EP2059486A2 - Glasschmelzung unter verwendung von schwefel - Google Patents
Glasschmelzung unter verwendung von schwefelInfo
- Publication number
- EP2059486A2 EP2059486A2 EP07823763A EP07823763A EP2059486A2 EP 2059486 A2 EP2059486 A2 EP 2059486A2 EP 07823763 A EP07823763 A EP 07823763A EP 07823763 A EP07823763 A EP 07823763A EP 2059486 A2 EP2059486 A2 EP 2059486A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- amount
- expressed
- sulphate
- sulphide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 title 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 alkaline-earth metal sulphate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012681 fiber drawing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- VDQVEACBQKUUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M disodium;sulfanide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[SH-] VDQVEACBQKUUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100069231 Caenorhabditis elegans gkow-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001640117 Callaeum Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007500 overflow downdraw method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/004—Refining agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/002—Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
Definitions
- the invention relates to the melting of glass, in particular of fiber-transformable glass, in the presence of sulphide as a foaming reducing agent.
- Sulfate is commonly used as a melting agent for silica in the process of melting glass. Sulphate facilitates the melting of silica and reduces the proportion of unmelted silica grains in the final glass, called "unmelted".
- an alkaline oxide such as Na 2 O (in silicosodium-calcium glasses) makes the sulfate soluble in the melted composition. As a result, this sulfate decomposes moderately (low SO3 production) during the smelting process.
- a vitrifiable composition comprising 0.6% by weight of initial sulphate can result in a glass finally containing 0.3% by weight of residual sulphate.
- alkaline oxide Some applications, such as some electronic components, are incompatible with the presence of alkaline oxide in the glass. In particular, standards require less than 2% by weight of alkaline oxide.
- the manufacture of a silicosodocalcic glass does not give rise to any foaming by decomposition of the sulphate above 1300 ° C. It has already been proposed to use a mixture of sulphate and sulphide as a silicosodocalcic glass refining agent.
- the refining agent is used to increase the volume of the bubbles produced during the melting to increase them faster, without creating new ones. Part of the gaseous SO2 used to swell the bubbles to be removed is emitted during the fusion phase by reaction between the sulphate and the silica, the sulphide acting as an accelerator of this reaction.
- the refining is important for the silicosodocalcic glass which is then transformed into flat or hollow glass.
- Glasses intended for fiberizing are not particularly refined and the manufacturing furnaces are not followed by refining compartment.
- a poor quality of refining of the glass can cause the breakage of the filaments, in particular fine filaments.
- the recipe usually followed by the glassmakers is to incorporate into the vitrifiable mixture a mixture of sulphate and a reducing element such as carbon.
- the refining quality required for fiber glass is less than that of a flat glass.
- This sulphate of alkali or alkaline earth also plays the role of flux.
- a film of foam is formed on the surface of the bath.
- This foam is a real insulator that curbs heat exchange between overhead burners and glass.
- the power of the air burners can not be increased enormously because the thermal limit of the furnace structure (refractory degradation temperature) is quickly reached.
- the presence of foam makes it necessary to compensate for the lack of heat transfer from the air burners to the glass bath by increasing the heating power supplied in the bath itself, under the foam, for example by means of electrodes embedded in the liquid glass.
- electric heating even if its efficiency is excellent, is very expensive compared to heating by combustion of fossil material, for a given amount of energy transmitted to the glass.
- the invention therefore relates to a process for manufacturing a glass, especially intended to be fiber, by melting vitrifiable materials at more than 1300 ° C. comprising silica and an alkali or alkaline earth sulfate, characterized in that a sulphide is added to the vitrifiable materials in order to reduce the formation of foam (which can be measured by its height) at more than 1300 ° C.
- the invention relates to glasses which foam at more than 1300 ° C. by decomposition of the sulfate so that a fusion method identical to that of the invention but without the addition of sulfide leads to a higher foam height than that obtained with the method according to the invention.
- the sulphide is that of a metal such as Na, Ca, Zn, Mo, Cd.
- the sulphide can therefore be chosen from the following sulphides: Na 2 S, CaS, ZnS, MoS 2, CdS.
- the sulfide can be a mixture of several metal sulfides.
- the addition of sulphide to vitrifiable materials may be accompanied by the addition of other materials, provided that these other materials are compatible with the process of melting and the composition of the final glass. It turns out that slags from blast furnaces in steelmaking can be very suitable materials for glass and can also be an interesting source of sulphide.
- a slag is from the outset a partially vitrified material, generally containing oxides such as CaO, Al 2 O 3, SiO 2 and MgO and melting quite easily, which is advantageous.
- the sulphide can be introduced into vitrifiable materials in the form of slag.
- a standard composition of slag is for example:
- the introduction of the sulphide in the form of slag generally provides an energetic gain to fuse the glass, said gain coming mainly from the heating of the gases. Indeed, the slag causes very little fire loss by nature. The slag also gains heat of reaction because it is partially vitrified.
- the material added to the vitrifiable mixture as a sulphide source preferably has a fairly fine particle size and is preferably preferably free of particles larger than 400 ⁇ m and even free of particles larger than 300 ⁇ m and even so preferred free from particles larger than 200 ⁇ m.
- the reactivity of the sulphide with the sulphate of the vitrifiable mixture is indeed related to its particle size.
- the sulphide should be free of large refractory grains (such as silicon carbide, corundum ...), grains that melt with difficulty during the fusion and therefore are sources of breakages in fiber drawing.
- the amount of sulphide provided is sufficient so that the height of the foam is significantly reduced, or even completely eliminated, compared to the same melting process without the addition of sulphide.
- the person skilled in the art is in the habit of expressing the amounts of sulphate or sulphide in SO3 equivalent by weight or by mol. This is the amount of SO2 (or initial SO3 equivalent) that can be generated by the compound after oxidation.
- SO2 or initial SO3 equivalent
- one mole of Na2S equals one mole of SO3 because the oxidation of one mole of Na2S leads to the formation of one mole of SO 2 (Na 2 S + 3/2 O 2 -> SO 2 + Na 2 O).
- one mole of MoS 2 corresponds to two moles of SO3.
- the amount of sulphide expressed as SO3 is generally less than 50%, and preferably less than 30% and generally less than 25% of the amount of alkali or alkaline earth sulphate, in particular Na 2 SO 4 or CaSO 4 , expressed as SO3 (in mole or in weight, it is the same here).
- the amount of sulfide expressed as SO3 is generally greater than 5%, and preferably greater than 10% by mole of the amount of alkali or alkaline earth metal sulfate expressed as SO3.
- the alkali or alkaline earth sulphate may be sodium sulphate or calcium sulphate.
- the amount of alkali or alkaline earth sulphate added to batch materials is generally greater than 0.03% (expressed as SO3 weight) of the total final glass mass and is generally less than 1.2% (expressed as by weight of SO3) of the total mass of final glass. This amount is generally from 0.1 to 1, 2 and preferably from 0.2 to 1% (expressed by weight of SO 3) of the total mass of final glass.
- the glass in particular the glass E within the meaning of the standard, C or SD 578: 2000 in melt concerned by the present invention forms above 1300 ° C. a foam with a height of minus 1, 2 cm, see at least 2 cm, even at least 3 cm, or even at least 5 cm.
- the presence of the sulphide makes it possible to reduce this height by at least 10%, or even by at least 20%, or even by at least 30%.
- a foam is an agglomeration of gas bubbles separated by a thin wall of liquid whose thickness is much smaller than the diameter of the bubbles. Maximum foam heights were compared, since during a batch melting process, the foam height may vary.
- the glasses concerned by the present invention are those giving rise to an important formation of foam by decomposition of alkali or alkaline-earth metal sulphate at more than 1300 ° C. during the melting process.
- it may be E glass within the meaning of ASTM D 578: 2000, glass AR (that is to say resistant to alkalis) according to DIN 1259-1, glass C at meaning of D578: 2000 and S-glass within the meaning of D578: 2000.
- All these glasses are silicate glasses with a silica content generally less than 70% by weight and more generally less than 69% by weight. They are fibrable by the known means when they are passed through orifices (extrusion through dies, extrusion / drawing by rotating fiber plates, etc.). In particular, they can be converted into fiber directly after melting and without a refining compartment between the melting furnace and the fiberizing device.
- the invention also relates to a process for the continuous preparation of glass fibers comprising the melting of said glass in a melting furnace by the melting method according to the invention, then the transformation into fiber of said glass in a fiber-drawing device, without solidification of the glass between the oven and the fiberizing device.
- this process requires no refining compartment between the oven and the fiberizing device.
- a 0.4 m 2 furnace is available for melting vitrifiable materials. This oven is equipped with 8 oxgen / fuel gas burners providing a total of 90 to 130 kW and 2 zones of electric boosting bringing a total of 12 kW.
- Table 1 indicates the vitrifiable materials introduced into the oven to finally obtain 100 kg of glass. The quantities introduced exceed 100 kg because of the gas flows.
- alkaline oxide Na 2 O + K 2 O + Li 2 O
- Example 1 The tests were carried out at a constant rate of 15 kg / hour, at constant vault temperature (1580 ° C.), and at constant hearth temperature (1350 ° C. in the middle of the oven). From Example 1 to Example 4, the sulphide content was increased and the energetic control of the power of the burners and electric powers was adjusted to keep the vault and hearth temperatures constant. The power of the overhead burners was first set to maintain the constant vault temperature, and then the electrical power was adjusted to the desired hearth temperature.
- Table 3 gives the energy gain calculated on the heat of manufacture of the glass by introducing slag taking into account the heat of melting slag.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0653616A FR2905693B1 (fr) | 2006-09-07 | 2006-09-07 | Fusion du verre en presence de sulfure |
| PCT/FR2007/051866 WO2008029054A2 (fr) | 2006-09-07 | 2007-09-03 | Fusion du verre en presence de sulfure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2059486A2 true EP2059486A2 (de) | 2009-05-20 |
Family
ID=37733703
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07823763A Withdrawn EP2059486A2 (de) | 2006-09-07 | 2007-09-03 | Glasschmelzung unter verwendung von schwefel |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090277227A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2059486A2 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2905693B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008029054A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130072371A1 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2013-03-21 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Method of, and apparatus for, using a glass fluxing agent to reduce foam during melting of glass batch |
| CN110540360A (zh) * | 2018-05-29 | 2019-12-06 | 潍坊奥华环保新材料科技有限公司 | 一种炼铁高炉热熔渣加电弧炉生产岩矿棉制品的工艺 |
| US11697608B2 (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2023-07-11 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Selective chemical fining of small bubbles in glass |
| US11440829B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 | 2022-09-13 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Utilization of sulfate in the fining of submerged combustion melted glass |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USRE26328E (en) * | 1962-03-20 | 1968-01-02 | Glass melting method | |
| GB1141525A (en) * | 1966-04-04 | 1969-01-29 | Calumite Co | Manufacture of amber glass |
| US3511629A (en) * | 1966-12-01 | 1970-05-12 | Fmc Corp | Method for refining glass with a metal sulfide frit |
| US3615767A (en) * | 1970-01-20 | 1971-10-26 | Fmc Corp | Glass manufacture employing sodium sulfite |
| US5352258A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-10-04 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Production of glass fibers from scrap glass fibers |
| US7823417B2 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2010-11-02 | Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc | Method of manufacturing high performance glass fibers in a refractory lined melter and fiber formed thereby |
-
2006
- 2006-09-07 FR FR0653616A patent/FR2905693B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-09-03 WO PCT/FR2007/051866 patent/WO2008029054A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2007-09-03 US US12/439,930 patent/US20090277227A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-09-03 EP EP07823763A patent/EP2059486A2/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008029054A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2008029054A3 (fr) | 2008-04-24 |
| FR2905693B1 (fr) | 2009-06-26 |
| US20090277227A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
| WO2008029054A2 (fr) | 2008-03-13 |
| FR2905693A1 (fr) | 2008-03-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2001515453A (ja) | ガラス化可能物質の溶融及び清澄方法 | |
| KR100856813B1 (ko) | 급속 유리 용융 또는 예비-용융 | |
| KR920003941B1 (ko) | 글래스 섬유 조성물 | |
| EP2697178B1 (de) | Verfahren zur künstlichen hergestellung von glasfasern | |
| EP4330203B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von glasfasern aus unbehandelten mineralmaterialien | |
| JP2015514655A (ja) | ガラス、ガラスセラミックを製造するための方法ならびにそれらの使用 | |
| WO2009118180A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for making a mineral melt | |
| WO2009064548A1 (en) | Composition and method of making a glass product with reduced greenhouse gas emission | |
| US20150225274A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for forming man-made viterous fibres | |
| EP2059486A2 (de) | Glasschmelzung unter verwendung von schwefel | |
| US20150274578A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for forming man-made viterous fibres | |
| US20150232363A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for forming man-made viterous fibres | |
| EP4251576A1 (de) | Verfahren zur behandlung von glasabfall | |
| JP2015509476A (ja) | ガラス、ガラスセラミックスを生成するための方法、およびその使用 | |
| JPH10273332A (ja) | 都市ゴミ焼却灰溶融スラグを主原料とした高強度ロッ クウールおよびその製造方法 | |
| WO2022229570A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication de laine minerale a partir de matieres minerales non transformees | |
| EP0041003B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schaumglasgegenständen | |
| EP4330201A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von e-glasfasern aus unbehandelten mineralmaterialien | |
| RU2239758C1 (ru) | Способ горячего ремонта огнеупорной футеровки тепловых агрегатов методом керамической наплавки и керамическая наплавленная масса | |
| JPH0524871B2 (de) | ||
| WO2024106273A1 (ja) | ガラスの製造方法 | |
| FR2749523A1 (fr) | Procede de vitrification des fibres de l'amiante et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre | |
| WO2026013125A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication de fibres de verre a partir de calcin de verre bouteille | |
| FR3160693A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication de fibres de verre a partir de matieres minerales incluant de l’hydroxyde de sodium anhydre | |
| JP2001139340A (ja) | ロックウールの製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20090211 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA HR MK RS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20090616 |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: OCV INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL, LLC |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20120807 |