EP2018238A1 - Insert de coupe et outil, se composant d'un porte-outil et d'un insert de coupe - Google Patents

Insert de coupe et outil, se composant d'un porte-outil et d'un insert de coupe

Info

Publication number
EP2018238A1
EP2018238A1 EP07722261A EP07722261A EP2018238A1 EP 2018238 A1 EP2018238 A1 EP 2018238A1 EP 07722261 A EP07722261 A EP 07722261A EP 07722261 A EP07722261 A EP 07722261A EP 2018238 A1 EP2018238 A1 EP 2018238A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting edge
plane
cutting
point
cutting insert
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07722261A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen ZASTROZYNSKI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kennametal Widia Produktions GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Kennametal Widia Produktions GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kennametal Widia Produktions GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Kennametal Widia Produktions GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2018238A1 publication Critical patent/EP2018238A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/04—Overall shape
    • B23B2200/0461—Round
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/08—Rake or top surfaces
    • B23B2200/086—Rake or top surfaces with one or more grooves
    • B23B2200/087—Rake or top surfaces with one or more grooves for chip breaking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
    • B23B2200/123—Side or flank surfaces curved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
    • B23B2200/125—Side or flank surfaces discontinuous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/20—Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23B2200/202—Top or side views of the cutting edge with curved cutting edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/28—Angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/28—Angles
    • B23B2200/286—Positive cutting angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2215/00—Details of workpieces
    • B23B2215/36—Railway wheels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2222—Tool adjustable relative to holder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • Y10T407/235—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges with integral chip breaker, guide or deflector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/24—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector
    • Y10T407/245—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector comprising concave surface in cutting face of tool

Definitions

  • Cutting insert and tool consisting of tool holder and cutting insert
  • the invention relates to a cutting insert with a support surface and a spaced therefrom rake face and at least one arranged by a positive clearance angle free surface, which form a circumferential round or polygonal cutting edge, and with at least one cutting edge point with a maximum distance to a plane in which the support surface is located , and at least one cutting edge point with a minimum distance from the same plane.
  • the above-described cutting inserts are among the so-called positive cutting inserts, which in a plan view may be circular, substantially triangular, quadrangular, in particular square, rhombic or rectangular.
  • the cutting edge is formed by the adjoining rake face and a single or multiple flanks.
  • the clamping surface is flat, d. H. the rake angle is 0 °.
  • Such cutting inserts in which adjoins the cutting edge on the rake face a falling edge, whereby a positive rake angle is formed.
  • the state of the art also includes wave-shaped cutting edges, which are followed by undulating chipboard sections.
  • cutting inserts To machine the running surfaces of railway wheels cutting inserts are used, which have a circular cutting edge of constant height and a constant positive clearance angle.
  • the frusto-conical cutting inserts are used for pi-turning the treads. After wear of the actively inserted cutting edge, the cutting inserts can be offset by a rotation angle of 90 ° or 120 ° in the tool carrier that depends on the original cutting depth are arranged, after which a new unused cutting edge area is made usable.
  • indexable inserts of the type described with a circular cutting edge at a constant height tend to oscillate in the machining operation, the so-called “chattering.”
  • chattering As a result of these uncontrolled oscillatory movements during machining, unevenness (chatter marks) is produced on the surface of the machined workpiece the machined workpiece, the life of such indexable inserts proves to be relatively low.
  • indexable inserts of the type mentioned in which the cutting edge or one of the cutting edges has a maximum and on both sides thereof each falling cutting edges up to a cutting edge minimum.
  • a partial lowering of the cutting edge on the existing clearance surface is such that the original cutting edge shape is changed.
  • tools are also known which are made of a tool holder with at least one recess for receiving and fixing a cutting insert of the type described above.
  • effective rake angle can be adjusted on the arrangement of the cutting insert in the tool holder, which can be changed by tilting the particular cutting insert in the axial and radial directions within limits.
  • the dependent claims describe further developments of the cutting insert according to the invention.
  • each cutting edge point but at least the cutting edge points with a minimum distance from the support surface or with minimum spacing of adjacent cutting edge points to the support surface at the intersection of a vertical envelope surface with a parallel plane to the support surface, wherein the vertical envelope surface arranged perpendicular to the support surface is formed by a family of mutually parallel vertical lines, which forms an ideal theoretical round or polygonal cutting edge curve in the plane parallel to the support surface in which the point lies at a maximum distance from the support surface plane.
  • the described geometry can be explained most simply on the basis of a positive cutting insert with a circular surface which is circular in plan view.
  • the curvature of the cutting edge is constructively changed with respect to a truncated cone shape so that the cutting edge extends at least two maxima with minima lying therebetween, the respective highest and lowest point of the cutting edge course determine the respective curvature of the cutting edge.
  • the cutting edge is not lowered in the desired minimums along the free surface, but vertical to the support surface, so that the rake face is widened in this lowered area relative to the original rake face.
  • the broadening dimension is greater the deeper the extent of the cutting point reduction is.
  • the other cutting edge points which occupy corresponding intermediate layers are structurally adapted to the curved course of the newly created cutting edge, with exactly one cutting edge acting as a circular cutting edge in the projection.
  • the effective cutting edge is extended compared to an indexable insert with a cutting edge extending in a single plane, cutting (without rattling) during machining is ensured.
  • the created workpiece surface is correspondingly smoother.
  • Periodic oscillations of the cutting insert or of the tool can only occur if all arbitrarily selected points on the cutting edge course occupy a situationally identical position in the chip formation process. This means that the cutting edge is simultaneously exposed to periodic loads in the chip forming phase and relievers in the shearing phase at all points in the cutting process. If the frequency of the period coincides with the natural frequency of the tool, strong vibrations occur, the aforementioned chattering. However, meet any points on the cutting edge course on different situations in the chip forming process, such vibrations are suppressed because the forces in the system overlap and at least partially compensate.
  • the cutting insert is characterized by an ideal, circular, substantially triangular, square or rhombic cutting edge profile. This means that the chosen design principle can not only be applied to circular cutting edges in the chip surface plane, but also to straight cutting edges.
  • the cutting insert according to the invention has at least one substantially round shape and at least two, preferably three cutting edge points with a maximum distance from the plane of the support surface. Between the cutting edge maxima are cutting edge minima. Further preferably, the shape of the cutting inserts (viewed in a plan view) is rotationally symmetrical. With two cutting edge maxima there is a 180 ° rotational symmetry, with three cutting edge maxima 120 ° rotational symmetry, etc.
  • the positive clearance angle is chosen in particular between 2 ° and 15 °, preferably up to a maximum of 10 °.
  • the measured in the direction of the bearing surface vertical distance of the point with maximum distance to the point with a minimum distance is at least 0.5 mm and / or a maximum of 3 mm, preferably a maximum of 2 mm.
  • the rake angles of the cutting insert may either be constant over the entire length of the cutting edge, in which case they are preferably 2 ° to 25 ° or vary along the cutting edge.
  • the annular, of the cutting edge farthest rake face area lies in a plane parallel to the support surface.
  • the only free surface can be formed as a truncated cone lateral surface at a constant angle or individual free surface areas as levels below the cutting edge.
  • the flank areas divide into two zones, one adjacent to the cutting edge and the other adjacent to the support surface.
  • the two open space zones enclose an angle ⁇ 180 °, i. H. in that the free area zone further away from the cutting edge is arranged at a larger clearance angle.
  • the invention further relates to a tool consisting of a tool holder with at least one recess for receiving and fastening a cutting insert with a support surface and a spaced therefrom rake face with at least one arranged at a positive clearance angle free surface, which form a circumferential, round or polygonal cutting edge, and with at least one cutting edge point, with a maximum distance from a plane in which the support surface is located, and at least one cutting edge point with a minimum distance from the same plane, wherein the cutting insert in the tool holder at an angle of attack axially and / or radially to the working surface of a workpiece or a tangential surface is inclined thereto.
  • each cutting edge point is the intersection of a vertical envelope surface with a plane parallel to a vertical plane to the working surface of a workpiece or to a tangential surface thereof, the vertical one Enveloping surface is arranged perpendicular to said vertical plane and is formed by a family of mutually parallel vertical lines, which forms an ideal theoretical round or polygonal cutting edge curve in the plane parallel to the vertical plane in which the point is at a maximum distance from the vertical plane.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cutting insert according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of the cutting insert of FIG. 2 and
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of the cutting insert of FIG. 2 on the rake face.
  • FIG. 1 The embodiment of the invention is most clearly visible with reference to FIG. 1, in which a frusto-conical cutting insert is assumed as the starting body, which has a flat rake face 10, a support surface 11 which is arranged parallel thereto, and an open space 12 arranged all around at a same clearance angle Has lateral surface of the truncated cone.
  • the cutting edge profile of such a cutting insert that defines the plane 10 is circular.
  • the number of maxima 13 in the cutting edge profile can be chosen arbitrarily, provided that a sufficiently long effective cutting edge is maintained.
  • the exact dimensions of the curvature of the cutting edge resulting from the constructive relationship which is determined by the highest point 13 and the lowest point 16 and 17 of the cutting edge profile. Placing a horizontal section immediately below the lowest point of the cutting edge plane, one obtains a convex, non-circular course of the outer contour, since the free surface point 21, which would have resulted in maintaining the free surface to the original extent, is shifted outwards to point 16.
  • the narrowest point of the outer contour coincides with the cutting maxima 13 and the farthest point of the outer contour coincides with the lowest point of the cutting edge (point 16) this section plane (parallel to the bearing surface) deviates from the ideal circular shape.
  • the above-described construction principle can be applied to any indexable insert with sloping cutting edges, including square, rectangular or rhombic indexable inserts.
  • the correction of the cutting edge ensures that even with falling cutting edges in the application, an exactly straight course of the cutting edge is generated.
  • Figs. 2 to 4 show a circular cutting insert in a plan view, which has three cutting edge maxima 13 and cutting edge minima lying therebetween.
  • the cutting edge is curved in space and is bounded by a circumferential free surface 22 at a positive clearance angle on the one hand and a continuously sloping rake face region 23 on the other.
  • the lower free surface area 24, which lies below the support surface 11, is inclined at a greater clearance angle than the free surface area 22.
  • the cutting insert has a central mounting hole 25 for receiving a clamping screw.
  • the dimension a, shown in FIG. 4, about which the cutting edge point 16 is spaced relative to the cutting edge point 13, shows the Absenkungshack. If one directs the construction of the cutting edge course on the basis of the maximum 13 and the lowering point 16, the deviation measure designated by b can be reduced from the ideal circular shape to a minimum (in the ⁇ m range).
  • the rake angle profile along the cutting edge depends on whether along the line 26 visible in FIG. 3, through which the end of the sloping rake face region 23 is determined, lies in one plane - in this case depending on the lowering of the cutting edge different rake angles along the cutting edge course - or the course of the curve 26 is adapted to the height profile of the constructed cutting edge course in space, so that the rake angles remain constant along the entire cutting edge.
  • the cutting insert is particularly suitable for longitudinal turning of plane surface. With a delivery of the cutting insert, the cutting edge regions first come into engagement with the workpiece by the maximum 13, after which the remaining regions successively follow the cutting edge profile along the cutting edge profile in accordance with the angle of inclination of the cutting edge. The cutting insert is thus more gently brought into engagement with the workpiece, as would be the case with a strictly frusto-conical cutting insert with a flat rake face.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un insert de coupe comprenant une face d'appui (11) et une face de coupe située à une certaine distance de la face d'appui, et au moins une face libre (12) disposée selon un angle libre positif, qui forment un bord de coupe périphérique rond ou polygonal. Ledit insert comprend également au moins un point de bord de coupe (13) à espacement maximal par rapport à un plan dans lequel la face d'appui (11) repose et au moins un point de bord de coupe (16, 17) à espacement minimal par rapport à ce même plan. Selon l'invention, l'emplacement géométrique de chaque point de bord de coupe, toutefois au moins du point de bord de coupe (16, 17) à espacement minimal et des points adjacents, est le point d'intersection d'une surface d'enveloppement verticale avec un plan parallèle à la face d'appui (11), la surface d'enveloppement verticale étant située perpendiculairement à la face d'appui et formée par un ensemble de lignes verticales parallèles les unes par rapport aux autres (18, 19) qui forme un trajet de courbe de bord de coupe rond ou polygonal théorique idéal dans le plan parallèle à la face d'appui (11), dans lequel se trouve le point (13) à espacement maximal par rapport au plan de la face d'appui.
EP07722261A 2006-05-18 2007-04-20 Insert de coupe et outil, se composant d'un porte-outil et d'un insert de coupe Withdrawn EP2018238A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006023740.4A DE102006023740B4 (de) 2006-05-18 2006-05-18 Schneideinsatz und Werkzeug, bestehend aus Werkzeughalter und Schneideinsatz
PCT/DE2007/000703 WO2007134561A1 (fr) 2006-05-18 2007-04-20 Insert de coupe et outil, se composant d'un porte-outil et d'un insert de coupe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2018238A1 true EP2018238A1 (fr) 2009-01-28

Family

ID=38234341

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07722261A Withdrawn EP2018238A1 (fr) 2006-05-18 2007-04-20 Insert de coupe et outil, se composant d'un porte-outil et d'un insert de coupe

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US8371774B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2018238A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009537335A (fr)
KR (1) KR20090019787A (fr)
CN (1) CN101437640B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0711374A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2646201A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006023740B4 (fr)
MX (1) MX2008014309A (fr)
RU (1) RU2433890C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007134561A1 (fr)

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US8371774B2 (en) 2013-02-12
KR20090019787A (ko) 2009-02-25
WO2007134561A1 (fr) 2007-11-29
US20090290946A1 (en) 2009-11-26
BRPI0711374A2 (pt) 2011-11-01
RU2433890C2 (ru) 2011-11-20
CN101437640A (zh) 2009-05-20
CA2646201A1 (fr) 2007-11-29
RU2008149931A (ru) 2010-06-27
CN101437640B (zh) 2012-03-28
MX2008014309A (es) 2008-11-18
DE102006023740B4 (de) 2017-05-11
DE102006023740A1 (de) 2007-11-22
JP2009537335A (ja) 2009-10-29

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