EP2062961A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von partiell vergasbaren Feststoffen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von partiell vergasbaren Feststoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2062961A1
EP2062961A1 EP07466024A EP07466024A EP2062961A1 EP 2062961 A1 EP2062961 A1 EP 2062961A1 EP 07466024 A EP07466024 A EP 07466024A EP 07466024 A EP07466024 A EP 07466024A EP 2062961 A1 EP2062961 A1 EP 2062961A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
partially
solid material
reaction zone
gasifiable
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07466024A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tadeás Ochodek
Jan Najser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VSB-Technical University of Ostrava
Original Assignee
VSB-Technical University of Ostrava
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VSB-Technical University of Ostrava filed Critical VSB-Technical University of Ostrava
Priority to EP07466024A priority Critical patent/EP2062961A1/de
Publication of EP2062961A1 publication Critical patent/EP2062961A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C10J2300/0989—Hydrocarbons as additives to gasifying agents to improve caloric properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1693—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with storage facilities for intermediate, feed and/or product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1869—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being air, oxygen or ozone

Definitions

  • the invention refers to the method of gas production from at least partially gasifiable solid material and the device for the implementation of this method and it solves especially the production of gas intended for the use as a fuel for spark-ignition combustion engine or for turbine for driving of an electric generator, or the production of gas as resource for chemical production.
  • reactors with fixed bed, fluidized bed, or entrained flow reactors which have the reaction zone, separated from the surrounding atmosphere are used for gasification of fuels and wastes for the purpose of production of an energetically or chemically utilizable gas.
  • gasification of biomass fossil fuels, sorted municipal solid waste and similar matters
  • the disadvantage of the gas being produced is its insufficient purity that causes complications during subsequent processing.
  • the gas produced by such technique has generally a higher content of tar compounds and solid particles, which are unacceptable for gas use in recent equipments.
  • the removal of solid particles from the produced gas does not represent any major technical problem
  • the removal of condensable components e.g. tars
  • the temperature of the produced gas does not reach at least 800°C
  • the basis of the method is that the first portion of particles of at least partially gasifiable solid material is piled inside the reaction zone into a fixed bed of at least partially gasifiable solid material, whereas the other portions of at least partially gasifiable solid material are continually and/or by pulse procedure introduced under the surface of this fixed bed.
  • the particles creating the fixed bed of at least partially gasifiable solid material are transported from the inside of this fixed bed towards periphery of it, and at the same time, they are exposed to the influence of gasification agent, which is introduced into the reaction zone.
  • the gasification agent penetrates at least partially under the surface of the fixed bed of at least partially gasifiable solid material.
  • Particles of at least partially gasifiable solid material which reached the surface of the fixed bed of at least partially gasifiable solid material pass into the fluidized bed due to flow of gases and/or to the outlet of the nongasified residue due to gravity. Particles that remain in fluidized bed are exposed further to the influence of gases that are present in the reaction zone until the conversion of these particles into the produced gas and the non-gasified residue.
  • Non-gasified residue is removed from the reaction zone separately and/or it is carried out by the produced gas.
  • gasified liquid is introduced additionally into the reaction zone.
  • at least one compound, selected from the group: at least partially gasifiable material, gasification agent, gasified liquid is preheated before its introduction into the reaction zone.
  • the basis of the device, formed by the reactor, into the reaction zone of which the inlet of at least partially gasifiable solid material, at least one inlet of gasification agent, an outlet of the produced gas and an outlet of the non-gasified residue are introduced is that a part of the reaction zone is formed by a space for forming the fixed bed of at least partially gasifiable solid material, into which the inlet of at least partially gasifiable solid material is introduced.
  • the rector involves further at least one grid located between the reaction zone and the outlet of non-gasified residue.
  • at least one inlet of gasified liquid is introduced into the reaction zone.
  • an equipment for preheating of at least partially gasifiable material is located in the inlet of at least partially gasifiable material, the equipment for preheating of gasification agent is located in the inlet of the gasification agent, and the equipment for preheating of gasified liquid is located in the inlet of gasified liquid.
  • the reaction zone is surrounded by the thermal insulation that is resistant to the temperature of 1600°C.
  • the Advantage of this method according to the invention is, that using of this method enables an ecological transformation of raw material and waste into further utilisable material.
  • the advantage of the device, according to the invention is the possibility to optimize the process control by accurate dosage of the gasified substance, and the possibility to reach temperature of the produced gas within the range of 600 and 1200°C, which allows an effective catalytic destruction of organic compounds.
  • Another advantage relating to the produced gas is a low content of impurities that could condense when cooled down, e.g. tars, and therefore a subsequent cleaning method of the gas is not expensive.
  • the reaction zone 2 is situated inside the reactor 1.
  • the reaction zone 2 is surrounded by thermal insulation 15 , which is covered by the steel casing 16 from the outside of the reactor 1.
  • the grid 10 with the shape of annulus is located.
  • Vertically oriented screw conveyor 17 passes through the centre of the grid 10 and is driven by a driving mechanism 19 that represents the inlet 3 of at least partially gasifiable solid material from the storage hopper 18 into the reaction zone 2.
  • Lower part of the reaction zone 2 is the space 7 for forming the fixed bed 8 of at least partially gasifiable solid material.
  • inlets 4 of the gasification agent are introduced equidistantly around the circumference of the reactor 1 .
  • Inlets 4 of the gasification agent are fitted by the equipment 13 for preheating of the gasification agent.
  • the outlet 5 of the produced gas is located at the upper part of the reaction zone 2.
  • the produced gas is made by gasification of a mixture of wood chips and sorted communal waste.
  • Particles 9 of at least partially gasifiable solid material are placed in the storage hopper 18 , from where they are transferred by the screw conveyor 17 to the space 7 for forming the fixed bed 8 of at least partially gasifiable solid material.
  • the space 7 for forming the fixed bed 8 of at least partially gasifiable solid material is filled with particles 9 by the screw conveyor 17 at first, whereupon blowing of the gasification agent consisting of a mixture of air with pure oxygen, preheated to temperature of 500°C, is started into the fixed bed 8 of at least partially gasifiable solid material.
  • a spontaneous ignition of particles 9 of at least partially gasifiable solid material occur around the inlets 4 of the gasification agent into the reaction zone 2.
  • the other potions of the particles 9 of at least partially gasifiable solid material are added by the screw conveyor 17 with continuous run to the space 7 for forming the fixed bed 8 of at least partially gasifiable solid material.
  • the new added particles 9 drive gradually the particles 9 transferred sooner into the reaction zone 2 out from the centre of the reaction zone 2 to the periphery of the fixed bed 8 of at least partially gasifiable solid material.
  • the gasification agent starts to be enriched by water vapour.
  • the gasification of the particles 9 occours, whereas the smaller particles of the non-gasified residue are carried out from the reaction zone 2 through the outlet 5 of the produced gas, together with the produced gas and the heavier particles of the non-gasified residue fall down through the grid 10 to the outlet 6 of the non-gasified residue.
  • the produced gas contains followed significant fraction: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and water vapour. Since virtually all nitrogen presented in the produced gas came from the gasification agent, which is the air, the content of nitrogen is, thanks to the addition of oxygen in the gasification agent, lower than it would be in the case of using only air as the gasification agent.
  • reaction zone 2 is situated inside the reactor 1 , according to the example 2, the reaction zone 2 is situated.
  • Reaction zone 2 is surrounded by the thermal insulation 15 , which is from the outside of the reactor 1 covered by the steel casing 16 .
  • the circular grid 10 is situated at the lower part of the reaction zone 2 .
  • Diagonally oriented screw conveyor 17 is driven by driving mechanism 19 and passes through sidewall of the reactor 1 .
  • the screw conveyor 17 represents the inlet 3 of at least partially gasifiable solid material from the storage hopper 18 to the reaction zone 2.
  • the screw conveyor 17 is fitted with the equipment 12 for preheating of at least partially gasifiable solid material.
  • the lower part of the reaction zone 2 represents the space 7 for forming the fixed bed 8 of at least partially gasifiable solid material.
  • inlets 4 of the gasification agent are introduced into the space 7 for forming the fixed bed 8 of at least partially gasifiable solid material. Further, to the space 7 for forming the fixed bed 8 of at least partially gasifiable material, second inlet 20 of gasified liquid is introduced. Second inlet 20 of gasified liquid is fitted with the equipment 14 for preheating of gasified liquid. The first inlet 11 of the gasified liquid is introduced into the reaction zone 2 above the space 7 for forming the fixed bed 8 of at least partially gasifiable solid material. The outlet 5 of the produced gas is located in the upper part of the reaction zone 2.
  • the produced gas is made by gasification of wood pellets of cylindrical shape, with diameter 0,8 cm and length 3 cm, that have been produced by pressing of wood saw dust remained after cutting of chipboard.
  • Saw dust contain, except wood, also binders, which were used in production of chipboard.
  • air at ambient temperature e.g. 20°C
  • the process is initiated by ignition of the first batch of pellets using a burner, which is not shown in the drawing, the wood pellets are dosed periodically to the reaction zone based on a signal from sensors, measuring the height of the fixed bed 8 of at least partially gasifiable solid material.
  • Thermal balance in the reaction zone 2 is increased by preheating of at least partially gasifiable solid material to temperature 400°C.
  • the production according to the example 2 differs from the production according to the example 1 in that the gasified liquid is additionally, introduced into the reaction zone 2 through two inlets 11, 20 of gasified liquid, which is waste oil from a food production.
  • the part of the waste oil which is introduced in the fluidized bed has the ambient temperature, 20°C in this case, whereas the part of oil which is introduced into the fixed bed 8 of at least partially gasifiable solid material is preheated, prior the entering into the reaction zone 2, to the temperature within the interval from 100 to 200° C.
  • the produced gas contains the same gases as the gas produced according to the example 1, however the content of nitrogen is higher than it was at the gas produced according to the example 1.
  • the invention is possible to use wherever it is appropriate to convert the combustible solid material to flammable or chemically treatable gas, especially in disposals of wood-based wastes, cellulose-based wastes and plastic wastes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP07466024A 2007-11-23 2007-11-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von partiell vergasbaren Feststoffen Withdrawn EP2062961A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07466024A EP2062961A1 (de) 2007-11-23 2007-11-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von partiell vergasbaren Feststoffen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07466024A EP2062961A1 (de) 2007-11-23 2007-11-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von partiell vergasbaren Feststoffen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2062961A1 true EP2062961A1 (de) 2009-05-27

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EP07466024A Withdrawn EP2062961A1 (de) 2007-11-23 2007-11-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von partiell vergasbaren Feststoffen

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5026403A (en) * 1983-09-28 1991-06-25 Michel Kim Herwig Three stage process for producing producer gas from combustible waste products
US5026204A (en) 1989-11-29 1991-06-25 Traffix Devices, Inc. Traffic control element and method of erecting and stabilizing same
CZ285142B6 (cs) 1998-02-20 1999-05-12 Škoda Ts A.S. Generátor na zplyňování biomasy
WO1999035214A1 (en) 1998-01-09 1999-07-15 Greenpower Engineering & Technologies S.A. A process and apparatus for treating solid fuel materials
US6120567A (en) 1985-06-11 2000-09-19 Enviro-Combustion Systems Inc. Method of gasifying solid organic materials
US20040107638A1 (en) 2002-05-22 2004-06-10 Nexterra Energy Corporation Apparatus and method for gasifying solid organic materials
WO2006056053A1 (en) 2004-11-23 2006-06-01 Kenneth Davison Method and apparatus for gasifying solid organic materials using a side feed/centre ash dump system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5026403A (en) * 1983-09-28 1991-06-25 Michel Kim Herwig Three stage process for producing producer gas from combustible waste products
US6120567A (en) 1985-06-11 2000-09-19 Enviro-Combustion Systems Inc. Method of gasifying solid organic materials
US5026204A (en) 1989-11-29 1991-06-25 Traffix Devices, Inc. Traffic control element and method of erecting and stabilizing same
WO1999035214A1 (en) 1998-01-09 1999-07-15 Greenpower Engineering & Technologies S.A. A process and apparatus for treating solid fuel materials
CZ285142B6 (cs) 1998-02-20 1999-05-12 Škoda Ts A.S. Generátor na zplyňování biomasy
US20040107638A1 (en) 2002-05-22 2004-06-10 Nexterra Energy Corporation Apparatus and method for gasifying solid organic materials
WO2006056053A1 (en) 2004-11-23 2006-06-01 Kenneth Davison Method and apparatus for gasifying solid organic materials using a side feed/centre ash dump system

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