1.50-1.90 in the wet state
  • the anion exchange resin has a surface pH of 11.50-13.80 in the wet state
  • the cation exchange resin has an electrokinetic potential at the interface (zeta potential) of -20 to -40 mV in a pulverulent powder obtained by pulverization
  • the anion exchange resin has an electrokinetic potential at the interface of +20 to +45 mV in a powdery state obtained by pulverization.
  • A is a linear Ci. 2 -alkylene group
  • B is a linear C ⁇ g-alkylene group
  • each of Ri, R 2 and R 3 which may be the same or different, is one or a C 2 - alkanol group
  • X is a counterion coordinated to the ammonium group
  • the benzene ring D may have an alkyl group or a halogen atom as a substituent.
  • US 5 896 433 discloses a method for preventing the deposition of radioactive corrosion products in nuclear power plants of the boiling water reactor type comprising a reactor with a reactor core in which deposits on surfaces outside the reactor core take place in direct or indirect contact with the reactor water, characterized by the following steps:
  • the water causes the separation of small amounts of material of various components with which it comes into contact.
  • a large part of these components consists of stainless steel, from which iron, nickel and small amounts of cobalt dissolve in the form of ions and particles.
  • valves containing cobalt which increase the amount of cobalt deposited.
  • the metals that have thus entered the reactor water and the feed water are deposited as oxides, so-called "crud", on surfaces in a circle.
  • the Crud coating on the surfaces consists of various types of metal oxides, and these are exposed to strong neutron radiation as they are on nuclear fuel cladding, for example.
  • the metal atoms in the Crud coating are converted into nuclides, part of which is radioactive. Particles fall off and ions separate from the radioactive crud coating, thus entering the water.
  • the particles and ions are transported together with the reactor water to parts that lie outside the core, where they carry radioactive material to these parts.
  • the radioactive particles and ions then deposit as a secondarily deposited Crud coating on surfaces outside the core. As a result, a radioactive Crud coating also emerges outside the core, and it is this Crud coating that causes personnel to be exposed to radioactive radiation during maintenance and repair work.
  • the object of the present invention was to remove the radionuclides generated by nuclear fission as quickly and effectively as possible from the primary cooling water circuit of a nuclear power plant to the emergence of secondary nuclides or their accompanying substances as described in the prior art discussed above, for example the Crud or various colloids, prevent or at least significantly reduce it from the outset.
  • the solution to this problem and thus the subject of the present invention is a method for adsorbing radionuclides from waters or aqueous solutions of nuclear plants, preferably nuclear power plants, nuclear enrichment plants, nuclear treatment plants but also medical facilities, by contacting the water to be treated or aqueous solutions with monodisperse macroporous ion exchangers ,
  • the monodisperse macroporous ion exchangers to be used according to the invention can be used for this purpose in all areas where radionuclides occur.
  • radioactive raw materials for example for the purification of wastewater from bismuth or uranium production, for cleaning waters in nuclear power plants, reprocessing, nuclear enrichment plants or medical facilities, particularly preferably for the purification of water in so-called Abklingbecken or water or so-called “heavy waters” in primary circuits of nuclear power plants or in their purification cycles.
  • Monodisperse macroporous ion exchangers which are preferably used according to the invention are strongly basic anion exchangers, medium-basic anion exchangers, weakly basic anion exchangers, strong acids. Cation exchangers, weakly acidic cation exchangers or so-called chelating resins.
  • the preparation of monodisperse, macroporous ion exchangers is known in principle to a person skilled in the art. In addition to the fractionation of heterodisperse ion exchangers, essentially two direct production processes are distinguished by thinning or jetting and the seed feed process in the preparation of the precursors, the monodisperse polymer beads in the case of the seed feed. Method is a monodisperse feed used, which in turn can be produced for example by sieving or by jetting Verdusungs vide are preferred
  • Monodisperse in the present application such Perlpolyme ⁇ sate or ion exchangers are referred to, in which the coefficient of equality of the distribution curve is less than or equal to 1.2 as equality coefficient is the quotient of the d60 and dlO large D60 describes the diameter at which 60% by mass in the distribution curve are smaller and 40 mass% greater or equal DlO denote the diameter at which 10 mass% m of the distribution curve are smaller and 90 mass% greater or equal
  • the particle size of the monodisperse macroporous ion exchangers is generally from 250 to 1250 ⁇ m. It has now been found that a particularly efficient removal of the crud takes place when monodisperse macroporous ion exchangers with particle sizes of from 300 to 650 ⁇ m, preferably from 350 to 550 ⁇ m are used
  • the monodisperse Perlpolyme ⁇ sat can be prepared by monodisperse, optionally encapsulated monomer droplets consisting of monovmylaromatic compound, a polyvinyl aromatic compound and an initiator or initiator mixture and optionally a porogen in wass ⁇ ger suspension brings to the reaction To makroporose Perlpolyme ⁇ sate for
  • microencapsulated monomer droplets are used for the synthesis of the monodisperse macroporous bead polymer.
  • Suitable porogens for the preparation of the bead polymers according to the invention are, above all, organic substances which dissolve in the monomer but dissolve or swell the polymer poorly. Examples are aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as octane, isooctane, decane, isododecane. Also very suitable are alcohols having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, such as butanol, hexanol and octanol.
  • the monodisperse ion exchangers to be used according to the invention have a macroporous structure.
  • the term "macroporous" is known to those skilled in the art, details of which are described, for example, in JR Miliar et al., J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 218.
  • the macroporous ion exchangers have a pore volume of 0.1 to 2.2 ml / g as determined by mercury porosimetry. preferably from 0.4 to 1.8 ml / g.
  • EP-A 1078690 describes a process for the preparation of monodisperse ion exchangers with chelating functional groups by the so-called phthalimide process by
  • the monodisperse, macroporous chelate exchangers prepared according to EP-A 1078690 carry the chelating groups which form during process step d)
  • Ri is hydrogen or a radical CH 2 -COOH or CH 2 P (O) (OH) 2
  • R 2 is a radical CH 2 COOH or CH 2 P (O) (OH) 2 and n stands for an integer between 1 and 4.
  • such chelating resins are referred to as resins having iminodiacetic acid groups or with aminomethylphosphonic acid groups.
  • thiourea groups can be present in the chelate exchanger.
  • the synthesis of monodisperse, macroporous chelate exchangers with thiourea groups is known to the person skilled in the art from US Pat. No. 6,323,435, in which aminomethylated monodisperse bead polymers are reacted with thiourea.
  • By reacting chloromethylated monodisperse polymers with thiourea it is also possible to obtain monodisperse chelate exchangers with thiourea groups.
  • Monodisperse, macroporous chelate exchangers with SH groups (mercapto groups) are also suitable for the adsorption of radionuclides in the context of the present invention. These resins are readily accessible by hydrolysis of the latter chelating thiourea group exchangers.
  • WO 2005/049190 describes the synthesis of monodisperse chelate resins containing both carboxyl groups and - (CH 2 ) m NRiR 2 -
  • Groups contain by reacting monomer droplets from a mixture of a monovinylaromatic compound, a polyvinyl aromatic compound, a (meth) acrylic compound, an initiator or an initiator combination and optionally a porogen to a crosslinked bead polymer, the resulting bead polymer with chelating
  • n 1 to 4
  • R 1 is hydrogen or a radical CH 2 -COOR 3 or CH 2 P (O) (OR 3) 2 or -CH 2 -S-CH 2 COOR 3 or -CH 2 -S-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or -CH 2 -S-CH 2 CH (NH 2 ) COOR 3 or or its
  • R 2 is a radical CH 2 COOR 3 or CH 2 P (O) (OR 3 ) 2 or -CH 2 -S-CH 2 COOR 3 or -CH 2 -SC 1 C 4 -OIlCyI or -CH 2 -S- CH 2 CH (NH 2 ) COOR 3 or
  • R 3 is H or Na or K.
  • Monodisperse, macroporous chelating resins with picolinamino groups known from DE-A 10 2006 00 49 535, can also be used for the adsorption of radionuclides. These are available through
  • monodisperse, macroporous, strongly basic anion exchangers The preparation of monodisperse, macroporous, strongly basic anion exchangers is known to the person skilled in the art. These anion exchangers can be prepared by amidomethylation of crosslinked monodisperse macroporous styrene polymers and subsequent quaternization of the resulting aminomethylate. Another synthesis route for monodisperse, macroporous, strongly basic anion exchangers is the chloromethylation of the abovementioned bead polymers with subsequent amination, for example with trimethylamine or dimethylaminoethanol. Monodisperse, macroporous, strongly basic anion exchangers preferred according to the invention can be obtained by the process described in EP 1 078 688.
  • Monodisperse, macroporous, weakly basic anion exchangers can be obtained by alkylation of the above-described aminomethylate. By partial alkylation, the monodisperse, macroporous, weakly basic anion exchangers can be converted into monodisperse, macroporous, medium-basic anion exchangers. The preparation of these anion exchanger types is also described in EP 1 078 688.
  • Monodisperse, macroporous, weakly basic or strongly basic acrylic-type anion exchangers are also suitable. They can be prepared, for example, according to EP 1 323 473.
  • Macroporous, monodisperse, weakly acidic cation exchangers which are suitable for the process according to the invention are described in POOI 00082
  • the monodisperse bead polymers can also be converted by methods known in the art for the conversion of crosslinked addition polymers of mono- and polyethylenically unsaturated monomers into anion or cation exchange beads.
  • the beads are advantageously haloalkylated, preferably halomethylated, most preferably chloromethylated, and the ion-active exchange groups subsequently attached to the haloalkylated copolymer.
  • the haloalkylation reaction consists of swelling the crosslinked addition copolymer with a haloalkylating agent, preferably bromomethyl methyl ether, chloromethyl ether or a mixture of formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, most preferably chloromethyl methyl ether, and then reacting the copoplymer and the haloalkylating agent in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst.
  • a Friedel-Crafts catalyst such as zinc chloride, ferric chloride and aluminum chloride.
  • the monodisperse macroporous ion exchangers are prepared from haloalkylated beads by contacting these beads with a compound that reacts with the haloalkyl group halide to form an active ion exchange group upon reaction.
  • ion exchange resins ie weakly basic resins and strong basic monodisperse, macroporous anion exchangers
  • a weakly basic monodisperse macroporous anion exchange resin is prepared by contacting the haloalkylated copolymer with ammonia, a primary amine or a secondary amine.
  • Representative primary or secondary amines include methylamine, ethylamine, butylamine, cyclohexylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine and the like.
  • Strong monodisperse monocrystalline ion exchange resins are prepared by the use of tertiary amines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, dimethylisopropanolamine, ethylmethylpropylamine or the like as aminating agents.
  • Amination generally involves heating a mixture of the haloalkylated copolymer beads and at least a stoichiometric amount of the aminating agent, ie ammonia or amine, to a temperature sufficient to react the aminating agent with the halogen atom attached to the carbon atom in the alpha position to the aromatic core of the polymer sits. It is advantageous to use, if appropriate, a swelling agent such as water, ethanol, methanol, methylene chloride, ethylene dichloride, dimethoxymethylene or combinations thereof. Normally, the amination is carried out under conditions such that the anion exchange sites are evenly distributed throughout the bead. A substantially complete amination is generally obtained within about 2 to about 24 hours at a reaction temperature between 25 and about 150 ° C.
  • the aminating agent ie ammonia or amine
  • Monodisperse, macroporous cation exchange resin beads can be prepared by methods known in the art for converting the crosslinked addition copolymer of mono- and polyethylenically unsaturated monomers. Examples of such processes for preparing a monodisperse, cationic, macroporous, cation-elastic resin are US 4,444,961. Generally, the ion-exchange resins useful in the invention are highly acidic, monodisperse, macroporous resins prepared by sulfonating the copolymer beads.
  • sulfonation generally can be carried out neat, the bead is swollen using any suitable swelling agent and the swollen bead is reacted with the sulfonating agent such as sulfuric or chlorosuccinic acid or sulfur trioxide.
  • the sulfonating agent such as sulfuric or chlorosuccinic acid or sulfur trioxide.
  • an excess amount of sulfonating agent for example, from about 2 to about 7 times the weight of the copolymer bead is used.
  • the sulfonation is carried out at a temperature of about 0 ° C to about 15O 0 C.
  • crosslinking agent eg, divinylbenzene
  • a method of expressing the degree of crosslinking reflects this fact , used.
  • a toluene swelling test is useful for determining the "effective" crosslink density, such as given in Example 1 of USRE 34,112.
  • the mixed bed exchanger can normally be reactivated several times by stirring the bed. Due to the sensitive location of use, the ion exchange bed is not normally regenerated in the sense that normal ion exchangers, i. through the use of strong acids and bases. Instead, the depleted resin with the collected radionuclides and any additional radiant matter is normally solidified, collected, and disposed of like other lightly-contaminated nuclear reactor waste.
  • the effluents from the bed can be monitored with standard equipment such as low scintillation gauges and radionuclide-specific analytical methods to observe when a breakthrough occurs, at which point the necessary steps can be taken to reactivate the bed or the resin used to collect and dispose of.
  • the monodisperse, macroporous resins are exceptionally tough and break-resistant, the production of "fines" is minimized, further improving the performance and durability of the resin bed.
  • Standard methods of sizing the resins to remove any fines generated when transporting and handling the resins may, of course, be used when loading the equipment for the first time to maximize the performance of the mixed bed ion exchanger.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to effectively adsorb radionuclides, especially those obtained in nuclear installations, from water or aqueous solutions.
  • Radionuclide is a collective term for all nuclides, which stand out by radioactivity of stable nuclides and by possibly multiple radioactive transformations into stable Ignore nuclides. They may be of natural origin (eg 40 K or the members of the 3 large decay series) or artificially generated by nuclear reactions (eg transuranium).
  • Radionuclides are for example 210 Po, 220 Rn, 226 Ra, 235 U 3 238 U. They decompose under ⁇ - or ßT ⁇ mission; As a concomitant ⁇ quanta are often emitted (eg at 226 Ra), whose energy is also several MeV or keV.
  • ⁇ quanta are often emitted (eg at 226 Ra), whose energy is also several MeV or keV.
  • the artificially generated radionuclides such as those incurred in nuclear installations. Not too short-lived radionuclides occur in the nuclear fission of uranium in reactors when working up spent fuel eg after the Purex process.
  • fission products 85 Kr, 137 Cs, 89 Sr, 90 Sr, 140 Ba, 95 Zr, 99 Mo, 106 Ru, 144 Ce, 147 Nd, which in turn are mother nuclides of other daughter products mostly formed by beta decay.
  • the nuclear reaction produces further (from ambient nuclides) radionuclides in the nuclear reactor, such as 31 P, 32 P, 59 Co, 60 Co, 197 Au or 198 Au.
  • radionuclides mentioned can be isolated by the process according to the invention from waters or aqueous solutions by means of the monodisperse macroporous ion exchangers.
  • radionuclides such as are used in particular in medicine can be absorbed, preferably 131 In, 99m Tc, 64 Cu, 197 Hg, 198 Au, 131 J to 142 J, 59 Fe.
  • the present invention therefore also relates to the use of monodisperse, macroporous ion exchangers for the adsorption of radionuclides from waters or aqueous solutions, preferably 210 Po, 220 Ru, 226 Ra, 232 Th, 235 U, 238 U, 85 Kr, 137 Cs, 89 Sr , 90 Sr, 140 Ba, 95 Zr, 99 Mo, 106 Ru, 144 Ce, 147 Nd, 31 P, 32 P, 59 Co, 60 Co, 197 Au, 198 Au, 131 In, 99 Tc, 64 Cu, 197 Hg, 131 J to 142 J, 59 Fe, 40 K, 24 Na.
  • the total surface area of all beads over which the adsorption takes place is as large as possible. This is best ensured with monodisperse, macroporous ion exchangers of small bead diameter, since the monodispersity means that the diffusion paths of the radionuclides into the beads are the same length, Furthermore, the total surface area is increased by beaded diamonds and the adsorption is promoted by the macroporosity.
  • 100 beads are viewed under the microscope. The number of beads that show cracks or show chipping is determined. The number of perfect pearls is the difference between the number of damaged pearls and 100.
  • the amount of CaO represents the usable capacity of the resin in units of grams of CaO per liter of anion exchanger.
  • the resin is washed with demineralized water and rinsed in a beaker. It is mixed with 100 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid and allowed to stand for 30 minutes. The entire suspension is rinsed in a glass column. Another 100 ml of hydrochloric acid are filtered through the resin. The resin is washed with methanol. The effluent is made up to 1000 ml with demineralized water. About 50 ml of this are titrated with 1 N sodium hydroxide solution.
  • the amount of strongly basic groups is equal to the sum of NaNO3 number and HCl number.
  • the amount of weakly basic groups is equal to the HCl number.
  • Total capacity (TK) (X • 25 - ⁇ V) • 2 10 "2 in mol / l exchanger.
  • ⁇ V total consumption in ml of In hydrochloric acid in the titration of the processes.
  • a mixture of 3200 g of microencapsulated monomer droplets with a narrow particle size distribution of 3.6% by weight of divinylbenzene and 0.9% by weight of ethylstyrene (used as a commercially available isomer mixture of divinylbenzene and ethylstyrene with 80% divinylbenzene), 0, 5 wt .-% dibenzoyl peroxide, 56.2 wt .-% of styrene and 38.8 wt .-% isododecane (technical mixture of isomers with high pentamethylheptane content), wherein the microcapsule of a formaldehyde-cured complex coacervate of gelatin and a copolymer of Acrylamide and acrylic acid, and added 3200 g of aqueous phase with a pH of 12.
  • the mean particle size of the monomer droplets is 260 ⁇ m.
  • the mixture is polymerized while stirring by increasing the temperature according to a temperature program at 25 0 C and ending at 95 ° C.
  • the mixture is cooled, washed through a 32 micron sieve and then dried in vacuo at 80 0 C. This gives 1893 g of a spherical polymer having an average particle size of 250 microns, narrow particle size distribution and smooth surface.
  • the polymer is chalky white in the view and has a bulk density of about 350 g / l.
  • the resulting bead polymer is washed with demineralized water.
  • the total surface area of all pearls contained in a m3 chelate resin is 6521739 m2.
  • the total surface area of all beads contained in a m3 cation exchanger is 5984042 m2.
  • the mixture is heated to 40 0 C and stirred for 16 hours at this temperature. After cooling, the resin is first washed with water. The resin is transferred to a column and from above 3000 ml 5 wt. % aqueous sodium chloride solution over 30 minutes filtered.
  • the resin is washed with water and classified.
  • Average bead diameter 380 ⁇
  • the total surface area of all beads contained in a m3 strongly basic anion exchanger is 5921052 m2.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé d'adsorption de radionucléides présents dans des eaux ou des solutions aqueuses telles que celles produites par des installations nucléaires, par mise en contact desdites eaux ou solutions aqueuses à traiter avec des échangeurs d'ions monodispersés macroporeux.
EP07711692A 2006-03-09 2007-02-27 Résines d'adsorption de radionucléides Withdrawn EP1997113A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610011316 DE102006011316A1 (de) 2006-03-09 2006-03-09 Radionuklidharze
PCT/EP2007/001676 WO2007101584A2 (fr) 2006-03-09 2007-02-27 Résines d'adsorption de radionucléides

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1997113A2 true EP1997113A2 (fr) 2008-12-03

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EP07711692A Withdrawn EP1997113A2 (fr) 2006-03-09 2007-02-27 Résines d'adsorption de radionucléides

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20090218289A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1997113A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006011316A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20084176L (fr)
WO (1) WO2007101584A2 (fr)

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CN102059096B (zh) * 2010-11-26 2013-05-15 昆明理工大学 无纺布表面共价键合明胶吸附材料及其制备方法
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US9589690B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2017-03-07 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Light water reactor primary coolant activity cleanup
CN104418400B (zh) * 2013-08-20 2017-02-08 天津大学 铁基纳米合金及其在吸附铯中的应用
US10770191B2 (en) * 2014-04-30 2020-09-08 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc Systems and methods for reducing surface deposition and contamination
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DE102006011316A1 (de) 2007-09-13
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US20090218289A1 (en) 2009-09-03
WO2007101584A3 (fr) 2007-11-01

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