Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
  • C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
  • C09B67/0083—Solutions of dyes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
  • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
  • B43K1/00—Nibs; Writing-points
  • B43K1/12—Writing-points comprising fibres; Felt pads
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
  • C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
  • C09B67/008—Preparations of disperse dyes or solvent dyes
  • C09B67/0082—Preparations of disperse dyes or solvent dyes in liquid form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/16—Writing inks
  • C09D11/17—Writing inks characterised by colouring agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
  • C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
  • C09D11/328—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
  • C09D11/36—Inkjet printing inks based on non-aqueous solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D15/00—Woodstains
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
  • C09D17/003—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints containing an organic pigment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
  • C09D7/40—Additives
  • C09D7/41—Organic pigments; Organic dyes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/003—Marking, e.g. coloration by addition of pigments
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
  • C10M171/007—Coloured or dyes-containing lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
  • C10L1/1857—Aldehydes; Ketones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/223—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/226—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond, e.g. azo compounds, azides, hydrazines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/232—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
  • C10L1/2431—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10L1/2437—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
  • C10L1/301—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
  • C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/20—Colour, e.g. dyes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to liquid dye formulations that include liquid solvent dyes in non-petroleum based solvent systems such as vegetable oil esters.
• Liquid Dye formulations or colorants have widespread commercial uses.
• certain dye formulations are particularly useful, for example, writing inks (e.g ., soft tip markers), printing inks (e.g ., in ink-jet printers) and color coding various petroleum fractions for tax purposes, octane/cetane levels and to monitor levels of fuel additives.
• Liquid dyes have become commercially popular due to their high tinctorial strength (i.e ., the amount of color per unit colorant) and ease of handling at the point of application versus powder dyes.
• Liquid solvent dyes generally have a tar like consistency at room temperature.
• viscosity depressant solvent systems are used to dilute these solvent dyes for manufacturing commercially viable dye formulations.
• a dye is a substance that imparts color when dissolved in a substrate (i.e ., the product that is dyed).
• Solvent dyes are soluble in a variety of substrates but insoluble in water. Some of the substrates they are used to color are organic solvents, hydrocarbon fuels, waxes, lubricants and plastics. Their molecules are typically nonpolar or of minimal polarity, and they do not undergo ionization. As defined in Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Eleventh Edition, Solvent dyes are organosoluble dyes.
• xylene mixed and single isomers
• high flash aromatic solvents hydro-treated light naphthenic distillates
• hydro-treated light naphthenic distillates have been the solvents of choice for oil soluble applications (e.g. , petroleum-based applications).
• oil soluble applications e.g. , petroleum-based applications.
• alcohols, straight and branched chain, glycols, glycol ethers, Mineral Spirits and NMP i.e ., N-Methyl Pyroldinone
• NMP i.e ., N-Methyl Pyroldinone
• Liquid dye formulations have typically used solvents that are amenable to their end use application.
• An example of this is Solvent Red 164 diluted with mineral oil. This is sold as Navipol Red 164 HF as well as other commercial brands.
• One of its principal uses is the coloration of automotive transmission fluid (i.e ., substrate) to detect leaks in automobile transmissions.
• mineral oil is the solvent of choice due to its likeness to the substrate and its compatibility with automotive gaskets and seals.
• viscosity depressant solvents were chosen based on their usefulness in the specific end use application and their acceptable solubility and liquid stability to the dye formulation. Thus, their toxicity as well as their impact on the environment was secondary to their functionality.
• the present invention is a dye formulation that uses vegetable oil esters as viscosity depressant solvents.
• the present invention is a formulation of commercially available liquid solvent dyes in less toxic non-petroleum based solvent systems.
• the present invention is a low-sulfur containing dye formulation that meets EPA's mandate of 15 PPM or less of sulfur content.
• the present invention is a method of coloring a substrate using the dye formulation that includes vegetable oil ester solvent systems.
• the present invention is a method of using the present dye formulation for printing and other writing purposes.
• the present invention is a method of using the present dye formulation for tagging substrates.
• the invention embraces dye formulations according to claim 1 that include non-petroleum based solvent systems such as vegetable oil esters. Embodiments of the dye formulations are described in claims 2-9.
• the present invention is a low-sulfur containing dye formulation that includes vegetable oil esters as solvents for commercially available liquid solvent dyes.
• vegetable oil refers to oil extracted from the seeds, fruit, or nuts of plants and generally considered to be mixture of mixed glycerides.
• Vegetable oil esters are derived by esterification of vegetable oils. During the esterification process, the fatty acids of vegetable oils undergo esterification reaction. This process uses alcohol and gentle heating to convert vegetable oils into vegetable oil esters.
• vegetable oil esters as used herein can include synthetically or organically derived esters with properties similar to vegetable oil esters.
• the vegetable oil esters used in the present dye formulations replace traditional solvent systems.
• the vegetable oil esters replace solvents such as, but not limited to, xylene (mixed and single isomers), high flash aromatic solvents and hydro-treated light naphthenic distillates.
• the vegetable oil esters replace solvents such as, but not limited to, alcohols (straight and branched chain), limonene, mineral spirits and NMP.
• solvents such as, but not limited to, alcohols (straight and branched chain), limonene, mineral spirits and NMP.
• the dye formulations of the present invention include vegetable oil esters that have carbon chain lengths of C-1 to C-18. More typically, these vegetable oil esters are methyl or ethyl esters.
• plants from which vegetable oil esters of the present invention are derived include (but are not limited to) corn, cashew nut, oats, lupine, kenaf, calendula, cotton, hemp, soybean, coffee, linseed, hazelnuts, euphorbia ,pumpkin seed, coriander , peanut, and the tung oil tree.
• Vegetable oil esters are present in the present dye formulation in an amount sufficient to dilute the solvent dye to a liquid consistency.
• vegetable oil esters are present in the dye formulation of the present invention in an amount sufficient to keep the toxic levels of the dye formulation within the currently proposed and existing regulations in the United States (e.g ., EPA regulations) as well as in European Union (e.g ., REACH regulations).
• the amount of vegetable oil esters added in the dye formulations of the present invention should be between about 5 and 80 percent by weight of the dye formulation ( e.g ., between about 30 and 70 percent by weight).
• the present dye formulations have low amounts of sulfur that comply with acceptable limits pursuant to the United States and European Union regulations.
• the sulfur content of the present dye formulation is less than about 15 PPM, and in some embodiments, less than about 10 PPM ( e.g ., less than about 7 PPM or less than about 5 PPM).
• Solvent Red 164 diluted with soybean oil methyl ester to a non-volatile content of 30-70 percent will typically have reduction in total sulfur content to less than about 5 PPM.
• typical commercially available products diluted with xylene, aromatic solvents, or mineral oils usually have sulfur content of about 100-250 PPM.
• the dye formulation of the present invention includes commercially available liquid dyes (i.e ., liquid solvent dyes) that are dissolved in the aforementioned vegetable oil ester based solvents.
• liquid dyes i.e ., liquid solvent dyes
• liquid solvent dyes that are used in the present invention include (but are not limited to), the following dyes and their blends:
• Solvent Red 164 also known as Navipol Red 164, a registered trademark of Sunbelt Corporation
• the contents were heated and placed under standard laboratory water aspirator vacuum to remove all the xylene viscosity depressant solvent. The typical maximum temperature used was 110 degrees centigrade.
• the xylene was replaced with the methyl ester of soybean oil.
• the contents were tested on a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer.
• the dye formulation was adjusted with the methyl ester of soybean oil solvent to a tinctorial strength of 580 AU at 515 nanometers for a 32 PPM solution in isooctane.
• the dye formulation was stored at ambient, 0 and -20 degrees centigrade for 90 days. The dye formulation was completely stable under all conditions.
• various dye formulations according to the present invention were formed using the liquid solvent dyes listed hereinabove. These dye formulations were prepared by replacing traditional viscosity depressant solvents by methyl ester of soybean oil. The resulting dye formulations were also stable when subjected to the same storage stability criteria outlined in Experiment 1.
• the dye formulation in Experiment 1 utilizing the methyl ester of soybean oil i.e., the dye formulation as disclosed by the present invention was also tested. The total sulfur content of this dye formulation with methyl ester as soybean oil was reduced to 3.3 PPM. Several other samples were tested with similar results.
• the present invention is a method of tagging substrates using the dye formulation that includes liquid solvent dyes dissolved in vegetable oil ester solvent systems.
• Organic liquids are tagged for identification purposes, such as, tax purposes (e.g., road fuel vs. agriculture fuel), product brand identification, and quality control (e.g., octane identification).
• tax purposes e.g., road fuel vs. agriculture fuel
• product brand identification e.g., product brand identification
• quality control e.g., octane identification
• tagging helps to identify dilution of a tagged fuel with non-tagged fuel.
• the dye solvent of the present invention is tagged by mixing specific quantities of the dye formulation (i.e ., a solvent dye dissolved in a vegetable oil ester) to a predetermined amount of substrate to be tagged.
• the amounts of dye formulation and the substrate used for this purpose is such that the presence of the dye formulation can be easily detected as and when required for identification of the tagged substrate.
• the substrates are tagged with about 2-200 PPM of the liquid dye formulation of the present invention.
• the substrates that are tagged by the aforementioned method include (but are not limited to) gasoline, heating oil, kerosene, stove oil, # 2-cycle oil, diesel fuel, paraffin wax, hydrocarbon based marking inks and solvents ( e.g ., toluene, xylene, isooctane).
• Solvent Red 164 is prepared with a vegetable oil ester as its viscosity depressant solvent. 26 PPM of this dye formulation is added to #2 heating oil to meet the United States Internal Revenue Service requirement. The dye formulation is fully miscible and stable in this substrate and has equivalent properties as compared to dye utilizing hydrocarbon based viscosity depressants.
• the present invention is a method of using the dye formulation of the present invention for coloring of various substrates (e.g ., coloring of automatic transmission fluid to detect leaks in automobile transmissions and coloring of heating oil to differentiate between on-road fuels subject to excise taxes and heating oil and other classes deemed to be tax exempt).
• various substrates e.g ., coloring of automatic transmission fluid to detect leaks in automobile transmissions and coloring of heating oil to differentiate between on-road fuels subject to excise taxes and heating oil and other classes deemed to be tax exempt).
• the dye formulation of the present invention generally uses a red solvent dye diluted with vegetable oil ester based solvent system for the coloration of transmission fluid (e.g ., Solvent Red 164 is diluted with soybean oil methyl ester to a standard absorbance value of 580 AU for a 32 PPM solution in isooctane).
• a red solvent dye diluted with vegetable oil ester based solvent system for the coloration of transmission fluid
• Solvent Red 164 is diluted with soybean oil methyl ester to a standard absorbance value of 580 AU for a 32 PPM solution in isooctane.
• automatic transmission fluid is a composition based upon selected grades of petroleum hydrocarbon oils incorporating essential performance additives.
• Additives include, for instance, anticorrosion agents, antifoaming agents, viscosity improvers and the aforementioned dye formulation.
• the latter i.e ., the dye formulation
• the nature and degree to which the additives are present in automatic transmission fluid is specified by the automotive manufacturers.
• the present invention is a method of using the dye formulation that includes liquid solvent dyes dissolved in vegetable oil ester solvents in writing instruments, for ink jet printing and for coating substrates.
• the present invention is a writing instrument (e.g ., felt tip pens) that uses the less toxic dye formulation of the present invention.
• the present invention is an ink-jet cartridge filled with the environmentally friendly dye formulation for printing purposes.
• the present invention is a surface coated with the aforementioned dye formulation.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-11-05 US US11/935,162 patent/US7842102B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2008
  • 2008-11-03 EP EP08394039A patent/EP2065459A3/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-11-03 CA CA002642739A patent/CA2642739A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2010
  • 2010-11-03 US US12/938,446 patent/US8529639B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2012
  • 2012-11-30 US US13/690,248 patent/US20130089369A1/en not_active Abandoned

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