EP2029939A2 - Brennofen für feste brennstoffe - Google Patents
Brennofen für feste brennstoffeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2029939A2 EP2029939A2 EP07725110A EP07725110A EP2029939A2 EP 2029939 A2 EP2029939 A2 EP 2029939A2 EP 07725110 A EP07725110 A EP 07725110A EP 07725110 A EP07725110 A EP 07725110A EP 2029939 A2 EP2029939 A2 EP 2029939A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- recess
- burner plate
- nozzle upper
- cover surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
- F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
- F23B50/06—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
- F23B80/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for returning flue gases to the combustion chamber or to the combustion zone
Definitions
- the invention relates to a kiln according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention relates to a nozzle top according to the preamble of claim 1 1st
- Such furnaces in particular so-called wood gasification boilers, have the characteristic that they improve the energy yield as well as the pollutant content of the flue gases by means of secondary air.
- a burner of this type is known from EP 0 268 208 B1.
- This includes a combustion chamber, a burner plate designed as a burner brick and an afterburner chamber below.
- the burner block has an insert recess in which an insert part is inserted.
- openings are formed so that there is a through opening when inserted burner block.
- an annular channel is formed, so that an air path via a secondary air duct, the annular channel and the openings for the secondary air results.
- the air duct in the region of the opening is frustoconical, so that the radii decrease towards the post-combustion chamber.
- the combustion gases are also intensively intermixed with each other, so that intensive combustion occurs and there is improved oxidation in the combustion gas.
- the secondary air is supplied horizontally in this furnace.
- Another feststoffbefeuertes heater is described in DE 91 07 850 U.
- the device is divided into a combustion chamber and an ash storage room or a combustion chamber with a burner stone. In the area of the burner stone a truncated cone is present, are drawn through the combustion gases.
- This solution also has a secondary air duct.
- the secondary air is also supplied horizontally here.
- a boiler for burning solid fuels according to the so-called burn-through principle is improved in terms of pollutant formation and energy yield by providing a convective heating surface of the boiler or a heating gas outlet with an internally ribbed cylinder.
- an exhaust fan is used for intake.
- primary combustion air passes under a grate.
- the secondary air flows in via a burnout chamber.
- nozzles with frusto-conical cross section are required.
- an existing also made of sheet metal, welded or spread partition is used in a cavity of an inner hollow body.
- a heating device in which the energy yield is improved and the pollutant content of the pollutants is reduced disclosed in DE 44 35 748 C2.
- the flue gases are not derived directly to the environment but burned in a Nachbrennraum under secondary air supplied.
- the secondary air is supplied through a plurality of horizontal feed body, but the secondary air is fed vertically to these bodies.
- Each feed body is frusto-conical and protrudes into a side adjacent room, so that particularly easily turbulent eddy currents and good mixing of the flue gases with secondary air is achieved.
- nozzle tops which may be insertable into a first aperture disposed on the upper burner plate.
- the structure of such nozzle tops of the prior art is characterized in that they have a cover surface which is planar.
- the nozzle top could therefore also be referred to as a cover plate.
- a nozzle top substantially causes it to cover the burner hole, thus preventing uncontrolled falling of wood or charcoal pieces through the burner hole.
- nozzle tops are also referred to as a turbo disk. This name results from the slanted lamellae with which the nozzle top is provided and bring the wood gases with primary air in rotation and mix in the swirl chamber of the kiln with the secondary air.
- the invention has for its object to provide a kiln of the generic type in which in a simple manner, the energy yield further improved and in particular the pollutant content of the pollutants is further reduced. This object is achieved by a kiln with the characterizing features of claim 1 in conjunction with its generic features or with a nozzle top with the characterizing features of claim 11 in conjunction with its generic features.
- the inventive design of the kiln and the good thermal conductivity of metal particles and gases are burned much better with the help of the secondary air. Due to the relatively low mass of the thin-walled nozzle insert in conjunction with the high thermal conductivity rapid heating of the nozzle part is achieved, which can achieve good combustion values after a few minutes after lighting the furnace.
- a good oxidation and reduction of pollutants is achieved without the principle of a horizontal gas inlet of the burner must be left and without a complex furnace construction.
- the nozzle top is vertical and located directly under the embers, which creates a very high temperature of the nozzle top, but also the nozzle part and thus optimum combustion values.
- An assembly is also very simple, since the nozzle top, for example, can be easily inserted into the opening of a burner plate and fastened there.
- the installation of the nozzle part is also very simple, since an installation space was created by the division of the burner plate in an upper burner plate and a lower burner plate, which also serves to supply the secondary air.
- the covering surface of the nozzle upper part has recesses and / or elevations. Characterized in that the cover surface of the nozzle upper part recesses and / or elevations, the planar part of the covering surface is reduced.
- This step or step acts as a spring between the planar part of the surface and the surfaces of the depressions or elevations, which results in certain elasticities within the covering surface of the nozzle upper part.
- the nozzle upper part and the nozzle part consists of sheet metal material.
- this material offers high resistance to fire and, on the other hand, is easy to process. It is also inexpensive.
- Sheet metal has even proved to be more durable than chamotte, because due to the high and rapid temperature changes thermal stresses occur, which are only tolerated by sheet longer term.
- the nozzle part is provided with circumferential window-like air inlet openings, through which the secondary air enters the nozzle part.
- the air inlet openings need not be present directly on the nozzle part.
- the nozzle part is provided with external profiles, in particular provided with air guide fins or with guide elements for swirling the secondary air.
- the louvers are shaped or positioned so that a rotational movement of the air and thus a complete combustion is achieved.
- the burner plate made of stone, in particular of firebrick. Due to the material combination achieved (sheet / chamotte) creates a favorable temperature distribution, with a long shelf life of both materials is given.
- the burner plate can be water cooled.
- the nozzle top is formed with a peripheral edge web and a truncated cone and mounted on fins, so that an annular gap is formed with inlet openings between the fins. This allows a controlled gas entry.
- the burner plate is provided with an upwardly directed collar on which the lamellae of the nozzle upper part are mounted.
- This existing heel is raised so that ash is up to the annular gap or slot on the burner chamber floor and is not immediately entrained. This further reduces the dust emission.
- the ash also forms an insulating layer opposite the burner plate. This burner plate is thus less burdened by heat.
- the paragraph can also be made of metal as a ring and integrally formed on the nozzle top.
- the collar can be releasably up or used.
- the nozzle part consists of a nozzle upper part which can be inserted into a first aperture arranged on the upper burner plate and consists of a nozzle lower part, which can be placed on a second burner plate arranged on a second opening.
- This solution is very easy to install, because both parts can be prefixed to the respective openings.
- the nozzle top can also be made differently than the lower part.
- the upper part may be formed as a casting, while the lower part may be a deep-drawn part.
- the wall thicknesses of both parts can also be individually duel, so that the mechanical strength and thermal conductivity of the nozzle part can be optimized.
- the top can be thicker and more stable, while the bottom can be very thin.
- the special inventive design of the nozzle top is particularly advantageous.
- peripheral edge with the lamellae arranged thereon and the central truncated cone a particularly good adaptability to the thermal loads is achieved.
- a corresponding expansion which is not limited by the bearing over the slats.
- due to the geometry during expansion and subsequent cooling a certain shrinkage sets in, which could lead to cracking.
- the combination of the peripheral edge in the form of a ring in connection with the truncated cone leads to a stress compensation and a material displacement, so that cracking is avoided.
- a very rapid heating of the nozzle part which is important for optimum exhaust gas and heating values, can be achieved if the wall thickness of the nozzle part is less than 5 mm, in particular 1-3 mm.
- the elevation is a downwardly projecting truncated cone with a circumferential collar or the elevation is arranged centrally of the cover surface, wherein the elevation is formed integrally with the cover surface and formed in the shape of a hollow hemisphere.
- a practicable variant of the invention also provides that the depression is formed centrally of the covering surface, wherein a hollow pyramidal formation extends upwards in the depression. Also can the elevation may be formed centrally of the cover surface, wherein the elevation may take the form of a hollow closed cylinder.
- nozzle upper part according to the invention may be such that the recess is arranged centrally of the cover surface, wherein the recess is in the form of an open hemisphere or round, wherein the rounded recess has a bottom.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective sectional view of a portion of a burner plate of a wood gasification boiler
- Fig. 2 a conventional nozzle top
- FIG. 3 to Fig. 8 in perspective views and perspective sectional views of various embodiments of the nozzle upper part according to the invention
- FIG. 1 shows internal parts of a solid fuel kiln. This is preferably designed as HolzvergaserWhokessel.
- the boiler is provided with a combustion chamber 6 and an upper burner plate 12 below the fuels, not shown.
- the boiler comprises a primary air feed 1 and a secondary air feed 2.
- the burner plate 12 has an opening 3 for the afterburning of fuel gases of the fuels or wood pieces. In the area or above the opening 3 are glowing Holzstü bridge.
- the opening 3 is covered up to an annular gap 17 by a nozzle upper part 10.
- the secondary air (8a) is supplied horizontally through the secondary air supply 2.
- the nozzle part 5 is also made in two parts. Below the upper burner plate 12 is at a distance another plate so that two plates are present, namely an upper burner plate 12 and a lower burner plate 13. Between the two plates 12, 13 flows horizontally, the secondary air (8a). The afterburned gases are guided and discharged through an afterburner chamber 4 located below the lower burner plate 13.
- the opening 3 is followed by a thin-walled nozzle part 5, which can also be referred to as a burner pot.
- the nozzle part 5 tapers in cross section from the combustion chamber 6 in the direction of the afterburning chamber 4.
- the nozzle part 5 has in principle the form of a funnel or hollow truncated cone.
- the secondary air 8a passes through gas inlet openings into the interior of the nozzle part 5, where it is swirled and mixes with the gases or particles to be combusted.
- the nozzle part 5 made of fire-resistant metal, in particular sheet metal.
- the wood embers disposed above the nozzle part 5 very quickly heat the nozzle part 5 and thus also the secondary air 8a, so that an optimal afterburning and a low environmental load are given.
- nozzle part 5 Above the nozzle part 5 are formed in the annular gap in a circumferential edge web 8 window-like air inlet openings 7, through which the secondary air 8a enters the nozzle part 5.
- the window-like openings 7 need not be formed directly by the nozzle part 5. You can, for example, by tooth-like webs at the bottom the burner plate 12 are formed, wherein tooth spaces form the air inlet openings 7.
- the nozzle part 5 is preferably equipped with outer profiling, not shown, in particular air guide fins or vanes.
- outer profiling not shown, in particular air guide fins or vanes.
- the turbulences created in this way ensure more effective combustion.
- the burner plate 12 is preferably made of stone. But it can also consist of another heat-resistant material such as metal, in particular sheet metal.
- the upper burner plate 12 is provided with an upwardly directed collar 9. This is practically out of the burner plate 12, as the figure shows.
- the nozzle upper part 10 On the collar is the nozzle upper part 10, which is insertable into the arranged in the upper burner plate 12 first opening 3, wherein the nozzle member 5 as a nozzle lower part 11 surrounds a arranged on the lower burner plate 13 second aperture 14.
- the nozzle upper part 10 does not have to be connected directly to the nozzle base 11.
- the wall thickness of the nozzle part 5 is less than 5 mm, in particular 1-3 mm.
- the nozzle top 10 has a wall thickness of 2 mm while the nozzle base has a wall thickness of 1 mm.
- the nozzle upper part 10 which can also be referred to as a turbo disk, is funnel-shaped with a downwardly projecting truncated cone with a peripheral edge, under which disks 16 are supported as a support. and air guide elements are formed, which are arranged in the annular gap 17 through which the fuel gases from the combustion chamber 6, together with the primary air, enter the nozzle part 5.
- the lamellae 16 are preferably arranged not radially but slightly obliquely in order to improve the swirling.
- the fins 16 bear on the collar 9 and carry the nozzle upper part 10. Between the fins 16, the inflow openings 18 are formed for the fuel gas and primary air mixture.
- the nozzle base 11 is approximately funnel-shaped and has at its upper end also a circumferential, outwardly directed web 15 on which the openings 7 between the upper burner plate 12 and this web 15 are arranged.
- Exhaust gas recirculation can reduce the proportion of nitrogen oxides by cooling the flame and avoiding the development of excessive levels of nitrogen oxide.
- 13 inflow openings 19 are formed in the bottom region of the nozzle part 5 and in the lower burner plate 13. The exhaust gas enters an inner space 20 of the nozzle portion 5 and flows out through discharge ports 21 and mixes with the fuel gas, the primary air and the secondary air 8a in the flow area of the nozzle portion 5.
- FIG 2a shows in perspective and Figure 2b in a perspective sectional view of a nozzle top 22 according to the prior art.
- the nozzle upper part 22 has a planar covering surface 23 with a cross-sectional extension.
- the fins 16 are formed as support and air guide elements in the edge region.
- the fins 16 may in principle be arranged radially, but they are preferably arranged not radially but slightly obliquely to improve the turbulence.
- the cover surface 23 has a circular shape.
- FIGS. 3 to 8 show various embodiments of the nozzle upper part according to the invention both in perspective views and in perspective sectional views.
- All embodiments of the nozzle upper part 10 according to the invention have in common that the covering surface 23 recesses 24 or elevations 35 has. It is also conceivable that the covering surface 23 of the nozzle upper part 10 has both recesses 24 and elevations 35.
- the nozzle upper part 10 according to the invention also has lamellae 16, which are arranged below the cover plate 23 in the edge region of the cover plate 23.
- the lamellae 16 can in principle be arranged radially.
- the lamellae 16 are arranged slightly obliquely in order to improve the turbulence here as well.
- the recess 24 may have a downwardly projecting truncated cone 26 with a peripheral edge 27 as a planar part of the cover surface 23 and the recess 24 integrally formed with the planar part of the cover 23.
- the elevation 35 may be centrally located the Abcleckplatte 23, which has a cross-sectional extension 32, wherein the elevation 35 in the form of a hollow hemisphere 28 is formed (Fig. 4).
- FIGS. 6a and 6b a further embodiment of the nozzle upper part 10 according to the invention provides that the Recess 24 is arranged centrally of the cover surface 23, wherein the recess 24 is formed round.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 Further embodiments of the nozzle upper part according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the depression 24 is formed in the center of the covering surface 23.
- a hollow pyramidal molding 30 which extends upward.
- the formation 30 has a number of isosceles triangles 33, 34 which terminate in a common point and serve as side surfaces of the formation 30.
- an embodiment of the nozzle top part 10 according to the invention provides that the elevation 35 is formed centrally of the covering surface 23 and is in the form of a hollow cylinder which terminates with a surface 25 (FIG. 8).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202006007860U DE202006007860U1 (de) | 2006-05-15 | 2006-05-15 | Brennofen für feste Brennstoffe |
| PCT/EP2007/004190 WO2007131718A2 (de) | 2006-05-15 | 2007-05-11 | Brennofen für feste brennstoffe |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2029939A2 true EP2029939A2 (de) | 2009-03-04 |
| EP2029939B1 EP2029939B1 (de) | 2011-08-31 |
Family
ID=37068346
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07725110A Active EP2029939B1 (de) | 2006-05-15 | 2007-05-11 | Brennofen für feste brennstoffe |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2029939B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE522772T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE202006007860U1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2007131718A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202007009295U1 (de) * | 2007-07-03 | 2007-10-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Festbrennstoff-Heizkessel |
| AT506229B1 (de) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-07-15 | Franz Simbuerger | Holzgasofen |
| CN103411237B (zh) * | 2013-08-27 | 2016-09-14 | 徐万友 | 一种带有气化筒的节能环保采暖炉 |
| DE102014001785B4 (de) * | 2014-02-12 | 2018-05-30 | Dbfz Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum Gemeinnützige Gmbh | Kleinstfeuerungsanlage für biogene Festbrennstoffe |
| CN104896527A (zh) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-09 | 刘铁军 | 一种民用气化燃烧炊事取暖炉 |
| CN105910095A (zh) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-08-31 | 郭志男 | 一种锥形炉膛 |
| DE102017206493A1 (de) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Düsenblock zur Eindüsung von Sekundärluft in eine Brennkammer eines Festbrennstoff-Heizkessels sowie Brennkammer und Brennersystem |
| EP3492814B1 (de) | 2017-12-04 | 2021-08-25 | Aico S.p.A. | Biomasseoven mit gesenkten emissionen |
| IT202000003050A1 (it) * | 2020-02-17 | 2021-08-17 | Mcz Group S P A | Braciere |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE8630875U1 (de) * | 1986-11-18 | 1987-01-29 | Künzel, Haiko, 2084 Rellingen | Brenner für einen feststoffbefeuerten Kessel |
-
2006
- 2006-05-15 DE DE202006007860U patent/DE202006007860U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2007
- 2007-05-11 WO PCT/EP2007/004190 patent/WO2007131718A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-05-11 EP EP07725110A patent/EP2029939B1/de active Active
- 2007-05-11 AT AT07725110T patent/ATE522772T1/de active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2007131718A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE202006007860U1 (de) | 2006-09-21 |
| WO2007131718A2 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
| ATE522772T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
| WO2007131718A3 (de) | 2008-03-13 |
| EP2029939B1 (de) | 2011-08-31 |
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