EP2008311A2 - Cellules solaires multijonctions équipées d'un système homogénéisateur et d'un concentrateur de lumière couplé sans mise en image - Google Patents

Cellules solaires multijonctions équipées d'un système homogénéisateur et d'un concentrateur de lumière couplé sans mise en image

Info

Publication number
EP2008311A2
EP2008311A2 EP07758185A EP07758185A EP2008311A2 EP 2008311 A2 EP2008311 A2 EP 2008311A2 EP 07758185 A EP07758185 A EP 07758185A EP 07758185 A EP07758185 A EP 07758185A EP 2008311 A2 EP2008311 A2 EP 2008311A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
primary
segments
reflective
onto
concentrator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07758185A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Pablo Benitez
Roland Winston
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of California
University of California Berkeley
University of California San Diego UCSD
Original Assignee
University of California
University of California Berkeley
University of California San Diego UCSD
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of California, University of California Berkeley, University of California San Diego UCSD filed Critical University of California
Publication of EP2008311A2 publication Critical patent/EP2008311A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0038—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
    • G02B19/0042—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to optical concentrator systems and methods utilizing solar cells for collecting the concentrated light energy, and more particularly to optical concentrator systems and methods incorporating homogenizer elements.
  • the optics is imaging the plane at infinity onto the plane of the target, where the cell is placed, and thus the sun is imaged on the cell.
  • the angular acceptance of the two mirror aplanatic concentrator is several times (for instance, 3) greater than the angular size of the sun to allow for tolerances.
  • a Kohler integrator system is used as a photovoltaic concentrator.
  • the Kohler integrator consists of two imaging optical elements (primary and secondary) with positive focal length (i.e., producing a real image of an object at infinity).
  • the secondary is placed at the focal plane of the primary, and the secondary images the primary on the cell.
  • the photovoltaic Kohler concentrator is composed by a Fresnel lens 20 as primary and a single-surface imaging lens 21 as secondary that encapsulates the cell 22, as illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the primary images the sun on the secondary aperture 23.
  • the irradiance distribution on the cell is also uniform, and it will remain unchanged when the sun moves within the acceptance angle (equivalently when the sun image 24 moves within the secondary aperture).
  • the concentration-acceptance angle product that can be attained with this configuration is very limited, because numerical aperture on the cell is small. Additionally, the system is necessarily not compact because the optics used are refractive and includes a single Kohler integration element.
  • the present invention provides systems and methods for concentrating light from a distant source, such as the sun, onto a target device, such as a solar cell.
  • a distant source such as the sun
  • a target device such as a solar cell.
  • Light impinging from the distant source is focused or imaged by a plurality of radially symmetric primary reflective segments of a primary mirror element onto a plurality of corresponding radially symmetric secondary reflective segments.
  • the secondary mirror segments image the corresponding primary segments onto an exit aperture such that the exit aperture is uniformly illuminated.
  • a target cell may be located proximal to the exit aperture, or an entry aperture of a non-imaging concentrator may be positioned proximal the exit aperture, wherein the concentrator concentrates the reflected light onto the target cell.
  • An aplanatic optical imaging system includes a Kohler homogenizer primary and secondary mirror subsystem that directs and concentrates illumination to a solar cell positioned proximal an exit aperture such that uniform irradiance conditions are achieved for high intensity light concentration onto the solar cell.
  • aplanatic generally refers to the condition of freedom from spherical aberration and coma.
  • aplanatic optics or “aplanatic optical system” or similar phrases generally refer to optical elements or systems that correct for, or are substantially free from, spherical aberration or coma.
  • a non-imaging light concentrator, or flux booster is efficiently coupled to the primary and secondary mirrors.
  • a variety of Kohler homogenizer and planar optical systems formed by two mirrors can provide the necessary components to deliver light to a multi -junction solar cell or other solar cell.
  • radial symmetric mirror segments on both primary and secondary mirrors are pair-wise correlated so that a segment on the primary images the field of view onto the corresponding secondary segment, while the secondary segment in turn, images the primary segment on the target.
  • a secondary mirror is co- planar with the entrance aperture, and the exit aperture is co-planar with the vertex of the primary mirror.
  • the inter-mirror space is filled with a dielectric with index of refraction, n, such that the numerical aperture ("NA") is increased by a factor of n.
  • a non-imaging light concentrator is disposed at the exit aperture of the primary mirror.
  • TIR total internal reflection
  • the non-imaging concentrator is a flow line concentrator or a tailored non-imaging concentrator.
  • an optical device typically comprises an aplanatic optical imaging system including a segmented primary reflective element defining an entrance aperture and having a plurality of aspherical primary reflective segments, and a segmented secondary reflective element having a plurality of aspherical secondary reflective segments.
  • the primary and secondary reflective segments are pair- wise correlated so that a primary reflective segment images a field of view onto a corresponding secondary reflective segment, and the secondary reflective segment images the corresponding primary segment onto an exit aperture.
  • the device typically includes a target element positioned proximal to a vertex of the primary reflective element.
  • One type of target element is a solar cell.
  • the primary reflective segments have a substantially parabolic reflecting surface and the secondary reflective segments have a substantially elliptical reflecting surface.
  • the primary reflective segments forming the primary reflective element include slope discontinuities where they meet such that the second derivative of the primary reflective element surface is discontinuous, and the secondary reflective segments forming the secondary reflective element include slope discontinuities where they meet such that the second derivative of the secondary reflective element surface is discontinuous.
  • an optical device typically includes an aplanatic optical imaging system that includes a segmented primary reflective element defining an entrance aperture and having a plurality of primary reflective segments, and a segmented secondary reflective element having a plurality of secondary reflective segments.
  • the device also typically includes a target element positioned proximal to an exit aperture.
  • the primary and secondary reflective segments are pair-wise correlated so that light impinging on a primary reflective segment is focused onto a corresponding secondary reflective segment, and the secondary reflective segment images the corresponding primary segment onto the exit aperture such that the target element is substantially uniformly illuminated.
  • the primary reflective segments and the secondary reflective segments are aspherical.
  • the target element includes a solar cell.
  • the device further includes a non-imaging concentrator having an entrance aperture disposed proximal to the exit aperture.
  • the primary reflective segments forming the primary reflective element include slope discontinuities where they meet such that the second derivative of the primary reflective element surface is discontinuous
  • the secondary reflective segments forming the secondary reflective element include slope discontinuities where they meet such that the second derivative of the secondary reflective element surface is discontinuous.
  • a method for concentrating light onto a solar cell.
  • the method typically includes positioning an aplanatic optical imaging device to receive incident light from a light source, where the device typically includes a segmented primary reflective element having a plurality of primary reflective segments, and a segmented secondary reflective element having a plurality of corresponding secondary reflective segments.
  • the method also typically includes reflecting incident light by the primary mirror segment s onto corresponding secondary mirror segments, and reflecting the reflected light by the secondary mirror segments onto a target cell, wherein the target cell is substantially uniformly illuminated by the incident light.
  • the device further includes a non-imaging concentrator position proximal to the target cell, and the method further typically includes concentrating the incident light reflected by the secondary mirror segments onto the target cell.
  • the light source is the sun, and the method further typically includes repositioning the device so as to track the motion of the sun such that incident light from the sun is received within an acceptance angle of the device.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a solid-dielectric aplanatic two mirror design disclosed in prior art
  • Figure 2 illustrates a photovoltaic Kohler concentrator disclosed in prior art
  • Figure 3 illustrates a solid dielectric two-mirror Kohler radial homogenizer optical system according to one embodiment
  • Figure 4 illustrates a 3-dimensional (3D) view of the two-mirror Kohler radial homogenizer optical system of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 illustrates the operation of a two-mirror Kohler radial homogenizer optical system when the sun is off-center but still within the design acceptance angle according to one embodiment
  • Figure 6 illustrates a non-imaging concentrator added to the two-mirror Kohler radial homogenizer optical system to increase the concentration ratio of the acceptance angle according to one embodiment
  • Figure 7 illustrates a two-mirror Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes of different refractive indices according to one embodiment
  • Figure 8 illustrates a Kohler homogenizer optical system that includes volumes of different refractive indices, and where Kohler homogenization is performed between the two surfaces of the front top dielectric cover according to one embodiment
  • Figure 9 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes of different refractive indices, and where Kohler radial homogenization is performed between the entry surface and the primary mirror according to one embodiment
  • Figure 10 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes of different refractive indices, and where Kohler radial homogenization is performed between the entry surface and the secondary mirror according to one embodiment
  • Figure 11 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes of different refractive indices, and where Kohler radial homogenization is performed between the entry surface and the exit surface according to one embodiment
  • Figure 12 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes of different refractive indices, and where Kohler radial homogenization is performed between the inner surface of the top cover and the primary mirror according to one embodiment
  • Figure 13 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes of different refractive indices, and where Kohler radial homogenization is performed between the inner surface of the top cover and the secondary mirror according to one embodiment
  • Figure 14 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes of different refractive indices, and where Kohler radial homogenization is performed between the inner surface of the top cover and the exit surface according to one embodiment
  • Figure 15 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes of different refractive indices, and where Kohler radial homogenization is performed between the primary mirror and the exit surface according to one embodiment
  • Figure 16 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes of different refractive indices, and where Kohler radial homogenization is performed between the secondary mirror and the exit surface according to one embodiment
  • Figures 17A and 17B illustrate the shaping of the exit surface to improve the uniformity of the system when the sun is on axis according to one embodiment.
  • Figure 18a illustrates a perspective view of a specific optical system having segmented primary and secondary mirror segments.
  • Figure 18b shows an example of relative angular transmission as a function of incidence angle for the system of Figure 18a.
  • Figure 18c illustrates a plurality of systems mounted on multiple heat sinks.
  • the present invention provides optical imaging systems and methods using homogenizers to concentrate and uniformly irradiate a target cell.
  • a segmented secondary mirror 32 is substantially co-planar with the entrance aperture 30 of a primary mirror 31.
  • the entrance aperture 30 and the exit aperture 36 are substantially flat.
  • the segments on the primary Ia, 2a, etc. are essentially parabolic, with the focus of each at the associated mirror segment Ib, 2b, etc. on the secondary and vertical axis.
  • the secondary mirror segments Ib, 2b, etc. are essentially elliptic with foci at the locations of the associated primary mirror segment and the target 33. There is continuity in profile but discontinuity in slope in both the secondary and primary mirrors.
  • the target plane of the combination of the primary mirror 31 and the secondary mirror 32 resides at the target 33.
  • the target 33 includes a solar cell.
  • the optical system as shown in Figure 3 operates to receive and radially integrate incoming light from a distant source, e.g., the sun, and concentrate the light onto the target 33.
  • a target 22 may include a light source or an illumination element, in which case the optical system performs high collimation and radial integration of outgoing light. This reversibility applies to all embodiments disclosed herein.
  • the edges of a given segment of the secondary mirror are designed so that their images at infinity through the associated primary segment match the design acceptance angle.
  • the edges of a given segment of the primary are designed so that their images on the target through the associated secondary segment match the target size, e.g., cell size. Because the segments on the primary are uniformly illuminated, the illumination on the cell is also uniform in two dimensions.
  • the mirror segments can also be configured to optimize the global performance.
  • the focus position of the parabola or ellipses, and the parabola axis could be considered a parameter, and a multi-parameter optimization program can be used to optimize the acceptance angle of the entire system.
  • the parabola axis could be chosen to coincide with one of the edges of the acceptance angle and its focus placed at one of the edges of the associated secondary mirror, and also the ellipses can have their focus coinciding with the edges of the cell and of the associated primary mirrors.
  • FIG. 4 An example of a three-dimensional (3D) device is rotationally symmetric, as shown in Figure 4, so the segments of primary and secondary form rings or annulus structures. Because the Kohler integration is performed in the meridian cross-section, no uniformity is gained in the saggital direction. This means that if the acceptance angle is 3 times the solar disk, the local concentration is only 3 times the average. Therefore, for a 500 suns average concentration, the maximum local concentration on the cell is 1,500 (which is acceptable).
  • the irradiance pattern on each segment annulus of the secondary mirror is a thin ring centered on the segment with about 100-150 suns concentration, which is also acceptable for the mirror durability.
  • the sun is off-center, but still within the design acceptance angle, the irradiance thin ring on each segment annulus of the secondary is displaced; but it is still inside the segment. In the meridian cross-section, the sun images are thus displaced as shown in Figure 5. The maximum irradiance levels on the secondary and on the cell remain unchanged.
  • n is the relative refractive index at the interface and ⁇ is the refracted angle.
  • ⁇ is the refracted angle.
  • the effect is even smaller since the angular acceptance at that surface is very wide (close to ⁇ 90°) and since the dispersion of the relative refractive index ⁇ n is much smaller (assuming a limited cell illumination angle (up to about ⁇ 45°) since the concentrator dielectric material and the cell encapsulant have a more close variation with wavelength than that of the dielectric and air of the first refraction).
  • Equation (1) indicates some flexibility in design.
  • the dielectric/air interface (the entrance aperture 30) does not have to be strictly normal to the beam.
  • a modest inclination is allowable, just as long as chromatic effects, as determined by Equation (1) are kept reasonably bounded.
  • the entrance surface is not flat, the rays should be traced in the design.
  • the segments of the primary mirror element 31 are parabolas when the entrance surface is flat, when it is non-flat, its shape should be calculated to enable the impinging parallel rays, after the refraction on the non-flat aperture, to be focused on the associated secondary.
  • This calculation is called generalized Cartesian Oval, which in general solves the inverse problem of calculating the optical surface (reflective or refractive) that couples the rays normal to two given wavefronts.
  • the same considerations apply to the change of the exit surface from flat.
  • a hemispherical shape, for instance, could also be used.
  • the ⁇ 2 is chosen to satisfy a subsidiary condition, such as maintaining total internal reflection (TIR) on the non-imaging concentrator sides or limiting angles of irradiance onto a multi- junction cell.
  • TIR total internal reflection
  • the concentration or flux boost of the terminal stage approaches the fundamental limit of (sin ⁇ 2 /sin ⁇ i) 2 .
  • the non-imaging concentrator can be a known tailored non-imaging concentrator or a flow line concentrator.
  • planar all-dielectric optical system presented here embodies inexpensive high- performance forms that are capable of (a) concentrating the solar radiation with acceptable non-uniform irradiance levels, (b) incurring negligible chromatic aberration even at ultra-high concentration, (c) passive cooling of the cell, (d) accommodating liberal optical tolerances, (e) mass production with existing glass and polymeric molding techniques, and (f) high compactness.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a two-mirror Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that may be composed of volumes 70, 71, 72 and 73 of different refractive indices. If volume 72 is air and volumes 70 and 71 are the same dielectric material (so interface 702 does not exist), the device in Figure 7 reduces to that in Figure 3. The optical design of the device in Figure 7 is done in substantially the same way as described for the design of Figure 3.
  • volume 71 is air, in which the optical losses due to absorption in that medium are eliminated.
  • a flat cover 70 prevents dust from accumulation in the system and protects mirror elements from the external environment.
  • medium 73 is also air, the cell is not encapsulated, which increases the system optical efficiency since the Fresnel reflection on the interface 705 is eliminated.
  • a dielectric dense medium 73 such as silicone rubber.
  • the prescribed surface 705 of the encapsulating dielectric material will be considered in the design as a prescribed surface through which the rays are traced.
  • the encapsulating lens medium 73 can be made of glass or transparent plastic, and the cell coupled to it with a gel or a silicon rubber. In this case, an additional interface (without a specific optical function) will appear.
  • any other two surfaces of the five surfaces 701, 702, 703, 704 and 705 in Figure 7 could be designed. Therefore, nine alternative families of devices are illustrated in Figure 8 to Figure 16.
  • One skilled in the art will realize that other like configurations can be established using combinations and variations by employing the principals of the invention. For all these cases, the design can be performed in 4 steps according to one aspect:
  • step (2) Calculate the remaining two surfaces in 2D to make the coupling of two parallel input wavefronts defined by the acceptance angle into the two spherical exit wavefronts defined by the target edges.
  • the target and acceptance angle can be scaled down to converge to zero, and then the resulting two surfaces will be aplanatic (i.e., stigmatic and fulfilling the Abbe sine condition). If the calculated surfaces are not manufacturable, a new selection of the three prescribed surfaces in step (1) is performed,
  • Figure 8 illustrates a Kohler homogenizer optical system that includes volumes 80, 81, 82 and 83 of different refractive indices.
  • the Kohler homogenization is done between the two surfaces 801 and 802 of the front top dielectric cover 80.
  • the medium 82 is air and the lenses in cover 80 are top-down symmetric.
  • the Kohler homogenization can be only in the radial direction.
  • the Kohler homogenization can be done in both the radial and saggital directions using with rotational symmetric lens units in the lens array displaced either in a rectangular or hexagonal pattern. This embodiment would increase further the illumination homogeneity of the lens.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes 90, 91, 92 and 93 of different refractive indices.
  • Kohler radial homogenization is done between the entry surface 901 and the primary mirror 903.
  • the focal length and pitch of the lens and mirror segment decrease from the optical axis to the rim, due to the progressively smaller separation of the Kohler integrator pairs.
  • Figure 10 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes 100, 101, 102 and 103 of different refractive indices; the Kohler radial homogenization is done between the entry surface 1001 and the secondary mirror 1004.
  • material 101 is air and dielectric material materials 100 and 102 are equal (so interface 1002 does not exist), so that the optical system can be manufactured as a single piece.
  • Figure 11 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes 110, 111, 112 and 113 of different refractive indices.
  • the Kohler radial homogenization is done between the entry surface 1101 and the exit surface 1105.
  • the lens segments of exit surface 1105 are concave.
  • the lens segments of exit surface 1105 are convex.
  • Figure 12 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes 120, 121, 122 and 123 of different refractive indices; the Kohler radial homogenization is done between the inner surface 1202 of the top cover and the primary mirror 1203. Also in this case, the focal length and pitch of the lens and mirror segment will decrease from the optical axis to the rim, due to the progressively smaller separation of the Kohler integrator pairs (i.e., pair-wise correlated primary and secondary mirror segments).
  • Figure 13 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes 130, 131, 132 and 133 of different refractive indices; the Kohler radial homogenization is done between the inner surface of the top cover 1302 and the secondary mirror 1304.
  • material 1301 is air and dielectric material materials 1300 and 1302 are equal (so interface 1002 does not exist).
  • the optical system can advantageously be manufactured as a single piece.
  • Figure 14 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes 140, 141, 142 and 143 of different refractive indices; the Kohler radial homogenization is done between the inner surface of the top cover 1402 and the exit surface 1405.
  • material 141 is air and dielectric material materials 140 and 142 are equal (so interface 1402 does not exist).
  • the optical system can advantageously be manufactured as a single piece.
  • the lens segments of exit surface 1405 are concave.
  • the lens segments of exit surface 1405 are convex.
  • Figure 15 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes 150, 151, 152 and 153 of different refractive indices; the Kohler radial homogenization is done between the primary mirror 1503 and the exit surface 1505.
  • the material 152 is air
  • the lens segments of exit surface 1505 are concave.
  • the lens segments of exit surface 1505 are convex.
  • Figure 16 illustrates a Kohler radial homogenizer optical system that includes volumes 160, 161, 162 and 163 of different refractive indices; the Kohler radial homogenization is done between the secondary mirror 1604 and the exit surface 1605.
  • the material 162 is air
  • the lens segments of exit surface 1605 are concave.
  • the lens segments of exit surface 1605 are convex.
  • FIGS 17A and 17B illustrate the uniformity improvement of the exit surface profile by having a concavity 171 or a convexity 172 at the center when the cell side 173 has a higher or lower refractive index, respectively. This profiles cause the rays 174 going to the cell center to deflect when closer to the cell rim.
  • a cover made of, for example, glass or PMMA or other suitable material, is positioned to cover and protect the optical elements from the environment, e.g., dust or debris.
  • Figure 18a illustrates an embodiment including a cover. It will be appreciated that any of the various embodiments discussed herein could benefit from the use of a cover, especially where the internal volume is air.
  • a heat sink is provided on which to mount one or more optical systems.
  • Figure 18a illustrates a perspective view of a specific optical system having segmented primary and secondary mirror segments as described in the various embodiments above.
  • the specific system shown includes a primary segmented mirror element with silver coated reflecting surfaces and a secondary segmented mirror element with silver coated reflective surfaces.
  • a glass molded dome covers a multi-junction solar cell.
  • the optical system is mounted or attached to a heat sink.
  • the heat sink as shown is a U-beam structure or comb structure as is well known, however other structures may be used as desired.
  • the heat sink may also provide a platform on which to mount multiple systems.
  • the target cell may be attached directly to the heat sink, or a heat spreader (e.g., Aluminum Nitride) may be provided to couple the heat sink with the target and enhance heat dissipation from the cell to the heat sink.
  • a heat spreader e.g., Aluminum Nitride
  • a tracking system is provided to reposition the system(s) as needed to track the motion of the sun and maintain the light impinging on the system within a desirable acceptance angle.
  • Figure 18b shows an example of relative angular transmission as a function of incidence angle for the system of Figure 18a.
  • Figure 18c illustrates a plurality of systems mounted on multiple heat sinks. A tracking system coupled to servos and motors allows the array of optical systems shown in Figure 18c to track the motion of the sun..

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes optiques et des procédés qui concentrent la lumière provenant d'une source distante, telle que le soleil, sur un dispositif cible, tel qu'une cellule solaire. La lumière provenant de la source distante, est focalisée ou imagée par plusieurs segments primaires réfléchissants d'un élément de miroir primaire sur plusieurs segments secondaires réfléchissants correspondants. Les segments secondaires de miroir imagent des segments primaires correspondants sur une ouverture de sortie de sorte que cette ouverture soit éclairée de façon uniforme. Une cellule cible peut être placée à proximité de l'ouverture de sortie, ou une ouverture d'entrée d'un concentrateur sans mise en image peut être positionnée à proximité de l'ouverture de sortie, le concentrateur concentrant ainsi la lumière réfléchie sur la cellule cible.
EP07758185A 2006-03-08 2007-03-08 Cellules solaires multijonctions équipées d'un système homogénéisateur et d'un concentrateur de lumière couplé sans mise en image Withdrawn EP2008311A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US78052006P 2006-03-08 2006-03-08
PCT/US2007/063609 WO2007104028A2 (fr) 2006-03-08 2007-03-08 Cellules solaires multijonctions équipées d'un système homogénéisateur et d'un concentrateur de lumière couplé sans mise en image

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2008311A2 true EP2008311A2 (fr) 2008-12-31

Family

ID=38475842

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07758108A Withdrawn EP1997154A2 (fr) 2006-03-08 2007-03-07 Cellules solaires multijonctions équipées d'un système homogénéisateur et d'un concentrateur de lumière couplé sans mise en image
EP07758185A Withdrawn EP2008311A2 (fr) 2006-03-08 2007-03-08 Cellules solaires multijonctions équipées d'un système homogénéisateur et d'un concentrateur de lumière couplé sans mise en image

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07758108A Withdrawn EP1997154A2 (fr) 2006-03-08 2007-03-07 Cellules solaires multijonctions équipées d'un système homogénéisateur et d'un concentrateur de lumière couplé sans mise en image

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1997154A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009529791A (fr)
WO (2) WO2007103994A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8283554B2 (en) * 2005-12-19 2012-10-09 Corning Incorporated Method and apparatus for concentrating light
US7638438B2 (en) 2006-12-12 2009-12-29 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Solar cell fabrication using extrusion mask
US20090025789A1 (en) 2007-02-02 2009-01-29 Hing Wah Chan Alignment of optical element and solar cell
EP2359072A4 (fr) * 2008-11-18 2012-05-02 Light Prescriptions Innovators Concentrateur köhler
US8960120B2 (en) 2008-12-09 2015-02-24 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Micro-extrusion printhead with nozzle valves
US8866000B2 (en) * 2009-07-31 2014-10-21 Corey A. Weiss Ultra-efficient energy conversion device for converting light to electricity by rectifying surface plasmon polaritons
WO2011038450A1 (fr) * 2009-09-29 2011-04-07 Paul Andre Guignard Génération d'électricité solaire
WO2012058304A2 (fr) * 2010-10-28 2012-05-03 Banyan Energy, Inc. Éléments optiques de réorientation destinés à des systèmes de concentration et d'éclairage
US8040609B1 (en) 2010-11-29 2011-10-18 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Self-adjusting solar light transmission apparatus
GB2488113A (en) * 2011-02-14 2012-08-22 Geoffrey David Horn Apparatus for increasing the output power of solar cells
CN104205620A (zh) * 2012-03-30 2014-12-10 夏普株式会社 二次透镜、太阳能电池安装体、聚光型太阳能发电单元、聚光型太阳能发电装置以及聚光型太阳能发电模块
JP2013211487A (ja) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-10 Sharp Corp 二次レンズ、太陽電池実装体、集光型太陽光発電ユニット及び集光型太陽光発電モジュール
CN102768400B (zh) * 2012-08-07 2015-05-06 姜莹 无均光棒的反射太阳能聚光器
KR101437909B1 (ko) * 2012-10-29 2014-09-16 (주)애니캐스팅 캐리어 보호기능을 갖는 2차 광학 구성요소 및 이를 구비하는 집광형 태양전지모듈
JP2015099336A (ja) 2013-11-20 2015-05-28 株式会社東芝 光学素子および光学装置
CN103940591B (zh) * 2014-04-17 2016-08-24 湘电集团有限公司 一种碟式太阳能聚光器聚焦精度的检测装置
JP6670991B2 (ja) * 2015-03-23 2020-03-25 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 太陽電池
WO2021253038A1 (fr) * 2020-06-08 2021-12-16 Nativus, Inc. Concentrateur solaire
CN114527558A (zh) * 2022-02-14 2022-05-24 华北电力大学 一种考虑太阳张角的类球面反射聚光器

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5916242B2 (ja) * 1974-06-14 1984-04-14 工業技術院長 太陽放射エネルギ−用反射鏡
US4114592A (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-09-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Cylindrical radiant energy direction device with refractive medium
US4350412A (en) * 1980-04-07 1982-09-21 Georgia Tech Research Institute Fresnel spiral reflector and method for making same
GB8510706D0 (en) * 1985-04-26 1985-06-05 Marconi Co Ltd Solar cell arrays
US5153780A (en) * 1991-06-10 1992-10-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method and apparatus for uniformly concentrating solar flux for photovoltaic applications
JPH06342922A (ja) * 1993-05-31 1994-12-13 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd 反射型受光器
US5540216A (en) * 1994-11-21 1996-07-30 Rasmusson; James K. Apparatus and method for concentrating radiant energy emanated by a moving energy source
US6225551B1 (en) * 1999-09-02 2001-05-01 Midwest Research Institute Multi-facet concentrator of solar setup for irradiating the objects placed in a target plane with solar light
JP2002289900A (ja) * 2001-03-23 2002-10-04 Canon Inc 集光型太陽電池モジュール及び集光型太陽光発電システム
US6691701B1 (en) * 2001-08-10 2004-02-17 Karl Frederic Roth Modular solar radiation collection and distribution system
US6668820B2 (en) * 2001-08-24 2003-12-30 Solargenix Energy Llc Multiple reflector solar concentrators and systems
US6818818B2 (en) * 2002-08-13 2004-11-16 Esmond T. Goei Concentrating solar energy receiver
US7377671B2 (en) * 2003-02-04 2008-05-27 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Etendue-squeezing illumination optics
US7906722B2 (en) * 2005-04-19 2011-03-15 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Concentrating solar collector with solid optical element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007103994A3 (fr) 2008-04-17
WO2007103994A2 (fr) 2007-09-13
WO2007104028A2 (fr) 2007-09-13
WO2007104028A3 (fr) 2008-04-03
EP1997154A2 (fr) 2008-12-03
JP2009529791A (ja) 2009-08-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20080047605A1 (en) Multi-junction solar cells with a homogenizer system and coupled non-imaging light concentrator
US8631787B2 (en) Multi-junction solar cells with a homogenizer system and coupled non-imaging light concentrator
EP2008311A2 (fr) Cellules solaires multijonctions équipées d'un système homogénéisateur et d'un concentrateur de lumière couplé sans mise en image
US8101855B2 (en) Optical concentrator, especially for solar photovoltaics
US8000018B2 (en) Köhler concentrator
AU2008218103B2 (en) Concentrating photovoltaic system using a fresnel lens and nonimaging secondary optics
US20060207650A1 (en) Multi-junction solar cells with an aplanatic imaging system and coupled non-imaging light concentrator
JP6228135B2 (ja) 軸外カセグレン太陽光コレクタ
US20100307586A1 (en) Reflective free-form kohler concentrator
US20090231739A1 (en) Matrix formulation of kohler integrating system and coupled non-imaging light concentrator
KR20100072005A (ko) 광 에너지의 집중, 집결 및 조명을 위한 소형 광소자
WO2011153633A1 (fr) Concentrateur solaire photovoltaïque monobloc
US20120042949A1 (en) Solar concentrator
Benitez et al. High-concentration mirror-based Kohler integrating system for tandem solar cells
CN112187166B (zh) 一种高效能聚光太阳能电池板
TWI473279B (zh) 太陽能集光器
US20150101667A1 (en) Concentrator for polychromatic light
WO2010041249A1 (fr) Module photovoltaïque solaire haute concentration de type « ampoule à action inversée »
CN112097405A (zh) 一种静态大角度太阳能收集系统
CN104350676B (zh) 复色光的聚光器
CN109842367B (zh) 一种太阳光收集光学装置和系统及系统的光收集方法
Winston et al. High-concentration mirror-based Kohler integrating system for tandem solar cells
CN102243366A (zh) 聚光元件及太阳能发电装置
US20130068281A1 (en) Offset light concentrating

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20081007

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK RS

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20111001