EP2046313A1 - Utilisation de naphtoquinones dans le traitement et la lutte contre le diabète, la résistance à l'insuline et l'hyperglycémie - Google Patents

Utilisation de naphtoquinones dans le traitement et la lutte contre le diabète, la résistance à l'insuline et l'hyperglycémie

Info

Publication number
EP2046313A1
EP2046313A1 EP07769053A EP07769053A EP2046313A1 EP 2046313 A1 EP2046313 A1 EP 2046313A1 EP 07769053 A EP07769053 A EP 07769053A EP 07769053 A EP07769053 A EP 07769053A EP 2046313 A1 EP2046313 A1 EP 2046313A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
derivative
glx
oxidase
nad
insulin resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07769053A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2046313A4 (fr
Inventor
Mona Wilcke
Bo Svensson
Björn Walse
Tore Bengtsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Glucox Biotech AB
Original Assignee
Glucox Biotech AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Glucox Biotech AB filed Critical Glucox Biotech AB
Publication of EP2046313A1 publication Critical patent/EP2046313A1/fr
Publication of EP2046313A4 publication Critical patent/EP2046313A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/12—Ketones
    • A61K31/122—Ketones having the oxygen directly attached to a ring, e.g. quinones, vitamin K1, anthralin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/365—Lactones
    • A61K31/366—Lactones having six-membered rings, e.g. delta-lactones
    • A61K31/37—Coumarins, e.g. psoralen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to naphthoquinon derivitives and closely related compounds or tautomers or stereoisomeric forms thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of metabolic disorders mediated by insulin resistance or hyperglycaemia, comprising diabetes type 2, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypertension and the metabolic syndrome (also known as syndrome X).
  • the invention also relates to compositions comprising a naphthoquinone derivative, a fiavone derivative, warfarin or dicumarol, as an anti-diabetic agent, and to methods for prophylaxis or treatment of the above-mentioned medical conditions.
  • Type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes
  • type 2 insulin- independent diabetes
  • Glucose enters the bloodstream after a meal, and the body's normal response is to release insulin from the pancreas. Insulin then acts as a key, opening cells to allow glucose in from the bloodstream. Once inside the cells, the glucose turns into energy that the body needs in order to function normally.
  • Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin, usually because of autoimmune destruction.
  • Type 2 diabetes which 90 percent of all diabetes patients suffer from, develops when muscle, fat and liver cells fail to respond normally to insulin. This failure to respond is called insulin resistance. The pancreas initially compensates for this by increasing the insulin output. However, over time these cells "burn out” and become unable to produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels, indicating a serious and dangerous progression to type 2 diabetes.
  • Hyperglycemia is a condition in which the blood contains an abnormally high level of glucose. If not controlled, high blood glucose levels can damage blood vessels, preventing oxygen and other essential nutrients from reaching vital areas. This can cause complications affecting serious functions and body organs, including the kidneys, the circulation system, the nerves and the eyes.
  • Chronic hyperglycaemia is the main cause of increased oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes patients.
  • the over-production of Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS, and nitric oxide radicals leads to the damage of many cellular compounds including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
  • a growing body of research data demonstrates signs of increased oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. It is likely that the oxidative stress is contributing to many of the vascular complications occurring in the late stages of the disease, but the evidence for oxidative stress as a causative factor in the development of insulin resistance and deterioration of beta cell function is still lacking.
  • Methods for treating type 2 diabetes typically include lifestyle changes, especially diet and exercise, as well as the administration of insulin or oral medications to help the body with the glucose administration. Most drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes do not contain insulin, and the pancreas still has to make insulin in order to function efficiently. In time, people with type 2 diabetes develop "beta-cell failure" or the inability of the pancreas to release insulin in response to high blood glucose levels. These people often require insulin injections, in combination with oral medications, or just insulin to manage their diabetes.
  • the many medicaments used in the treatment of diabetes comprise for example the following compounds: sulfonylurea, which lowers blood glucose by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin; biguanides, which improve insulin's ability to move glucose into cells, especially muscle cells, and prevent the liver from releasing stored glucose; thiazolidinediones, which improve insulin resistance in muscle cells and in fat tissue, lower the amount of glucose released by the liver, and make adipocytes more sensitive to the effects of insulin; alpha-glycosidase inhibitors, which block enzymes that help digest starches, slowing the rise in blood glucose; and meglitinides, which lower blood glucose by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin.
  • sulfonylurea which lowers blood glucose by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin
  • biguanides which improve insulin's ability to move glucose into cells, especially muscle cells, and prevent the liver from releasing stored glucose
  • thiazolidinediones which improve insulin resistance in muscle cells and in
  • Naphthoquinones and derivatives thereof are known, and in some cases also in connection with the reduction of blood glucose levels.
  • One derivative, Shikonin has been shown to yield increase in glucose uptake in fat and myocardic cell cultures.
  • it has not been known that it could be implicated in insulin-resistance or improvement in blood hyperglycemia.
  • some of these known derivatives may have the stated effect, or at least some effect, many of said derivatives also exhibit toxic properties. Therefore, there is a need for treatments comprising alternative compounds that are both efficient as well as non-toxic.
  • the present invention meets this need by providing selected effective and non-toxic naphthoquinone (also called naphthalenedione) derivatives and closely related compounds such as fiavone derivatives, warfarin, dicumarol, which increase glucose uptake and decrease blood glucose levels in a treated subject.
  • naphthoquinone also called naphthalenedione
  • closely related compounds such as fiavone derivatives, warfarin, dicumarol
  • said compounds may be used in a method of preventing, postponing, or treating conditions characterized by hyperglycemia, and metabolic disorders mediated by insulin resistance or hyperglycaemia, comprising type 2 diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, diabetes-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, microangiopathy, diabetic retinopathy and the like, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the metabolic syndrome (syndrome X).
  • type 2 diabetes inadequate glucose tolerance
  • insulin resistance diabetes-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, microangiopathy, diabetic retinopathy and the like
  • obesity polycystic ovary syndrome
  • SCOS polycystic ovary syndrome
  • this invention relates to anti-diabetic derivatives, and tautomers and stereoisomeric forms, of 1 ,4-naphthoquinones and closely related compounds such as fiavone derivatives, warfarin, dicumarol and 1 ,2-naphtoquinone, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, such as a hydrochloride, e.g. a salt of the carboxy group thereof.
  • 1 ,4-naphthoquinone affect Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production or inhibits electron transfer in fiavone binding proteins by inhibiting the production of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide.
  • ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Said anti-diabetic compounds of the invention can also be combined with alkylating agents, intercalating agents, metal coordination complexes, pyrimidine nucleosides, purine nucleosides, inhibitors of nucleic acid-associated enzymes and proteins, and agents affecting structural proteins and cytoplasmic enzymes.
  • Allopurinol is for example known to inhibit the formation of ROS by xantine oxidase, a fiavone binding enzyme.
  • a combination of 1 ,4-naphthoquinones compounds and allopurinol is expected to have a synergistic effect on inhibition of NADH/NADPH containing enzymes (fiavone binding enzymes) producing ROS.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may also comprise inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase including statins such as lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, or other inhibitors of ROS- producing enzymes, such as gliotoxin and phenothiazines such as phenothiazine, trifluroperazine, avastatin, valsartan and/or a derivative of any one of the above-mentioned compounds or known inhibitors or antagonists of the ROS generating enzyme NAD(P)H- oxidase e.g. apocynin.
  • statins such as lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, or other inhibitors of ROS- producing enzymes, such as gliotoxin and phenothiazines such as phenothiazine, trifluroperazine, avastatin, valsartan and/or a derivative of any one of the above-mentioned compounds or known
  • inhibitors or antagonists of NAD(P)H-oxidase are those selected from the group consisting of pyridine, imidazole, diethylpyrocarbonate, chloromercuribenzoic acid, 4- (2-aminomethyl)-sulfonyl fluoride and acetovanillone, including derivatives thereof.
  • the inhibitor or antagonist is e.g. a compound having an inhibitory effect on the ROS-generating activity of the mitochondrial respiratory complex 1-4, NAD(P)H oxidase or the NAD(P)H oxidase complex.
  • the inhibitor or antagonist could exert its effect by interacting with the active site or a regulatory site, or both sites, of the NAD(P)H oxidase.
  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to the present invention, or a salt of said compound, and any pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, buffers or excipients.
  • the compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may be used in the manufacturing of a medicament for prophylaxis or treatment of the above-mentioned medical conditions.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a naphtoquinone derivative or a tautomer or a stereoisomeric form thereof comprising a compound of the general formula (1)
  • Rl represents hydrogen, hydroxy, methyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2,2- dimethylpropyl, methoxy, chloro, nitrilo, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 3-methyl-2- butenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl or l-acetyl-4-methyl-3-pentenyl
  • R2 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, chloro, nitrilo, 4-nitrophenyl or 3- methyl-2-butenyl, or Rl and R2, taken together, form a phenyl ring,
  • R3 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy, acetyl, amino, nitro or toluensulfonyl and R4 represents hydrogen or hydroxyl with the proviso that Rl and R2 are not simultaneously chloro when R3 and R4 are hydroxy.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a fiavone derivative or a tautomer or a stereoisomeric form thereof comprising a compound of the general formula (2)
  • Rl represents hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy or isopropoxy
  • R2 represents hydrogen or hydroxy
  • R3 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy or isopropoxy
  • R4 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy or isopropoxy
  • R5 represents hydrogen or methoxy
  • the present invention relates to the use of warfarin, dicumarol and 1,2- naphtoquinone having the following structures:
  • the compounds according to the present invention are believed to change the ROS levels produced from NAD and FAD binding proteins particularly xantine oxidase, the mitochondrial respiratory complex, the enzyme NAD(P)H- oxidase , oxidoreductase, and NAD(P)H-ubiquinone Examples
  • Example 1 Increase of glucose uptake in rat skeletal muscle cells.
  • Naphthoquinone and naphthalenedione derivatives thereof increase glucose uptake in rat skeletal muscle cells.
  • Cell culture medium fetal bovine serum, antibiotics, trypsin-EDTA were purchased from Life Technologies, bovine insulin and bovine serum albumin were purchased from Sigma.
  • 2- Deoxy-[ 3 H] glucose was purchased from NEN Life Science Products.
  • Tissue culture plastics were purchased from Becton Dickinson.
  • Rat skeletal muscle L6 cells were grown in minimal essential medium ( ⁇ -MEM Glutamax I) containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 37. degree. C, 5% CO. The cells were passaged three times a week by treatment with trypsin-EDTA and transfer of 1/3 of the cells to new flasks with fresh culture medium. For differentiation into myotubes, 30,000 cells were seeded in 1 ml in 24-well plates. When the cells were confluent, usually after 3 days, the medium was replaced by differentiation medium consisting of ⁇ -MEM, 2% fetal bovine serum and penicillin/streptomycin at a concentration of 100 U/ml and 100 ⁇ g/ml, respectively. The medium was replaced every 2 days. The cells were differentiated for 7-8 days before being used in experiments.
  • ⁇ -MEM Glutamax I containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 37. degree. C, 5% CO.
  • the cells were passaged three times a week by treatment with trypsin-EDTA and transfer of 1/3 of
  • the wells were emptied and 0.5 ml prewarmed PBS without Ca.sup.2+/mg.sup.2+ containing 1 ⁇ Ci/ml radioactive 2-deoxy-glucose added. After 10 min at 37. degree. C, the wells were emptied and washed three times with cold PBS. The cell monolayer was solubilized in 0.5 ml 0.5 M NaOH for 30 minutes at 60 degrees temperature. 500 microliter was mixed with 4 ml scintillation fluid (Optiphase, Wallac) and counted in a scintillation counter (Packard TriCarb).
  • FIG. 1 shows results for GLX-OlO; similar results were obtained for the other compounds of the invention. This increase is comparable to that caused by insulin. This effect is seen when cells are stimulated with 0.1-10 micromolar Naphthoquinone and Naphthalenedione derivatives for 2-20 h.
  • Naphthoquinone and Naphthalenedione derivatives enhances a constitutive activity of the insulin receptor and/or the intracellular insulin-signaling pathway.
  • Control untreated cells
  • Insulin cells treated with insulin for 1 h
  • Drug cells treated with 1 mmolar of Naphthoquinone and Naphthalenedione derivatives for 20 hours.
  • Example 3 Animal studies of effect on type 2 diabetes Studies were conducted in vivo, in an animal model of obesity characterized by insulin- resistance, described as ob/ob mice. Ob/ob mice of about 15 weeks were obtained from TACONICS, Copenhagen, DENMARK. The animals were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) once daily with 8-hydroxy-2-methyl-l,4- naphtoquinone (10 mg/kg) or DMSO with 10% olive oil, for 4 days. On day 4, after the last injection, their blood glucose levels were monitored for 3 h by sampling from the tail. The glucose concentration was determined using a Glucometer AccuCheck (Roche). Without any overt side effects of the drug treatment, the treated animals exhibited significantly lower blood glucose levels than the control group 1-3 h after the last injection, showing a decrease in blood glucose levels ( Figure 3).
  • the software QikProp (from Schrodinger) was used to make rapid ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) predictions of the compounds according to the present invention. This is important in order to get a general idea about membrane passage and oral availability of the compounds. These results, together with a number of other predicted ADME properties that were found, indicated that the membrane permeability and human oral absorption was predicted to be high. The human oral absorption would most likely be above 50%.
  • GLX008 and GLXO 18 was predicted to have a lower membrane permeability and around 50 % human oral absorption.
  • Example 5 Biological in vivo assay. Experimental model of type 2 diabetes (oral postprandial glycemia in GK- rats) and insulin resistance.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des dérivés de la naphtoquinone et des composés étroitement associés ou des tautomères ou des formes stéréoisomères de ces derniers, qui sont destinés à la prophylaxie ou au traitement de troubles métaboliques médiés par la résistance à l'insuline ou l'hyperglycémie, y compris le diabète de type 2, la tolérance inadéquate au glucose, la résistance à l'insuline, l'obésité, le syndrome de la polykystose ovarienne, l'hypertension et le syndrome métabolique. L'invention se rapporte également à des compositions renfermant un dérivé de la naphtoquinone, un dérivé de la flavone, de la warfarine ou du dicumarol comme agent antidiabétique, et à des procédés de prophylaxie ou de traitement des états médicaux précités.
EP07769053A 2006-07-10 2007-07-06 Utilisation de naphtoquinones dans le traitement et la lutte contre le diabète, la résistance à l'insuline et l'hyperglycémie Withdrawn EP2046313A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0601503 2006-07-10
SE0602611 2006-12-04
PCT/SE2007/050507 WO2008008033A1 (fr) 2006-07-10 2007-07-06 Utilisation de naphtoquinones dans le traitement et la lutte contre le diabète, la résistance à l'insuline et l'hyperglycémie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2046313A1 true EP2046313A1 (fr) 2009-04-15
EP2046313A4 EP2046313A4 (fr) 2012-01-25

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EP (1) EP2046313A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008008033A1 (fr)

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JP6280050B2 (ja) * 2012-12-26 2018-02-14 中島　利博 肥満症予防又は治療剤，リウマチの予防又は治療剤
US20150344404A1 (en) * 2012-12-26 2015-12-03 The Kitasato Institue Pdk4 inhibitor and use thereof
KR101760565B1 (ko) 2015-06-10 2017-07-31 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 Tenc1의 활성 억제제를 유효성분으로 포함하는 당뇨병성 근위축증의 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물
KR102034243B1 (ko) * 2016-07-05 2019-10-21 바스테라 주식회사 에피디티오디옥소피페라진 화합물 또는 이의 유도체, 또는 이들의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염을 포함하는 폐동맥고혈압 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물
KR102032739B1 (ko) * 2018-01-31 2019-10-16 한림대학교 산학협력단 신규한 크리신 유도체 화합물을 유효성분으로 포함하는 당뇨합병증의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물
CN116869980A (zh) * 2023-08-01 2023-10-13 中国药科大学 胡桃醌在制备治疗和/或预防脂质代谢异常疾病药物中的应用

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2046313A4 (fr) 2012-01-25
WO2008008033A1 (fr) 2008-01-17

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