EP2018644A2 - Cellule photovoltaïque - Google Patents

Cellule photovoltaïque

Info

Publication number
EP2018644A2
EP2018644A2 EP07725175A EP07725175A EP2018644A2 EP 2018644 A2 EP2018644 A2 EP 2018644A2 EP 07725175 A EP07725175 A EP 07725175A EP 07725175 A EP07725175 A EP 07725175A EP 2018644 A2 EP2018644 A2 EP 2018644A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
cell according
dye
metal oxide
fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07725175A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Chabrecek
Egbert Figgemeier
Uwe Pieles
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sefar AG
Universitaet Basel
Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz
Original Assignee
Sefar AG
Universitaet Basel
Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sefar AG, Universitaet Basel, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz filed Critical Sefar AG
Publication of EP2018644A2 publication Critical patent/EP2018644A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2095—Light-sensitive devices comprising a flexible sustrate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
    • H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
    • H10K85/344—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising ruthenium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photovoltaic cell according to the preamble of the main claim, in particular a so-called.
  • a generic device is well known in the art and is often referred to as a Grätzel cell, according to the inventor of US 4,927,721, which discloses essential structural features and photovoltaic or chemical details of the present technology, which is believed to be generic.
  • the external electrodes are realized as thin, conductive glass substrates (to allow light to enter the cell), taking advantage of the effect that incident light excites an electron from the dye layer and enters the TiO 2 conduction band, resulting in a state of charge separation is reached.
  • the charge in the conduction band is then conducted via a load to the counter electrode, where a redox electrolyte is reduced, which in turn leads to the reduction of the (oxidized) dye.
  • the representation of FIG. 4 illustrates this basic process in a two-dimensional arrangement of sequence or geometry of the individual layers in the horizontal and the energy level in the vertical.
  • the titanium dioxide typically having a large effective surface area
  • a surface roughness of between about 20 and 200 defined as the ratio of an effective surface area with respect to the projected base area, eg by a nano-particulate structure
  • the titanium dioxide is in the inherent brittleness of the material, with the associated mechanical stability problem.
  • such a metal oxide layer adheres only poorly on a (conductive) polymer as a carrier substrate.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved photoelectric cell, in particular a solar cell of the DNSC type, which combines improved mechanical flexibility of the end product with favorable production properties, advantageous photoelectric properties and good long-term stability.
  • a cell is to create, which is potentially manufacturable for mass production with little effort and a high reproducibility of the photoelectric properties also outside the small series or laboratory environment allowed.
  • a fabric is used as the basis for the conductive substrate according to the invention (complementary or alternatively also for realization) the counterelectrode), this flexible fabric offering numerous surprising advantages for solving the above-mentioned problem: Even if the fibrous material should be used which itself is not transparent, the use of a tissue, more preferably a tissue with predetermined Breakthroughs and / or fabric gaps, an adjustable or predetermined and advantageous transparency of the carrier substrate and thus potentially also of the overall arrangement. Even a fabric as such already offers a potentially large effective surface area (for example, by means of the individual jacket surfaces).
  • the fiber-interwoven fibers so that, with subsequent coating of the (in turn high surface area) metal oxide semiconductor material, an effective total area exists as a basis for the overlying (preferably monomolecular) dye layer, thus - to realize one so far Unmatched high efficiency - efficiency and stability can be optimized.
  • the inherently high effective surface area of the fabric makes it possible to apply the metal oxide semiconductor material only very thinly, preferably nano-particulate and / or nano-structured in a further development, with correspondingly positive effects on the efficiency - a lower dark current through a shorter distance to the conductive layer of the substrate for the electron and improved mechanical stability due to less brittleness of the thin coating). Also, this configuration allows the effective use of a much wider range of suitable dyes (especially those with lower extinction coefficients).
  • the tissue used according to the invention allows numerous possible configurations in order to achieve these advantageous effects.
  • suitable copper, titanium or aluminum fibers can be used as examples of conductive fibers.
  • conductive layer may in turn be a (eg suitably doped) metal oxide, a metal or a conductive polymer. It is also particularly suitable to use the fabric itself in order to guide the lines required for feeding in or discharging the charges to corresponding terminal electrodes of the solar cell; According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, this is done by the fact that these leads in the form of metallic wires (which traditionally must be elaborately formed approximately on the conductive glass plates known solar cells) in the context of the development of the invention during the manufacture of the fabric with the other fibers are woven , In this way, in addition to favorable mechanical flexibility and connection properties, a favorable electrical contact is ensured (again with positive effects on the efficiency by reducing ohm 1 shear contact resistance).
  • nanostructured TiO 2 or ZnO is used as metal oxide semiconductor material, since the above-described optimization between mechanical stability and elasticity with the desired effective surface area can be achieved here.
  • this material dispersed in a suitable solvent, is also applied to the fabric by impregnation and pressed after drying (volatilization of the solvent).
  • suitable methods which produce a favorable connection with the tissue without adversely affecting it are, for example, sintering, the so-called sol-gel method or sputtering.
  • a thin dye layer is then applied to the composite of (conductive) fabric-based fabric substrate with metal oxide semiconductor layer, again by a suitable solution.
  • Ru-based metal complexes as also organic dyes, wherein in the context of the selection of the dye layer according to the invention ensures that the energy levels of the dye, the semiconductor and the electrolyte are coordinated with each other to run the desired photochemical and -elektrischen processes optimized.
  • a further, preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the electrolyte layer according to the invention (for example by using an acrylate resin or another, deformable and curable polymer) in a liquid or flow state, the deformation of the cells according to the invention in an almost arbitrary , allows the desired shape (in particular also for adaptation to an intended use environment, eg in the construction or building sector), whereupon this material is then hardenable and thus permanently fixes the shape in its design.
  • the electrolyte layer suitably comprises a solvent, a redox couple and, if appropriate, additives which, in the manner of the construction with glass-fiber reinforced plastics, can enable mechanically very stable units, at the same time realizing the photochemical or photoelectric properties of a DNSC solar cell.
  • a lateral light entry ie light input in the plane of the tissue
  • photoconductive fibers as fibers for the fabric or films or thin glass layers through which then end- or Light can be introduced on the face side and, after appropriate modification of the fibers or light guide, can emerge on the shell side into the further, photoelectrically active layers of the cell arrangement (according to the present invention, a conventional direction of the light input would otherwise occur from the side of the conductive carrier substrate which, particularly suitable by the tissue used according to the invention, suitably transparent).
  • the substrates used need not be transparent.
  • the encapsulation can be optimized, since, in principle, the light-introducing layer can have an arbitrary thickness, and it is also a suitable adjustment or control of the light entry wavelength possible.
  • the present invention in a surprisingly elegant and manufacturing technology favorable manner how flexible solar cells can be produced with favorable efficiency or efficiency properties and excellent mechanical stability, so that it is expected that numerous new applications for photovoltaic developed can be.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic, exploded sectional side view of the layer structure of the photovoltaic cell according to a first, preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram of the molecular structure of the dye used for the dye layer in the embodiment of Fig. 1 (N719);
  • FIG. 3 shows a current / voltage diagram to illustrate the electrical properties of the photovoltaic cell analogous to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram with an energy level and slice representation to illustrate the basic mode of operation of a DNSC.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 Since manufacturing aspects are important for achieving the desired properties, in the following description each effective layer according to FIG. 1 will be described and linked in connection with associated, particularly suitable production steps.
  • a metal oxide semiconductor layer of TiO 2 is applied to a thickness of 1 to 20 microns, for which purpose a 5 wt .-% Ti ⁇ 2 ⁇ solution in ethanol was sprayed onto the ITO-modified fabric and after the drying or evaporation of the solvent, the coating at a pressure of about 15000 min / cm 2 over a period of 10 sec. To 10 min. was charged.
  • Alternative ways of applying the semiconductor layer are (plasma) sputtering, corona + aerosol and screen printing.
  • the TiO 2 layer 16 is then provided with a light-absorbing dye layer 18 as a monomolecular layer.
  • the dyestuff N719 (Solaronix, CH-Arbonne), a ruthinium metal complex of the structural formula according to FIG. 2, was used, the application to the substrate coated with metal oxide semiconductor material taking place in that the PEEK TiO 2 substrate was placed in a 3 mmole dye solution for four hours.
  • a counter electrode 20 which in turn has a conductive PEEK / ITO substrate 22, 24 (about 100 nm), which on the conductor side with a platinum layer of conventional thickness is coated.
  • the platinization was carried out by introducing the counter electrode 20 into a 0.5 nM solution of H 2 PtCl 2 in 2-propanol for a few seconds. After removing the counter electrode from the solution, it was dried and heated at a temperature of 200 ° C. for 10 minutes.
  • Both the counter electrode 20 and the photoelectrically active substrate 10 each have an electrical input and output in the form of an electrical contact electrode 28 and 30, which is realized in the illustrated embodiment by silver paint, but also in other suitable ways, in particular by Weaving appropriate conductive fibers into the fabric 12, 22, may be realized.
  • These Feed lines 28, 30 are then used for external contacting of the solar cell in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded exploded view in schematic form
  • an electrolyte of the type PEG20000 (Aldrich) in combination with LiI (0.1 M) and I 2 ( 0.01 M) was used. Since PEG20000 is solid at room temperature, melting was required to mix with the active redox components.
  • the electrolyte was applied in liquid form to the active layer of the electrode 10 (i.e., the ink surface 18), and the counter electrode was set while the electrolyte was still liquid. After cooling and curing of the electrolyte, an adhesive bond of the entire layer arrangement was created, whereby care was taken that the contact electrodes 28, 30 did not come into contact with the electrolyte and that no short circuit occurs between the two electrodes.
  • the current / voltage diagram in FIG. 3 shows, between the no-load voltage and the short-circuit current, the electrical behavior of the photovoltaic cell thus produced under ambient light and room temperature.
  • the substrate may also consist of conductive material (AI fibers or optionally self-coated carbon fibers), with sufficient electrical conductor properties then the conductor layer 14 may be omitted.
  • This in turn may itself have a doped metal oxide to achieve the desired conductivity properties, as described in the exemplary embodiment, alternatively a metal (eg Ti or Al) or a conductive polymer (eg PDOT).
  • a metal eg Ti or Al
  • a conductive polymer eg PDOT
  • Another variant for realizing the (main) electrode is the use of the so-called Carbotex, a fabric offered by the company Sefar, CH-Thal, which has carbon-coated polyamide fibers and makes the ITO coating unnecessary by virtue of its conductivity properties ,
  • metal-free dyes are also possible, in the form of so-called organic dyes, such as AZO dyes, oligoenes, merocyanines or others.
  • a preferred development of the invention provides for providing the electrolyte layer 32 with acrylate resin, polyethylene oxide or polyethylene glycol, so that, in the manner of a procedure in the processing of glass fiber reinforced plastics, the solar cell arrangement of the described, inventive manner integral part from various object and / or construction projects, whereby flexibility in processing with thermal stability and rigidity can be advantageously combined with given transparency.
  • an alternative procedure for realizing the photovoltaic cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention is described as a sequence of the steps required or preferred according to the invention:
  • a tissue for electrode eg PEEK coated with ITO
  • the counter electrode eg Carbotex
  • a tissue for electrode eg PEEK coated with ITO
  • the counter electrode eg Carbotex
  • a tissue for electrode eg PEEK coated with ITO
  • the counter electrode eg Carbotex
  • tissue tape (1 x 4 cm format
  • the electrode fabric is placed on the adhesive surface or the aluminum foil, then folded over the supernatant section of the aluminum foil and pressed.
  • a fabric strip (PET 1000) is cut as intermediate fabric in dimensions of 0.8 x 4 cm.
  • Airbrush gun (model Double Action CI) sprayed (0.4 bar pre-pressure (argon), spray distance to the fabric about 10 cm, twice five spray cycles on one side). Between the spray cycles, the solvent is evaporated on the fabric in the argon stream of the gun.
  • the electrode assembly is light and moisture protected inserted for about 3 hours in this dye solution, then removed, washed with ethanol and about 1 min. dried in a stream of hot air.
  • the electrolyte is concentrated on a hotplate at 100 ° C. until it is barely flowable.
  • the counter electrode - when using a counter electrode from Carbotex (Fa. Sefar) may possibly be dispensed with a further coating - is placed on a glass base, the intermediate fabric (step a) in the heated electrolyte by immersion coated on both sides and placed on the counter electrode. The electrode is immersed 1 mm deep in the electrolyte and then placed on top. By resting the assembly (about 10 minutes), the curing of the electrolyte takes place, followed by a treatment in a stream of hot air (about 1 min.), So that residual solvent can evaporate.
  • the arrangement is at least partially translucent even after coating with non-transparent material; moreover, the realized flexibility allows virtually any fixing and curing on different shaped surfaces.
  • the metal oxide semiconductor layer (such as TiO 2 ) can be correspondingly thinner (and thus more flexible), with the further advantages of reduced delamination and less material consumption.
  • the electrical contacting or derivation is easily possible by means of (woven) or sewn-in threads, and the book structure which can be realized further opens up additional fields of application and application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une cellule photovoltaïque, en particulier une cellule solaire à colorant, composée d'un substrat support conducteur (10) sur lequel une couche de semi-conducteur à oxyde métallique (16) est appliquée, d'une couche de colorant (18) conçue pour coopérer électroniquement avec la couche de semi-conducteur à oxyde métallique, d'une couche d'électrolyte (32) appliquée sur la couche de colorant et d'une contre-électrode (20) connectée à la couche d'électrolyte. Selon l'invention, le substrat support et/ou la contre-électrode sont réalisés au moyen d'un tissu souple constitué d'une pluralité de fibres entrelacées.
EP07725175A 2006-05-18 2007-05-14 Cellule photovoltaïque Withdrawn EP2018644A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006023638A DE102006023638A1 (de) 2006-05-18 2006-05-18 Photovoltaische Zelle
PCT/EP2007/004256 WO2007134742A2 (fr) 2006-05-18 2007-05-14 Cellule photovoltaïque

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2018644A2 true EP2018644A2 (fr) 2009-01-28

Family

ID=38608038

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07725175A Withdrawn EP2018644A2 (fr) 2006-05-18 2007-05-14 Cellule photovoltaïque

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20090293950A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2018644A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP5244094B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006023638A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007134742A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

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GB0808038D0 (en) * 2008-05-02 2008-06-11 Power Textiles Ltd Improvements in and relating to textiles incorporating photovoltaic cells
DE102008033217A1 (de) * 2008-07-15 2010-01-21 Dritte Patentportfolio Beteiligungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co.Kg Solarpanel
SM200900035B (it) * 2009-05-07 2012-05-03 Antonio Maroscia Metodo per la realizzazione di un apparato fotovoltaico ed apparato fotovoltaico ottenuto con tale metodo
DE102009023901A1 (de) * 2009-06-04 2010-12-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Photovoltaisches Modul mit flächigem Zellverbinder
CN102372898A (zh) * 2010-08-20 2012-03-14 哈尔滨鑫达高分子材料工程中心有限责任公司 纳米ZnO填充改性PEEK薄膜及其制备方法
CN102295924A (zh) * 2011-07-12 2011-12-28 中国民航大学 一种无机/有机纳米复合发光材料的制备方法
SE537449C2 (sv) * 2012-04-04 2015-05-05 Exeger Sweden Ab En färgämnessensiterad solcell som innehåller ett poröst isolerande substrat samt en metod för framställning av det porösa isolerande substratet
RU2511146C1 (ru) * 2013-02-04 2014-04-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью научно-производственное предприятие "Плазма" ООО НПП "Плазма" Способ нанесения теплозащитного электропроводящего покрытия на углеродные волокна и ткани
WO2018078642A1 (fr) 2016-10-24 2018-05-03 Indian Institute Of Technology, Guwahati Dispositif de collecte d'énergie électrique microfluidique
SG11201903316PA (en) 2016-10-24 2019-05-30 Sceye Sarl Airship construction and method where a harness-structure is fastened around a hull.
EP4060699A1 (fr) * 2021-03-18 2022-09-21 Exeger Operations AB Cellule solaire et son procédé de fabrication
PL4060698T3 (pl) * 2021-03-18 2023-09-18 Exeger Operations Ab Ogniwo słoneczne zawierające wielość porowatych warstw i nośnik do przewodzenia ładunku penetrujący porowate warstwy

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US20030230337A1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2003-12-18 Gaudiana Russell A. Photovoltaic cells utilizing mesh electrodes

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DE3013991A1 (de) * 1980-04-11 1981-10-15 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Grossflaechige photovoltaische zelle
EP0859386A1 (fr) * 1997-02-17 1998-08-19 Monsanto Company Cellule photovoltaique
JP4438173B2 (ja) * 2000-04-04 2010-03-24 Ｔｄｋ株式会社 酸化物半導体色素結合電極および色素増感型太陽電池
SE0103740D0 (sv) * 2001-11-08 2001-11-08 Forskarpatent I Vaest Ab Photovoltaic element and production methods
JPWO2003103085A1 (ja) * 2002-06-04 2005-10-06 新日本石油株式会社 光電変換素子
JP2004134121A (ja) * 2002-10-08 2004-04-30 Toyota Motor Corp 酸化物半導体電極の製造方法
GB0319799D0 (en) * 2003-08-22 2003-09-24 Itm Power Ltd Photovoltaic cell
EP1533818A1 (fr) * 2003-11-14 2005-05-25 COMA Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH Cellule solaire photo-electrochimique
CN1969350B (zh) * 2004-06-15 2010-06-16 戴索有限公司 完全利用表面区域的光伏模组
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5244094B2 (ja) 2013-07-24
DE102006023638A1 (de) 2007-11-22
WO2007134742A2 (fr) 2007-11-29
US20090293950A1 (en) 2009-12-03
WO2007134742A3 (fr) 2008-02-14
JP2009537938A (ja) 2009-10-29

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