EP2009897B1 - Bildverarbeitungsvorrichtung, Bildverarbeitungsverfahren, Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung, Bilderzeugungsverfahren und aufgezeichnetes Material - Google Patents

Bildverarbeitungsvorrichtung, Bildverarbeitungsverfahren, Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung, Bilderzeugungsverfahren und aufgezeichnetes Material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2009897B1
EP2009897B1 EP08158786.7A EP08158786A EP2009897B1 EP 2009897 B1 EP2009897 B1 EP 2009897B1 EP 08158786 A EP08158786 A EP 08158786A EP 2009897 B1 EP2009897 B1 EP 2009897B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
information
color
color component
pixel
image
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP08158786.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2009897A1 (de
Inventor
Takeo Toshiba Corporation c/o Intellectual Property Division Miki
Takashi Toshiba Corporation c/o Intellectual Property Division Yamaguchi
Kenji Toshiba Corporation c/o Intellectual Property Division Miyazaki
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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Priority claimed from JP2007249752A external-priority patent/JP5002392B2/ja
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Publication of EP2009897A1 publication Critical patent/EP2009897A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
    • H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
    • H04N1/32309—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations in colour image data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
    • H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
    • H04N1/32203—Spatial or amplitude domain methods
    • H04N1/32208—Spatial or amplitude domain methods involving changing the magnitude of selected pixels, e.g. overlay of information or super-imposition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
    • H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
    • H04N1/32203—Spatial or amplitude domain methods
    • H04N1/32251—Spatial or amplitude domain methods in multilevel data, e.g. greyscale or continuous tone data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
    • H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
    • H04N1/32203—Spatial or amplitude domain methods
    • H04N1/32256—Spatial or amplitude domain methods in halftone data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
    • H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
    • H04N1/32267—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations combined with processing of the image
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
    • H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
    • H04N1/32288—Multiple embedding, e.g. cocktail embedding, or redundant embedding, e.g. repeating the additional information at a plurality of locations in the image
    • H04N1/32293—Repeating the additional information in a regular pattern
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/765—Interface circuits between an apparatus for recording and another apparatus
    • H04N5/77—Interface circuits between an apparatus for recording and another apparatus between a recording apparatus and a television camera
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
    • H04N9/643—Hue control means, e.g. flesh tone control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
    • H04N9/74—Circuits for processing colour signals for obtaining special effects
    • H04N9/76—Circuits for processing colour signals for obtaining special effects for mixing of colour signals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an image processing method and an image forming system for, for example, superposing another additional sub information (security information or the like) on color image information (a human face image or the like) as main information. Furthermore, the invention relates to a recorded material created using the apparatus or method.
  • Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 9-248935 has proposed a digital watermark insertion method which embeds data in image data to be output to a printing material using the characteristics of high spatial frequency components and color difference components, which are hard to be perceived by humans.
  • Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2001-268346 has proposed a printing apparatus of a digital watermark which can be confirmed by an optical filter.
  • These digital watermark embedding processing methods can embed sub information (sub image information) in main information in an invisible state without any deterioration of image quality using:
  • a high-frequency carrier pattern image is formed by a color difference grid pattern on which red- and cyan-rich pixels are repetitively allocated, and which exploits the human visual characteristics like that their delicate color difference cannot be discriminated by the human eye and the color difference amount is determined to come out even.
  • an input device such as a scanner, camera, or the like reads composite image information embedded with sub information as color difference information.
  • an image processor reproduces the sub information from the composite image information using a digital filter having frequency components according to specific frequency information of key information, and then checks authenticity based on the reproduction result.
  • an electrophotography method is adapted as the recording method for a general digital copying machine and the like.
  • the electrophotography method allows fast printing that can record even color images at several ten ppm or more.
  • the electrophotography method forms a color image using four color toners, i.e., yellow, magenta, cyan, and black.
  • subtractive color mixing that expresses a color image by superposing pixels of respective colors can be used.
  • the following method is known. That is, the arranging direction of a plurality of magenta pixels, that of a plurality of cyan pixels, and that of a plurality of black pixels are given tilts of different angles with respect to that of a plurality of yellow pixels. Then, these pluralities of yellow, magenta, cyan, and black pixels are composited to express a color image. As a result, a color image can be formed without accurately superposing inks. Hence, color misregistration upon deviation of pixels can be prevented.
  • the arranging direction of a plurality of pixels which form the color difference grid pattern does not correspond to those of the pluralities of magenta, cyan, and black pixels.
  • this color difference grid pattern is modulated by sub information, and color image information superposed with the modulated color difference grid pattern is printed by the electrophotography method, the color difference grid pattern is disturbed. That is, the sub information cannot be appropriately superposed on the color image information.
  • Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2004-328217 has proposed a method of superposing a color difference grid pattern modulated by sub information on main information formed by alternate driving that alternately forms pixels for respective recording lines.
  • This reference discloses a method in which after sub information is embedded in respective pieces of RGB image information, which have a tilt of a predetermined angle in a predetermined direction, the respective pieces of RGB image information embedded with the sub information are given a tilt of a predetermined angle in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction so as to alternately form pixels for respective recording lines.
  • all R, G, and B colors have a common tilt angle, and pixels are formed by alternate driving. For this reason, this method cannot solve the aforementioned problem in a screening method in which the arrangement directions of pluralities of color pixels are different.
  • EP 1 471 722 A2 discloses an image processing apparatus for inputting image information defined by red, green, and blue planes that comprises embed-ding a digital watermark, superposing image information, and rotating composite image information.
  • the respective teaching does not consider rotating different color components by different angles or rotating in an initial, first direction and a subsequent, opposite direction.
  • US 6,763,122 B1 discloses a method for embed-ding information into color image data.
  • the respective teaching considers dividing RGB image data into CMYK color planes and embedding information into these planes.
  • the respective teaching does not consider rotating different color components by different angles or rotating in an initial, first direction and a subsequent, opposite direction, since it specifically suggests to use the same angle in each color plane.
  • first and second color image expression methods for expressing a color image by tilting pixel forming directions of respective colors through predetermined angles will be described.
  • FIG. 29 shows an example of a color image 5 formed on a recorded material 4 by an electrophotography method.
  • FIG. 30 is a partially enlarged view of a part 5a of the color image 5 shown in FIG. 29
  • FIG. 31 shows respective pieces of separated color component information shown in FIG. 30 .
  • This is a method of forming a color image while giving halftones to respective colors by tilting the pixel forming directions of yellow (Y) color component information, magenta (M) color component information, cyan (C) color component information, and black (K) color component information through 0 deg. (to be referred to as a screen angle hereinafter), 45 deg. , 15 deg. , and 75 deg. , respectively (this method will be referred to as a screening method hereinafter), as shown in FIGS. 30 and 31 .
  • FIG. 32 is a partially enlarged view of the part 5a of the color image 5 shown in FIG. 29
  • FIG. 33 shows respective pieces of separated color component information shown in FIG. 32 .
  • This is a method of forming a color image while giving halftones to respective colors by tilting the pixel forming directions of yellow (Y) color component information, magenta (M) color component information, cyan (C) color component information, and black (K) color component information through 108.4 deg. (to be referred to as a screen angle hereinafter), -18.4 deg. , 18.4 deg. , and 0 deg. , respectively (this method will be referred to as a screening method hereinafter), as shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 .
  • the example is applied to the case of the first color image expression method described above using FIGS. 30 and 31 .
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic arrangement of an image processing system to which an image processing apparatus and image processing method that embed sub information according to the example are applied.
  • This image processing system roughly comprises an image input apparatus 11 serving as an image input means, a printer 12 serving as a recording means, a computer 13 that executes various kinds of processing, and two-way communication means 14 and 15 for connecting the image input apparatus 11, printer 12, and computer 13 to be able to communicate with each other.
  • the image input apparatus 11 inputs color image information such as a face image or the like on a color photo (printed material) P1 as a digital image, and comprises, for example, a digital camera, video camera, flatbed scanner, or the like. In this example, for example, a scanner is used.
  • the printer 12 outputs a recorded material P2 used as a personal authentication medium such as an ID card or the like by recording color image information such as a face image or the like, and a binary image such as characters or the like.
  • the printer 12 is used as a dedicated printer.
  • the computer 13 comprises an image processor 16 as an image processing means for executing sub information embedding processing for generating composite image information by embedding sub information in image information input by the image input apparatus 11 in an invisible state to the human eye, and the like.
  • the computer 13 may be a personal computer or a dedicated board which comprises a CPU, semiconductor memory, hard disk device, image capture board, and the like. In this example, a personal computer is used.
  • image processor 16 of this example is implemented by a module of an application program which runs on the personal computer.
  • the two-way communication means 14 and 15 are not particularly limited as long as they can communicate signals in two ways, and may comprise USB, SCSI, or the like. In this example, USB2.0 is used.
  • the image input apparatus 11 inputs color image information such as a face image or the like as main information (step S1). Assume that the color image information is a color face image on the photo (printed material) P1. The input color image information is input to the image processor 16 of the computer 13.
  • the image processor 16 separates the input color image information into four pieces of color component information (at least three pieces of image information) of cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K) as ink colors used to record color image information (step S2).
  • the image processor 16 rotates the three pieces of color component information of cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) obtained by color separation through predetermined angles, respectively (step S3) .
  • the image processor 16 embeds sub information in each rotated color component information (step S4). Next, the image processor 16 rotates the respective pieces of color component information embedded with the sub information through the same angles in a direction opposite to that in step S3 (step S5) .
  • the image processor 16 generates composite image information (color image information) by compositing the pieces of reversely rotated color component information (step S6), and sends the generated composite image information to the printer 12.
  • the printer 12 records the composite image information embedded with the sub information on a recording medium, thus obtaining the recorded material P2 (step S7).
  • step S4 For embedding the sub information in each color component information by the image processor 16 will be described in detail below.
  • FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of principal part in the image processor 16.
  • the image processor 16 comprises a smoothing processor 21, phase modulation processor 22, color difference modulation processor 23, superposing processor 24, and composition processor 25.
  • These processors are modules of the application program which runs on the personal computer.
  • the embedding processing for example, a digital watermark processing method described in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication Nos. 11-168616 and 2001-268346 , and the like can be applied.
  • Each color component information 26 is that on which sub information 27 is to be superposed, and which has been rotated through a predetermined angle, and is one of color-separated components of image information associated with a color face image on a recorded material of this example.
  • the face image information is defined by forming pixels in line in the vertical and horizontal directions of an image. This information has information of 24 bits (8 bits per R, G, or B component) per pixel.
  • the sub information (embedded image information) 27 is obtained by, for example, converting information to be embedded into binary image information, and corresponds to an identification number (ID number) or the like on a personal authentication medium. This information has 1-bit information per pixel.
  • a color difference grid pattern 28 is a grid-like pattern, and is also used as key information upon reproducing the sub information 27. This pattern has 1-bit information per pixel.
  • the processor 21 extracts a region of a plurality of pixels in the horizontal direction (x-direction) of the image, and calculates a weighted mean of these pixels.
  • the phase modulation processor 22 applies phase modulation to the color difference grid pattern 28 based on the result of the smoothing processing of the smoothing processor 21.
  • the processor 22 rotates a 2 x 2 pixel pattern (black and white pixels alternately appear) clockwise through 90 deg..
  • the color difference modulation processor 23 executes color difference modulation processing using a predetermined color difference amount Cd based on the phase modulation result of the phase modulation processor 22.
  • the processor 23 independently calculates three components, cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y).
  • C cyan
  • M magenta
  • Y yellow
  • the color difference grid pattern 28 is a color difference grid pattern 1 in which red-rich pixels (dotted patterns) 2 and cyan-rich pixels (hatched patterns) 3 are repetitively allocated, as shown in FIG.
  • C data is modulated by - Cd and M and Y data are modulated by + Cd for an area corresponding to each red-rich pixel 2
  • C data is modulated by + Cd and M and Y data are modulated by - Cd for an area corresponding to each cyan-rich pixel 3.
  • the superposing processor 24 executes superposing processing using the color difference modulation processing result of the color difference modulation processor 23 and the respective pieces of color component information 26, thereby superposing the modulated color difference grid pattern 28 on the respective pieces of color component information 26. More specifically, C, M, and Y values of the color difference modulation processing result are respectively added to C, M, and Y values of the respective pieces of color component information 26.
  • the composition processor 25 rotates the respective pieces of color component information 26 superposed with the color difference grid pattern 28 in a direction opposite to the rotation direction (that in step S3) through the same angles, and composites the respective pieces of reversely rotated color component information 26, thus generating composite image information 29.
  • the sub information 27 can be superposed on the respective pieces of color component information 26.
  • the composite image information 29 superposed with the sub information 27 is sent to the printer 12, and is recorded on a recording medium, thus obtaining the recorded material P2.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate a pixel array of the modulated color difference grid pattern and the sub information according to this example.
  • An area bounded by the bold broken line in FIG. 5 indicates a color difference grid pattern 7, in which two pixels 7a indicated by halftone dots and two pixels 7b indicated by hatching are alternately arranged, and which has a configuration of 4 pixels x 2 lines.
  • the color difference value Cd "16" so as to embed the sub information in an invisible state.
  • the pixel 7a indicated by halftone dots and the pixel 7b indicated by hatching have a complementary color relationship.
  • the pixel 7a indicated by halftone dots is red-rich
  • the pixel 7b indicated by hatching is cyan-rich as a complementary color of red.
  • Color difference grid pattern groups 8a, 8b, and the like in FIG. 5 have a 90 deg. phase difference from neighboring color difference grid pattern groups.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of sub information 9, which is a binary image defined by black cells (indicated by hatching) 9a and white cells 9b.
  • the color difference grid pattern groups 8a and 8b in FIG. 5 are located at a position corresponding to the black cell 9a in FIG. 6 . That is, in this example, by modulating the phase of the color difference grid pattern, the sub information 9 is superposed on each color component information.
  • FIGS. 7A to 7D are explanatory views illustrating the individual color rotation processing (step S3), superposing (embedding) processing (step S4), and individual color reverse rotation processing (step S5).
  • FIG. 7A shows a part of one color component information of color components separated by the color separation processing in step S2.
  • FIG. 7B shows one color component information which is obtained by rotating the color component information in FIG. 7A through 45 deg. by the individual color rotation processing in step S3.
  • the angle in FIG. 7B is 45 deg.
  • this example represents magenta color component information.
  • the processing for cyan color component information can execute rotation processing through an angle of 15 deg..
  • FIG. 7B a color difference grid pattern which is shown in FIG. 7C and is modulated by sub information is superposed on the color component information rotated through the predetermined angle shown in FIG. 7B.
  • FIG. 7D shows one color component information obtained such that the color component information in FIG. 7B superposed with the color difference grid pattern is rotated reversely through 45 deg. in the individual color reverse rotation processing in step S5.
  • the color difference grid pattern can be superposed on the color component information titled through the predetermined angle.
  • the respective pieces of color component information of cyan, magenta, and yellow obtained by color separation are respectively rotated through the predetermined angles, and the sub information is embedded in each rotated color component information.
  • the respective pieces of color component information embedded with the sub information are respectively rotated through the same angles in a direction opposite to the above rotation, and the respective pieces of color component information reversely rotated through the predetermined angles are recorded on a recording medium.
  • processing opposite to the above processing may be executed, and will be described below.
  • FIG. 8A shows a part of one color component information of color components separated by the color separation processing.
  • FIG. 8B shows a color difference grid pattern modulated by sub information
  • FIG. 8C shows a color difference grid pattern obtained by rotating that shown in FIG. 8B through 45 deg..
  • the angle in FIG. 8C is 45 deg.
  • this example represents magenta color component information.
  • the processing for cyan color component information can execute rotation processing through an angle of 15 deg..
  • FIG. 8C The color difference grid pattern which is shown in FIG. 8C and is rotated through the predetermined angle is superposed on the color component information shown in FIG. 8A.
  • FIG. 8D shows one color component information superposed with the color difference grid pattern by the superposing processing.
  • the color difference grid pattern titled through the predetermined angle can be superposed on each color component information as in the case in which the color difference grid pattern is superposed on each color component information rotated through the predetermined angle.
  • FIG. 9 shows a practical example of the recorded material P2 created by the aforementioned image processing.
  • the recorded material P2 is, for example, a personal authentication medium such as an ID card or the like, which is created by recording a face image 32a for personal authentication and a character image (personal management information and the like) 32b on one surface of a card-shaped recording medium 31. Since the personal authentication medium needs to undergo measures against falsification and forgery, sub information (a star mark indicated by the broken line) 33 obtained by modulating the color difference grid pattern 7 is superposed on the face image 32a in an invisible state.
  • sub information a star mark indicated by the broken line
  • the face image 32a is color image information
  • the star mark as the sub information 33 is binary image information.
  • Respective color inks of yellow, magenta, cyan, and black that form the color image information (face image 32a) are configured to have tilts of different predetermined angles for respective colors, and the color difference grid pattern is formed to have tilts of different angles for respective colors.
  • FIG. 10 schematically shows the arrangement of an image processing system to which an image processing apparatus and image processing method for reproducing sub information from a printed material according to the example are applied.
  • This image processing system roughly comprises an image reading apparatus 41 as a reading means, a display apparatus 42 as an output means, a computer 43 that executes various kinds of processing, and two-way communication means 44 and 45 for connecting the image reading apparatus 41, display apparatus 42, and computer 43 to be able to communicate with each other.
  • the image reading apparatus 41 reads color image information on the recorded material P2 as a digital image, and comprises a flatbed scanner, digital camera, or the like. In this example, for example, a scanner is used.
  • the display apparatus 42 displays and outputs various kinds of information such as reproduced sub information and the like.
  • the computer 43 comprises an image processor 46 serving as an image processing means for executing sub information reproduction processing for reproducing, from color image information read by the image reading apparatus 41, sub information embedded in that color image information.
  • the computer 43 may be a personal computer or a dedicated board which comprises a CPU, semiconductor memory, hard disk device, image capture board, and the like. In this example, a personal computer is used.
  • image processor 46 of this example is implemented by a module of an application program which runs on the personal computer.
  • the two-way communication means 44 and 45 are not particularly limited as long as they can communicate signals in two ways, and may comprise USB, SCSI, or the like. In this example, USB2.0 is used.
  • the image reading apparatus 41 reads color image information on the recorded material P2 (step S11).
  • the read color image information is input to the image processor 46 of the computer 43.
  • the image processor 46 separates the input color image information into respective pieces of color component information of cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) as color inks that form the color image information (step S12).
  • pieces of color component information to be color-separated may be red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
  • the image processor 46 rotates the respective pieces of color-separated color component information of cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) in directions opposite to pixel forming directions of yellow, cyan, and magenta which form the color image information through the same angles as the tilt angles of the respective colors (step S13).
  • the pixel forming directions of the respective colors can agree with the vertical and horizontal directions of an image, and those of the color difference grid pattern can agree with the vertical and horizontal directions of the image.
  • the image processor 46 then applies processing for extracting sub information to the respective pieces of color component information which are reversely rotated through the predetermined angles, and extracts (reproduces) the sub information (step S14).
  • the image processor 46 displays the extracted sub information on the display apparatus 42 (step S15), and the operator checks the authenticity of the recorded material P2 based on that of the sub information (step S16).
  • the extracted sub information is displayed on the display apparatus 42, and the operator checks the authenticity of the recorded material P2 based on the displayed contents, i.e., the authenticity of the sub information.
  • the authenticity checking may be executed automatically, and it will be described below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 12 .
  • steps S11 to S14 are the same as those in FIG. 11 , a repetitive description thereof will be avoided, and only steps S17 to S19 different from FIG. 11 will be explained.
  • the image processor 46 collates the extracted sub information with, e.g., reference sub information, which is registered in advance (step S17), and checks the authenticity of the recorded material P2 by seeing if the two pieces of sub information have a predetermined relationship, i.e., if the two pieces of sub information match in this example (step S18). Then, the image processor 46 displays the checking result on the display apparatus 42 (step S19).
  • the authenticity checking method of the recorded material P2 is not limited to the aforementioned method, but other methods may be used.
  • the authenticity may be checked by analyzing the extracted sub information.
  • the authenticity of the recorded material P2 may be checked based on the presence/absence of the sub information in place of the authenticity checking of the recorded material P2 based on the authenticity of the sub information.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates signals upon converting the color component information obtained by the processing in step S13 in FIG. 11 into a spatial frequency domain.
  • the horizontal axis plots the spatial frequency (fx) of the color component information in the horizontal direction
  • the vertical axis plots that (fy) of the color component information in the vertical direction.
  • Dotted circular signals are those of the color difference grid pattern 7.
  • the reproduction processing of the sub information according to the example can reproduce (extract) the sub information 9 by applying a band-pass filter of the frequencies corresponding to the signals of the color difference grid pattern 7.
  • sub information can be superposed on color image information formed by tilting the pixel forming directions of respective color components to have predetermined angles, thus improving the resistance to falsification and forgery of the obtained recorded material.
  • This embodiment is applied to the case of the second color image expression method described previously using FIGS. 32 and 33 .
  • An image input apparatus 11 inputs color image information such as a face image or the like as main information (step S21). Assume that the color image information is a color face image on a photo (printed material) P1. However, the present invention is not limited to such specific information.
  • the input color image information is input to an image processor 16 of a computer 13.
  • the image processor 16 separates the input color image information into four pieces of color component information (at least three pieces of image information) of cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K) as ink colors used to record color image information (step S22).
  • the image processor 16 allocates pixels of the three pieces of color component information of cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) to have predetermined angles (step S23).
  • the image processor 16 embeds sub information in each rotated color component information (step S24). Next, the image processor 16 allocates the pixels to restore them by applying the processing opposite to that in step S23 to the respective pieces of color component information embedded with the sub information (step S25).
  • the image processor 16 generates composite image information (color image information) by compositing the pieces of color component information whose pixel allocations are restored (step S26), and sends the generated composite image information to a printer 12.
  • the printer 12 applies pseudo halftoning processing using dither matrices for respective pieces of color component information to the composite image information embedded with the sub information (step S27), and obtains a recorded material P2 by recording the composite image information that has undergone the pseudo halftoning processing on a recording medium (step S28).
  • the embedding processing (that in step S24) for embedding the sub information in each color component information by the image processor 16 will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 3 used in the example.
  • Each color component information 26 in case of this embodiment is that which is allocated by the individual color allocation processing in step S23, on which sub information 27 is to be superposed, and which is one of color-separated components of image information associated with a color face image on a recorded material of this embodiment.
  • the face image information is defined by forming pixels in line in the vertical and horizontal directions of an image. This information has information of 24 bits (8 bits per R, G, or B component) per pixel.
  • Sub information (embedded image information) 27 is obtained by, for example, converting information to be embedded into binary image information, and corresponds to an identification number (ID number) or the like on a personal authentication medium. This information has 1-bit information per pixel.
  • a color difference grid pattern 28 is a grid-like pattern, and is also used as key information upon reproducing the sub information 27. This pattern has 1-bit information per pixel.
  • the processor 21 extracts a region of a plurality of pixels in the horizontal direction (x-direction) of the image, and calculates a weighted mean of these pixels.
  • a phase modulation processor 22 applies phase modulation to the color difference grid pattern 28 based on the result of the smoothing processing of the smoothing processor 21.
  • the processor 22 rotates a 2 x 2 pixel pattern (black and white pixels alternately appear) clockwise through 90 deg..
  • a color difference modulation processor 23 executes color difference modulation processing using a predetermined color difference amount Cd based on the phase modulation result of the phase modulation processor 22.
  • the processor 23 independently calculates three components cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y).
  • C cyan
  • M magenta
  • Y yellow
  • the color difference grid pattern 28 is a color difference grid pattern 1 in which red-rich pixels (dotted patterns) 2 and cyan-rich pixels (hatched patterns) 3 are repetitively allocated, as shown in FIG.
  • C data is modulated by - Cd and M and Y data are modulated + Cd for an area corresponding to each red-rich pixel 2
  • C data is modulated by + Cd and M and Y data are modulated by - Cd for an area corresponding to each cyan-rich pixel 3.
  • a superposing processor 24 executes superposing processing using the color difference modulation processing result of the color difference modulation processor 23 and the respective pieces of color component information 26, thereby superposing the modulated color difference grid pattern 28 on the respective pieces of color component information 26. More specifically, C, M, and Y values of the color difference modulation processing result are respectively added to C, M, and Y values of the respective pieces of color component information 26.
  • a composition processor 25 allocates the pixels to restore them by applying the processing opposite to that in step S23 to the respective pieces of color component information 26 superposed with the color difference grid pattern 28, and composites the respective pieces of color component information 26 in which the pixel allocations are restored, thus generating composite image information 29.
  • the sub information 27 can be superposed on the respective pieces of color component information 26.
  • the composite image information 29 superposed with the sub information 27 is sent to the printer 12, and is recorded on a recording medium, thus obtaining a recorded material P2.
  • FIGS. 15A and 15B are views for explaining screen angles according to this embodiment, and are enlarged views of a part 5a of a color image 5 shown in FIG. 29 .
  • the screen angles of cyan (C) and yellow (Y) are respectively 18.4 deg. and 108.4 deg. , and they have a 90 deg. difference.
  • cyan and yellow pixels are allocated to overlap each other.
  • the screen angles have a 90 deg. difference
  • cyan information needs to be superposed to have a tilt through the screen angle corresponding to cyan upon superposing it on yellow information, so as to superpose them without disturbing the color difference grid pattern.
  • the screen angle of magenta (M) is -18.4 deg. , and cyan and magenta pixels less overlap each other.
  • red- and cyan-rich pixels need to be formed by superposing pixels of three or more colors.
  • pixels of three colors less overlap each other to disturb the color difference grid pattern, and the sub information cannot be superposed on the color image information.
  • FIGS. 16 , 17, and 18 show examples of threshold matrices used to form screens (pixel arrays) corresponding to cyan, magenta, and yellow.
  • FIG. 16 shows a threshold matrix used to form a screen corresponding to cyan.
  • a matrix 51a including 10 pixels indicated by hatching in FIG. 16 is a unit matrix, and is a dither matrix used to express pseudo tones.
  • a screen angle 18.4 deg. (an angle clockwise from the horizontal direction of FIG. 16 ) can be realized, as indicated by a straight line 51b in FIG. 16 .
  • FIG. 17 shows a threshold matrix used to form a screen corresponding to yellow.
  • a matrix 51c including 10 pixels indicated by hatching in FIG. 17 is a unit matrix, and is obtained by rotating the unit matrix 51a in FIG. 16 clockwise through 90 deg..
  • FIG. 18 shows a threshold matrix used to form a screen corresponding to magenta.
  • a matrix 51e including 10 pixels indicated by hatching in FIG. 18 is a unit matrix, and is obtained by inverting the unit matrix 51a in FIG. 16 axisymmetrically (flipping it horizontally) about the vertical direction in FIG. 18 .
  • a screen angle -18.4 can be realized, as indicated by a straight line 51f in FIG. 18 .
  • FIGS. 19, 20 , 21, and 22 are explanatory views illustrating the allocation processing, superposing processing, color difference grid pattern, and individual color reverse allocation processing of pieces of color component information of cyan and yellow.
  • FIG. 19 shows the pixel array of the color component information of each of cyan and yellow.
  • Each bold frame including 10 pixels in FIG. 19 indicates the unit matrix of cyan.
  • Reference numerals a1 to a4, b1 to b4, and c1 to c4 in FIG. 19 respectively denote pixel blocks each including nine pixels (3 X 3 pixels in the vertical and horizontal directions), and all of a, b, and c groups have tilts through the screen angle corresponding to cyan.
  • Yellow pixel blocks each including nine pixels match those of cyan, and have a screen angle 90 deg. different from cyan, but these pixel blocks can be commonly used.
  • FIG. 20 shows a pixel array obtained by allocating pixels in FIG. 19 so that the pixel blocks each including nine pixels in FIG. 19 are arranged linearly to have each pixel block as a unit.
  • the allocation processing corresponding to cyan and yellow according to this embodiment is processing for allocating pixel blocks to be rotated counterclockwise through the screen angle corresponding to cyan.
  • FIG. 21 shows a color difference grid pattern.
  • One pixel of the color difference grid pattern shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to the pixel block including nine pixels. That is, each pixel block (a dot pattern in FIG. 21 ) 52 including nine pixels includes red-rich components, and each pixel block (a hatched pattern in FIG. 21 ) 53 including nine pixels includes cyan-rich components.
  • the color difference grid pattern shown in FIG. 21 is superposed on the pixel array after allocation in FIG. 20 .
  • FIG. 22 shows a pixel array allocated to restore the original pixel array shown in FIG. 19 after the color difference grid pattern in FIG. 21 is superposed on the pixel array in FIG. 20 .
  • a recording unit according to this embodiment forms a screen corresponding to a color of color component information.
  • the screen is defined by threshold matrices, and is processed for each pixel block of the unit matrix.
  • the color difference grid pattern can be superposed on nine-pixel blocks in the unit matrices, the color difference grid pattern is not disturbed even after the screen is formed.
  • the color difference grid pattern can be superposed on the pixel blocks having a tilt through the screen angle corresponding to cyan of the color component information of cyan. Also, the color difference grid pattern can be superposed on the pixel blocks having a tilt through the screen angle corresponding to cyan which is different from that corresponding to yellow of the color component information of yellow.
  • FIGS. 23, 24 , 25, and 26 are explanatory views illustrating the allocation processing, superposing processing, color difference grid pattern, and individual color reverse allocation processing of color component information of magenta.
  • FIG. 23 shows the pixel array of the color component information of magenta.
  • Each bold frame including 10 pixels in FIG. 23 indicates the unit matrix of magenta.
  • Reference numerals d1 to d4, e1 to e4, and f1 to f4 in FIG. 23 respectively denote pixel blocks each including nine pixels (3 X 3 pixels in the vertical and horizontal directions) that form the unit matrix, and d, e, and f groups are pixel block groups selected so that an angle a straight line (that in FIG. 23 ) 54 that connects these groups and the horizontal direction in FIG. 23 make is close to the screen angle corresponding to cyan.
  • FIG. 24 shows a pixel array obtained by allocating pixels in FIG. 23 so that the pixel blocks each including nine pixels in FIG. 23 are arranged linearly to have each pixel block as a unit.
  • the allocation processing corresponding to magenta according to this embodiment is processing for allocating pixel blocks by rearranging them to be rotated counterclockwise through the angle close to the screen angle corresponding to cyan.
  • FIG. 25 shows the same color difference grid pattern as in FIG. 21 , and a repetitive description thereof will be avoided.
  • the color difference grid pattern in FIG. 25 is superposed on the arranged pixel array.
  • FIG. 26 shows a pixel array allocated to restore the original pixel array shown in FIG. 23 after the color difference grid pattern in FIG. 25 is superposed on the pixel array in FIG. 24 .
  • the color difference grid pattern can be superposed on nine-pixel blocks in the unit matrices, the color difference grid pattern is not disturbed even after the screen is formed.
  • the color difference grid pattern can be superposed to have the tilt angle close to the screen angle corresponding to cyan, the probability of overlapping pixels of three colors recorded by the recording unit can increase, and the sub information can be reliably superposed on the color image information.
  • the color difference grid pattern can be superposed on the pixel blocks of the color component information of magenta, which has a tilt through an angle that is different from the screen angle corresponding to magenta and is close to the screen angle corresponding to cyan.
  • An image reading apparatus 41 reads color image information on the recorded material P2 (step S31).
  • the read color image information is input to an image processor 46 of a computer 43.
  • the image processor 46 separates the input color image information into respective pieces of color component information of cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) as color inks that form the color image information (step S32).
  • pieces of color component information to be color-separated may be red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
  • the image processor 46 allocates pixels of the respective pieces of color-separated color component information of cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) to have predetermined angles in the same manner as upon embedding sub information (step S25 in FIG. 14 ) (step S33).
  • the image processor 46 applies processing for extracting sub information to each allocated color component information, and extracts (reproduces) the sub information (step S34).
  • the image processor 46 displays the extracted sub information on a display apparatus 42 (step S35), and the operator checks the authenticity of the recorded material P2 based on that of the sub information (step S36).
  • the extracted sub information is displayed on the display apparatus 42, and the operator checks the authenticity of the recorded material P2 based on the displayed contents, i.e., the authenticity of the sub information.
  • the authenticity checking may be executed automatically, and it will be described below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 28 .
  • steps S31 to S34 are the same as those in FIG. 27 , a repetitive description thereof will be avoided, and only steps S37 to S39 different from FIG. 27 will be explained.
  • the image processor 46 collates the extracted sub information with, e.g., reference sub information, which is registered in advance (step S37), and checks the authenticity of the recorded material P2 by seeing if the two pieces of sub information have a predetermined relationship, i.e., if the two pieces of sub information match in this example (step S38). Then, the image processor 46 displays the checking result on the display apparatus 42 (step S39).
  • the authenticity checking method of the recorded material P2 is not limited to the aforementioned method, but other methods may be used.
  • the authenticity may be checked by analyzing the extracted sub information.
  • the authenticity of the recorded material P2 may be checked based on the presence/absence of the sub information in place of the authenticity checking of the recorded material P2 based on the authenticity of the sub information.
  • sub information can be superposed on color image information formed by tilting the pixel forming directions of respective color components to have predetermined angles, thus improving the resistance to falsification and forgery of the obtained recorded material.
  • color image information such as a face image or the like is input, the input color image information is separated into pieces of color component information of C, M, and Y, and the subsequent processes are applied to each of the pieces of color-separated color component information of colors.
  • the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments.
  • the present invention can obtain the same operations and effects when image information of three or more colors as main information, e.g., pieces of externally color-separated color component information of C, M, and Y, and the subsequent processes are applied to each of the pieces of input color component information of colors.

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Claims (6)

  1. Verfahren zum Verarbeiten von Farbbildinformationen, um Unterinformationen einzubetten, wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte umfasst:
    - Eingeben (S21) von Farbbildinformationen;
    - Trennen (S22) der Farbbildinformationen für mindestens drei Farbkomponenten in mindestens eine erste Farbkomponenteninformation, eine zweite Farbkomponenteninformation und eine dritte Farbkomponenteninformation;
    - nahtloses Zuordnen (S23)
    - - in der ersten Farbkomponenteninformation einer Vielzahl von 10-Pixel-Elementarzellen, die jeweils aus einem 3x3-Pixel-Block und einem zusätzlichen Pixel neben einem Eckpixel des 3x3-Pixel-Blocks bestehen, in einem ersten Bildschirmwinkel von 18,4 Grad mit Bezug auf eine waagerechte Richtung,
    - - in der zweiten Farbkomponenteninformation einer Vielzahl der 10-Pixel-Elementarzellen in einem zweiten Bildschirmwinkel von -18,4 Grad mit Bezug auf die waagerechte Richtung, und
    - - in der dritten Farbkomponenteninformation einer Vielzahl der 10-Pixel-Elementarzellen in einem dritten Bildschirmwinkel von 108,4 Grad mit Bezug auf die waagerechte Richtung;
    - Einbetten (S24) der Unterinformationen durch
    - - Erzielen einer Pixelanordnung für die ersten und dritten Farbkomponenten durch lineares Anordnen von Gruppen von 3x3-Pixel-Blöcken der 10-Pixel-Elementarzellen, die der entsprechenden Farbkomponente zugeordnet sind, so dass ihre mittleren Pixel waagerecht angeordnet sind, wobei die Gruppen von 3x3-Pixel-Blöcken Neigungen in dem ersten Bildschirmwinkel aufweisen, und einer Pixelanordnung für die zweite Farbkomponente durch lineares Anordnen von Gruppen von 3x3-Pixel-Blöcken der 10-Pixel-Elementarzellen, die der zweiten Farbkomponente zugeordnet sind, so dass ihre mittleren Pixel waagerecht angeordnet sind, wobei die Gruppen von 3x3-Pixel-Blöcken durch eine Gerade verbunden sind, die mit der waagerechten Richtung einen Winkel nahe dem ersten Bildschirmwinkel bildet;
    - - Modulieren eines Farbdifferenz-Gittermusters durch die Unterinformationen, und
    - - Überlagern des Farbdifferenz-Gittermusters mit den Pixelanordnungen, die für jede Farbkomponente erzielt werden;
    - umgekehrtes Zuordnen (S25) der 3x3-Pixel-Blöcke für jede überlagerte Pixelanordnung, um ihre Anordnung in den entsprechenden ersten, zweiten und dritten Farbkomponenteninformationen wiederherzustellen, um für jede Farbkomponente eine wiederhergestellte Pixelanordnung zu bilden; und
    - Generieren (S26) von zusammengesetzten Bildinformationen durch Zusammensetzen der wiederhergestellten Pixelanordnungen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die ersten, zweiten und dritten Farbkomponenteninformationen jeweils Farbkomponenteninformationen von Cyan, Magenta und Gelb entsprechen.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, ferner umfassend folgende Schritte:
    - Anwenden (S27) einer Pseudorasterung auf die zusammengesetzten Bildinformationen; und
    - Aufzeichnen (S28) auf einem Aufzeichnungsmedium der zusammengesetzten Bildinformationen, die der Pseudorasterung (S27) unterzogen wurden.
  4. Aufgezeichnetes Material, auf dem
    Farbbildinformationen aufgezeichnet sind, wobei die Farbbildinformationen Informationen sind, die durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 generiert werden.
  5. Bilderzeugungssystem zum Aufzeichnen auf einem Aufzeichnungsmedium von Farbbildinformationen mit eingebetteten Unterinformationen, umfassend:
    - Mittel (11) zum Eingeben von Farbbildinformationen;
    - Mittel (16) zum Trennen der Farbbildinformationen für mindestens drei Farbkomponenten in mindestens eine erste Farbkomponenteninformation, eine zweite Farbkomponenteninformation und eine dritte Farbkomponenteninformation;
    - Mittel (16) zum nahtlosen Zuordnen
    - - in der ersten Farbkomponenteninformation einer Vielzahl von 10-Pixel-Elementarzellen, die jeweils aus einem 3x3-Pixel-Block und einem zusätzlichen Pixel neben einem Eckpixel des 3x3-Pixel-Blocks bestehen, in einem ersten Bildschirmwinkel von 18,4 Grad mit Bezug auf eine waagerechte Richtung,
    - - in der zweiten Farbkomponenteninformation einer Vielzahl der 10-Pixel-Elementarzellen in einem zweiten Bildschirmwinkel von -18,4 Grad mit Bezug auf die waagerechte Richtung, und
    - - in der dritten Farbkomponenteninformation einer Vielzahl der 10-Pixel-Elementarzellen in einem dritten Bildschirmwinkel von 108,4 Grad mit Bezug auf die waagerechte Richtung;
    - Mittel (16) zum Einbetten (S24) der Unterinformationen durch
    - - Erzielen einer Pixelanordnung für die ersten und dritten Farbkomponenten durch lineares Anordnen von Gruppen von 3x3-Pixel-Blöcken der 10-Pixel-Elementarzellen, die der entsprechenden Farbkomponente zugeordnet sind, so dass ihre mittleren Pixel waagerecht angeordnet sind, wobei die Gruppen von 3x3-Pixel-Blöcken Neigungen in dem ersten Bildschirmwinkel aufweisen, und einer Pixelanordnung für die zweite Farbkomponente durch lineares Anordnen von Gruppen von 3x3-Pixel-Blöcken der 10-Pixel-Elementarzellen, die der zweiten Farbkomponente zugeordnet sind, so dass ihre mittleren Pixel waagerecht angeordnet sind, wobei die Gruppen von 3x3-Pixel-Blöcken durch eine Gerade verbunden sind, die mit der waagerechten Richtung einen Winkel nahe dem ersten Bildschirmwinkel bildet;
    - - Modulieren eines Farbdifferenz-Gittermusters durch die Unterinformationen, und
    - - Überlagern des Farbdifferenz-Gittermusters mit den Pixelanordnungen, die für jede Farbkomponente erzielt werden;
    - Mittel (16) zum umgekehrten Zuordnen der 3x3-Pixel-Blöcke für jede überlagerte Pixelanordnung, um ihre Anordnung in den entsprechenden ersten, zweiten und dritten Farbkomponenteninformationen wiederherzustellen, um für jede Farbkomponente eine wiederhergestellte Pixelanordnung zu bilden; und
    - Mittel (16) zum Generieren von zusammengesetzten Bildinformationen durch Zusammensetzen der wiederhergestellten Pixelanordnungen;
    - Mittel (12) zum Anwenden einer Pseudorasterung auf die zusammengesetzten Bildinformationen; und
    - Mittel (12) zum Aufzeichnen auf einem Aufzeichnungsmedium der zusammengesetzten Bildinformationen, die der Pseudorasterung unterzogen wurden.
  6. Bilderzeugungssystem nach Anspruch 5, wobei die ersten, zweiten und dritten Farbkomponenteninformationen jeweils Farbkomponenteninformationen von Cyan, Magenta und Gelb entsprechen.
EP08158786.7A 2007-06-27 2008-06-23 Bildverarbeitungsvorrichtung, Bildverarbeitungsverfahren, Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung, Bilderzeugungsverfahren und aufgezeichnetes Material Ceased EP2009897B1 (de)

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