Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
  • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
  • C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10L1/1826—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms poly-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
  • C10L1/1832—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
  • C10L1/2225—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates hydroxy containing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/223—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/232—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a fuel for an internal combustion engine essentially comprising glycerin, and a motor adapted to use said fuel of the invention.
• Gasoline is a complex mixture comprising hydrocarbon compounds of 4 to 12 carbon atoms; it is the light phase of crude oil, but it can also be obtained by cracking heavier elements.
• Diesel comprises hydrocarbon compounds of 12 to 15 carbon atoms and is obtained by fractional distillation between 200 and 350 ° C of the crude oil.
• Kerosene is also obtained by fractional distillation of crude oil between 150 ° C and 275 ° C.
• LPG or liquefied petroleum gas, is a mixture of light hydrocarbons of 2 to 4 carbon atoms. It is derived from petroleum refining and more generally from the treatment of natural gas.
• hydrocarbons are a limited and non-renewable resource, and because of the constant increase of needs, alternatives have had to be developed, for example, biofuels, fuel cells, photovoltaic wind, hydro, or geothermal energy.
• biofuels generally refers to fuels comprising one or more compounds of natural origin.
• Biogas produced by the fermentation of animal or vegetable organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
• Biogas contains mainly methane, usually 50 to 70%, but also butane and propane.
• Biogas can be used as fuel for NGV vehicles or in a gas engine or small turbine to produce electricity.
• Bioethanol which is produced by the fermentation of fermentable sugars, such as for example glucose or sucrose, sugars that are included in many natural sources, in particular from sugar cane beet, wheat, corn, potato, but also grass or wood.
• fermentable sugars such as for example glucose or sucrose
• sugars that are included in many natural sources, in particular from sugar cane beet, wheat, corn, potato, but also grass or wood.
• Bioethanol can be used pure or mixed with gasoline.
• biodiesel also called biodiesel, which is obtained from vegetable oil, or animal, by transesterification, that is to say by the reaction of the fatty acids of the oil with an alcohol, generally methanol or ethanol, to produce methyl or ethylenic esters.
• Biodiesel can be used alone or mixed with fossil diesel.
• glycerine also called glycerol
• Oil + Methanol ⁇ Glycerin + biodiesel For 100 kg of oil, 10 kg of methanol must be added to produce 100 kg of biodiesel, but 10 kg of glycerin are also produced.
• this glycerin contains impurities, water (up to 15%), alcohol, free fatty acids and mineral salts.
• the glycerin thus produced must be valorised in different ways. It can be used in the pharmaceutical field to improve lubricity and lubrication of drugs, in the field of cosmetics where it is used as a moisturizing agent, or as a solvent or lubricant in dentifrices or moisturizing creams, but also in the field of food, where it is used for its sweet taste, or as additive for frozen products, but also as a moisture retainer or as a solvent (E422). Glycerin is also used as a plasticizer and lubricant in papermaking, and can be used in some antifreeze fluids.
• glycerine is used in the production of epichlorohydrin, a compound of the epoxy family, which is used as an intermediate in the production of epoxy resins which have many applications in the automotive, nautical and automotive sectors. , real estate, leisure equipment and water purification.
• glycerine is not miscible with hydrocarbons and its viscosity is incompatible with current engines, unless it is soluble in existing hydrocarbons.
• chemically modified glycerine is proposed as fuel in the form of acetals (as described in FR2866654 ), in the form of ethers, (as described in FR2866653 ), or in the form of esters, (as described in DE3335688 ).
• Glycerin can also be used as a fuel additive in unmodified form (as described in the patent applications US2003221360 , WO02 / 38709 , WO2004 / 055134 ), but more generally it is used in the form of esters as described in patent applications WO99 / 33938 , WO00 / 34418 , WO02 / 079353 and WO2006 / 086936 ).
• glycerin in the field of engine fuels has many disadvantages.
• glycerin For use as a fuel, glycerin must be chemically modified and must be incorporated into existing hydrocarbons, which does not reduce the amount of fossil fuels consumed. But these uses are very marginal and glycerin (modified or not) is used in small proportions in the final fuel which does not absorb the massive production of glycerin due to increased production of biodiesel.
• the present invention provides a fuel for an internal combustion engine which does not have the disadvantages of the state of the art.
• the present invention relates to a fuel, preferably liquid, for internal combustion engines comprising in volume or weight at least 50% glycerin. This percentage is calculated based on the total percentage by volume or weight of a fuel representing 100%.
• internal combustion engine means any engine used for the propulsion of transport vehicles, for example aircraft, automobiles, motorcycles, trucks or boats, but also used for mobile tools, for example a chainsaw, a lawn mower, turf, as well as for fixed installations, for example generators, cogeneration and trigeneration systems or pumping units.
• composition according to the invention further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a viscosity corrector, a corrosion inhibitor and / or a lubricant, and mixtures thereof, preferably with the exception of hydrocarbons.
• glycerine represents in volume or weight at least 85% of the total volume or weight of the fuel.
• the percentage by volume or by weight of the additive varies between about 0.01% and about 50% of the total volume of the fuel, preferably between about 0.5% and about 15%, and advantageously between about 0, 5% and about 3% of the total volume or weight of the fuel.
• the volume or weight percent of the viscosity-controlling additive ranges from about 2% to about 8% of the total volume or weight of the fuel.
• the viscosity correcting additive is selected from the group consisting of water, an alcohol, an amine, an amide, an aromatic heterocycle, or a mixture of them.
• it is chosen from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, one of the isomers of pentanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, phenol, cresol, diethylenetriamine, diethylformamide, diisopropylamine, triethylenetetramine, methylbenzylamine, methylbenzyldiethanolamine, methylbenzylethanolamine, 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine , 2-Phenylethylamine, Isopropanolamine, Pyridine, or a mixture of them.
• Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the fuel of the invention in a diesel engine, gas or gasoline.
• a final aspect of the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine using the fuel of the invention, said engine comprising injectors able to operate beyond 50 ° C, preferably to operate between about 70 ° C and about 120 ° vs.
• the engine advantageously comprises means for preheating the fuel according to the invention capable of reducing the viscosity of said fuel to allow quality injection, and possibly means for drying said fuel.
• these drying means consist of means capable of spraying said fuel and of sweeping the microdroplets obtained from said fuel with a counter current of hot air, or means capable of allowing a flow of the fuel on a suitable support and sweeping said support with a current stream of hot air.
• the engine further comprises a fuel filter for efficient filtration with a filtration size of about 1 micron.
• the engine according to the invention may comprise means for injecting air or pure oxygen into the combustion chamber of the engine, and bi-fueling or tri-carburizing means.
• These bi-fuel or tricarburation means comprise at least two series of injectors, a first series of injectors distributing the fuel of the invention and a second series of injectors distributing a fuel of fossil or natural origin, the third being able to enrich the oxidizing mixture with combustible gas or vapor.
• these series of injectors are mounted in parallel.
• the bi-fuel or tricarburation means are suitable for successive or simultaneous use of the fuel according to the invention and of combustible gases or vapors.
• the bi-fuel or tricarburation means may comprise an additional reservoir for a fuel of fossil or natural origin, a fuel filter for said fuel of fossil origin or natural, as well as electrical, pneumatic, electronic and / or manual means that allow successive or simultaneous use of a fuel of fossil or natural origin and the fuel according to the invention.
• glycerin in fuels for internal combustion engines, whether of fossil origin or of natural origin, the presence of glycerin must be reduced because it can adversely affect the proper functioning of the engine. Indeed, for example, in cold weather, glycerine reduces the fluidity of the fuel in the intake system and can thus plug the filters of the engines.
• the originality of the present invention lies in the use of unmodified glycerin as a fuel for a diesel, gasoline or gas engine, preferably without the addition of a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture.
• the fuel according to the invention essentially comprising glycerin.
• the term "essentially” means that the major compound of the fuel composition of the invention is glycerine.
• the composition comprises in volume or weight at least 50% glycerin, preferably between about 85% and about 99.99%. Preferably from about 95% to about 99.99%, more preferably from about 98% to about 99.5%, preferably 99% glycerin.
• the fuel comprises 100% glycerin.
• the fuel according to the invention is in a liquid form. It is a fuel called "bio”, that is to say without components of fossil origin.
• the fuel according to the invention may further comprise an additive whose part does not exceed 50% of the total volume or total weight of the composition of the fuel according to the invention.
• the said additive is preferably selected from the group consisting of viscosity correctors, corrosion inhibitors, and / or a lubricant, and mixtures thereof.
• the glycerin To be used in a conventional engine, the glycerin must have an adequate and acceptable viscosity for the pumps and injectors of a standard engine, namely standard elements currently used on engines. Nevertheless, specially adapted pipes, pumps and injectors can be developed and manufactured to take into account the viscoelastic and lubricating characteristics of glycerine.
• One solution is to use an additive that reduces the viscosity of glycerine.
• this additive represents between about 0.01% and about 50% of the total volume or total weight of the fuel, preferably between about 0.01% and about 15%, preferably between about 0.1% and about 5% preferably between about 0.5% or 1% and about 3% of the total volume or total weight of the composition according to the invention.
• the viscosity correcting additive is a miscible element with glycerine. It can be any compound that can be used to dilute glycerin while reducing its viscosity. Preferably, it is water, an alcohol, an amine, an amide or an aromatic heterocycle, and the mixture of one or more of these compounds.
• it is ethanol, methanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, one of the isomers of pentanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, phenol, cresol, diethylenetriamine, diethylformamide, di-isopropylamine, triethylenetetramine, methylbenzylamine, methylbenzyldiethanolamine, methylbenzylethanolamine, 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine, 2-phenylethylamine , isopropanolamine, pyridine, or mixtures thereof.
• the presence of water which can represent up to 15% by volume of a glycerin directly from the production of biodiesel, can greatly reduce its viscosity. With only 3% water by volume, a viscosity reduction of nearly 46% is obtained. While water decreases the viscosity of glycerine, it does not help to increase the Lower Calorific Value, or PCI, of glycerine. Thus, it is advantageous using to reduce the viscosity of glycerine, an alcohol, an amine, an amide, an aromatic heterocycle, or a mixture of these compounds, or a mixture of these compounds with water.
• the fuel contains in volume or weight about 1 to about 2% water and about 1 to about 10% alcohol.
• the fuel contains in volume or in weight less than one percent of water and less than 14% of an alcohol, an amine, an amide, an aromatic heterocycle, or a mixture of these compounds.
• Decreasing the viscosity of glycerin can also be achieved by heating the glycerine to a sufficiently high temperature to bring it to an acceptable viscosity for the pumps and injectors of the engine, preferably at a temperature between about 70 and about 120 ° C.
• the injectors of the glycerin engine are made of any suitable material and resistant to high pressures and high operating temperatures of the engine.
• the glycerin / water mixture can be dried using conventional techniques of industrial chemistry.
• the simplest technique is to place a moisture sensor filter on the fuel distribution circuit.
• Another technique consists in spraying the mixture and sweeping the microdrops thus obtained in a countercurrent of hot air, or alternatively using a trickle of glycerin on a suitable support and drying the glycerine against a current of hot air.
• the residual heat heat is systematically exhausted by ambient air.
• this residual heat can be used to create an air flow of 35 to 40 ° C which, introduced in a counter-current spray column, can dry the glycerin to more than 98% or 99%.
• a surplus of heat can be brought from the engine cooling device or by using the exhaust gases.
• the drying of glycerin also contributes to the precipitation of impurities, especially salts.
• impurities can be retained by any suitable filter, preferably filters whose filtration size is 1 micron, that is to say, whose pore size is 1 micron.
• the combustion of glycerin requires less air, nearly 10% less than that of fuel oil for example, which is why the amount of air admitted will provide a lower temperature than compression, resulting in poorer combustion.
• the amount of exhaust gas is lower, which increases the temperature of the exhaust gas and reduces the efficiency of the turbocharger.
• an excess of air, or compressed air, or pure oxygen, in addition to the combustion air is injected into the combustion chambers of the engine to ensure that the quantity gas to be compressed ensures optimum combustion.
• the compression temperature can be increased by increasing the compression ratio.
• the compression ratio can be mechanically modified by having a greater stroke of the piston, or by increasing the pressure of the combustion air at the inlet.
• An engine using glycerin as a fuel may further comprise bi-or tri-carburizing means. These bi-or tri-carburizing means make it possible to operate the engine either by using a conventional fuel in liquid form or by steam or gas, or by using the fuel according to the invention, or both simultaneously in variable proportion.
• the engine comprises means for preheating the fuel according to the invention, in order to reduce the viscosity of the fuel. fuel, so that the combustion chamber immediately allows combustion, and to allow the engine to start in "glycerin mode", the starter system being any system adequate for such a start.
• the bi-or tri-carburizing means can furthermore make it possible to start or stop the engine with a conventional fuel, and then to put the engine in "glycerin mode".
• Glycerine not chemically modified, being insoluble with diesel, biodiesel or with vegetable oils for example, injectors are added, and preferably, mounted in parallel within the pistons.
• the combustion chambers of the engine comprise a first series of injectors distributing the fuel according to the invention, a second series of injectors distributing a conventional fuel, of fossil or natural origin, and possibly a third series of injectors that can enrich the combustion mixture with a combustible gas or vapor.
• bi-or tri-carburizing means make it possible to use successively or simultaneously a conventional fuel (of fossil or natural origin) and the fuel according to the invention, without the fuels being mixed in the liquid phase.
• a conventional fuel of fossil or natural origin
• the fuel according to the invention without the fuels being mixed in the liquid phase.
• a gaseous or "semi-gas" phase namely in a mist of liquids
• a glycerol / hydrocarbon mixture is possible because, in the gaseous phase, glycerine is miscible with conventional fuel, whether it is for example diesel or vegetable oils.
• these bi-or tri-carburizing means are suitable for the use of glycerine and gas, for example natural gas or propane gas, but also any other compound having a sufficient vapor pressure.
• the bi-carburizing means may furthermore comprise, or consist of, an additional reservoir comprising the conventional fuel, a fuel filter dedicated to this fuel, as well as electric, pneumatic, electronic and / or manual means for successively using the fuel. conventional and the fuel according to the invention.
• These electrical, pneumatic, electronic and / or manual means are, for example, valves.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

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Citations (6)

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• 2007
  • 2007-07-06 EP EP07111985A patent/EP2011852A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2008
  • 2008-07-03 WO PCT/EP2008/058608 patent/WO2009007306A1/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (6)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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