EP2072811A1 - Dispositif pour la focalisation d'un faisceau laser dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la focalisation d'un faisceau laser dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2072811A1
EP2072811A1 EP08021432A EP08021432A EP2072811A1 EP 2072811 A1 EP2072811 A1 EP 2072811A1 EP 08021432 A EP08021432 A EP 08021432A EP 08021432 A EP08021432 A EP 08021432A EP 2072811 A1 EP2072811 A1 EP 2072811A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
window
laser
laser light
structural element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08021432A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Friedrich Gruber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innio Jenbacher GmbH and Co OG
Original Assignee
GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG filed Critical GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG
Publication of EP2072811A1 publication Critical patent/EP2072811A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for coupling laser light in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising a combustion chamber window and a structural element, wherein the combustion chamber window on the structural element is releasably fastened. Furthermore, the invention relates to a laser spark plug, a cylinder of an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine comprising a device of the aforementioned type.
  • the laser ignition is currently in an intensive development phase, whereby in addition to the actual laser technology, great attention is currently placed on the motor aspects, in particular on the feasibility of the series.
  • the principle of laser ignition is based on the fact that an intense laser pulse is introduced into the combustion chamber of the engine and focused there on a focal point. At this focal point, the intensity exceeds a threshold sufficient to ignite a plasma arc.
  • This plasma bomb is able to ignite a fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber of an engine in a similar way as the spark of a conventional spark ignition.
  • the laser pulse is generated by a solid-state laser, which is integrated together with the input and output optics in a housing attached to the cylinder head.
  • This unit is called in analogy with the conventional spark ignition as a laser spark plug.
  • the ignition laser is typically optically pumped by a semiconductor laser connected to the laser spark plug via an optical fiber.
  • the pumping process during which the excitation of the laser-active atoms in the solid-state crystal takes place until the laser pulse starts to oscillate, takes approximately 200 ⁇ s - 400 ⁇ s.
  • the ignition pulse itself has the duration of a few nanoseconds.
  • the coupling optics of the laser pulse into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine consists of a suitable lens system and the so-called combustion chamber window, which represents the last optical element before the jet entry into the combustion chamber.
  • the advantage of the laser ignition compared to the conventional spark ignition is, inter alia, that the spark can be placed freely in the depth of the combustion chamber, where optimal flaming conditions exist.
  • the combustion introduction takes place in the conventional spark ignition in the immediate vicinity of the combustion chamber wall, wherein the flat, the spark limiting electrodes hinder the Flammkem Struktur.
  • the energy of the laser spark can be greatly increased by increasing the power of the laser system, without resulting in increased wear, as is the case for example in the spark ignition by the electrode wear.
  • Another advantage of laser ignition is that with increasing engine power, the minimum required pulse energy (that is, that energy of the plasma arc that is minimally required to ignite the fuel-air mixture) decreases.
  • the conventional spark ignition systems are increasingly reaching the system limits in the future planned engine output.
  • One of the main problems in the realization and serial implementation of the laser ignition is, among other things, the guarantee or maintenance of the optical properties of the combustion chamber window over the running time of the engine.
  • high thermochemical loads and the deposition of solid residues from the combustion process can cloud the surface, thereby both weakening (ie, partially absorbing) and scattering the beam, resulting in either a substantial reduction in energy Plasmafunkens or even to the absence of the plasma arc leads.
  • the object is to provide a device of the type mentioned, in which the disadvantages mentioned are reduced.
  • a device for coupling laser light into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising a combustion chamber window and a structural element, wherein the combustion chamber window on the structural element is detachably fastened, which is characterized in that an optical window is provided, which is arranged on the structural element and the combustion chamber window is at least partially covered.
  • combustion chamber window By a structure element releasably fastened combustion chamber window can be easily replaced with appropriate contamination or damage to the combustion chamber window without, as before, the entire laser spark plug must be replaced.
  • Other prior art devices provide for integrating the combustion chamber window firmly into the cylinder of a combustion chamber. With such combustion chamber windows, an exchange can either not occur at all. When using laser ignition devices, such as laser spark plugs, the entire device must be replaced if the combustion chamber window is damaged or dirty.
  • the structural element can be understood, for example, as a kind of basic body.
  • the combustion chamber window is preceded by an optical window.
  • an optical window is provided, which is arranged on the structural element and is at least partially covered by the combustion chamber window.
  • This optical window can be designed to be particularly robust like a conventional combustion chamber window, so that the releasably attachable combustion chamber window can be made thinner, since the device or the laser light generating device by this optical window of the high temperatures, reactive conditions and pressures in the combustion chamber primarily shielded while the actual combustion chamber window only serves to protect the optical window.
  • the optical window represents the area where the laser light is extracted from the laser light generating device.
  • combustion chamber window can be easily replaced and replaced by loosening the attachment and the laser ignition device can be re-used in the engine block.
  • the combustion chamber window can be fastened to the structural element by means of a holding device. It may be conveniently provided that the cover by means of the holding device is non-positively and / or positively fastened to the structural element.
  • a particularly simple type of fixation can be realized by the combustion chamber window can be screwed by means of the holding device on the structural element.
  • a thread on the structural element and a corresponding mating thread can be provided on the holding device.
  • the screw is not only one of the simplest attachment mechanisms, but also the preferred, as a screw is both a stable and easily detachable connection.
  • attachment mechanisms such as a bayonet lock or latching connections, in which a catch projection on one part (structural element or holding device) and a receptacle for the latching projection is provided on the other part (holding device or structural element).
  • the fastening device is at least partially formed of metal or consists essentially of metal. It is particularly preferably provided that the combustion chamber window with the holding device is releasably attachable, since the combustion chamber window thus represents the only replacement part, while the remaining part of the holding device can be reused. Thus, the actual wear part is reduced to an ideally cost-effective element made of transparent or permeable material for the laser light used.
  • combustion chamber window is positively inserted in the cover and / or frictionally engaged.
  • the combustion chamber window is made at least in the region in which laser light is passed through the group of glass, sapphire, quartz, borosilicate glass, AION or mixtures thereof.
  • the device has a laser light generating device for emitting laser light. Furthermore, it can be provided that the device and the laser light generating device and optionally the optical window are formed as - preferably one-piece - laser spark plug.
  • the invention further relates to a laser spark plug comprising a device of the aforementioned type, and a cylinder of an internal combustion engine comprising a device of the aforementioned type wherein a part of the cylinder is formed by the structural element.
  • a laser spark plug comprising a device of the aforementioned type
  • a cylinder of an internal combustion engine comprising a device of the aforementioned type wherein a part of the cylinder is formed by the structural element.
  • the combustion chamber window on the cylinder or cylinder head of the cylinder is detachably fastened by means of a holding element.
  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising a device and / or a cylinder of the aforementioned type.
  • the device in the Fig. 1 represents a preferred embodiment.
  • the device further comprises a laser light generating device in the form of a Laser spark plug for emitting laser light, indicated by limiting beams 4.
  • the holding device 2 is releasably secured by means of a screw through a corresponding thread 11 on the holding device 2 and mating thread 12 on the structural element 1 and the device, which is formed entirely as a laser spark plug.
  • the laser light generating device is shown only in sections, since it can be made according to the prior art known per se.
  • the distances 13 between Auskoppelapt 8 and coupling optics 6 are chosen to be larger in practice in the ideal case than in the Fig. 1 (and also in the Fig. 2 ) in order to allow a better heat distribution in the device, or to avoid overheating in the device.
  • the optical window 5 limits the actual laser light generating device or laser spark plug. In practice, this means that, for example, a laser spark plug which is known per se and which is delimited at the laser light exit surface by an optical window 5, which normally takes on the task of a combustion chamber window, can be used.
  • a replaceable combustion chamber window 3 of preferably more favorable material can then be attached to the structural element 1 at this laser spark plug, for example via the holding device 2.
  • the combustion chamber window 3 is located on the optical window 5 or on the laser light exit surface 5a of the laser spark plug 1, since the pressure from the combustion chamber 10 is transferred to the optical window 5 (which itself anyway designed for such pressure loads).
  • the combustion chamber window 3 covers the optical window 5 and thus prevents deposits from the combustion chamber 10 from depositing on the optical window 3.
  • the holding device 2 is designed in the manner of a union nut. Between the optical window 5 of the holding device 2, the combustion chamber window 3 is arranged, which is pressed by the union nut to the laser light generating device or the laser light exit surface 5a of the optical window 5.
  • the laser light beam path 4 is focused by the coupling optics 6 on the focal point 7, which initiates the plasma ignition of a fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber 10.
  • the typical combustion products are formed in which, for example, unburned residues are contained, which in the prior art directly on the laser light exit surface 5a of knock down the optical window 5.
  • the laser light generating device 1 can now be taken out of the engine block. Then, the holding device 2 is removed from the laser spark plug 1 and replaced the separate element 3. Subsequently, the "regenerated" laser spark plug can be reinserted into the engine block.
  • the holding device 2 can be made, for example, from a cylinder-shell-shaped basic body with holding elements for frictional or positive fastening to the structural element 1.
  • the cylinder jacket-shaped base body 2a may have a support web 2b, which is annular in the present case. This can just as well have other forms. It should only be suitable for fixing an element 3 for the laser light exit surface. Decisive for the optimal functioning of the device is that the optical window 5 in the course of the laser light 4 and the combustion chamber window 3 in the region of the laser light exit surface d is substantially transparent to the laser light 4 of the laser light generating device 1.
  • the invention eliminates the problem that, if the surface of the combustion chamber window is damaged or impaired, the complete Laser spark plug must be replaced.
  • This plate is not permanently connected to the laser spark plug, but is pressed here with a union nut to the optical window 5 of the laser spark plug 1,
  • the protective plate 3 is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, as well as easily and quickly cleaned or replaced can be.
  • the choice of material for this plate 3 can be limited solely to the thermo-chemical resistance, which opens up a higher potential for optimization than if additional aspects such as heat conduction and mechanical load bearing capacity must also be taken into account.
  • the thickness and the surface of the protective plate or protective combustion chamber window 3 can be selected so that radiation reflection is avoided as far as possible.
  • the claimed term "substantially permeable to the laser light” means that low absorption in the corresponding wavelength range transmission losses of ⁇ 25%, preferably ⁇ 10%, particularly preferably ⁇ 5% means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
EP08021432A 2007-12-19 2008-12-10 Dispositif pour la focalisation d'un faisceau laser dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne Withdrawn EP2072811A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0206107A AT505766B1 (de) 2007-12-19 2007-12-19 Vorrichtung zum einkoppeln von laserlicht in einen brennraum einer brennkraftmaschine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2072811A1 true EP2072811A1 (fr) 2009-06-24

Family

ID=40399446

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08021432A Withdrawn EP2072811A1 (fr) 2007-12-19 2008-12-10 Dispositif pour la focalisation d'un faisceau laser dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8701612B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2072811A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101463789B (fr)
AT (1) AT505766B1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010057904A1 (fr) * 2008-11-21 2010-05-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Allumage commandé, induit par laser, pour moteur à combustion interne
JP2013528257A (ja) * 2010-05-27 2013-07-08 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング 内燃機関のためのレーザ誘導式外部点火装置

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011087192A1 (de) * 2011-11-28 2013-05-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gehäuse für eine Laserzündkerze
US9742156B2 (en) * 2007-08-31 2017-08-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laser spark plug having an improved seal between the combustion chamber window and the casing
DE102009026794A1 (de) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündeinrichtung
DE102007046312A1 (de) * 2007-09-27 2009-04-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Lasereinrichtung für die Zündeinrichtung einer Brennkraftmaschine
JP2009127584A (ja) * 2007-11-27 2009-06-11 Nippon Soken Inc レーザ点火装置
US8833323B2 (en) * 2009-02-02 2014-09-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ignition laser
DE102009000958A1 (de) * 2009-02-18 2010-08-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze
AT508983B1 (de) * 2009-10-07 2012-12-15 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Ohg Laserzündkerze für brennkraftmaschine
DE102009047010A1 (de) 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze und Betriebsverfahren hierfür
DE102010041908A1 (de) * 2009-12-09 2011-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zündeinrichtung
DE102009054740A1 (de) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-22 Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 Laserzündsystem
DE102010029382A1 (de) * 2010-05-27 2011-12-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserinduzierte Fremdzündung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
DE102010029385A1 (de) * 2010-05-27 2011-12-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserinduzierte Fremdzündung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
DE102010042453A1 (de) * 2010-10-14 2012-04-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine und Betriebsverfahren hierfür
US20120107750A1 (en) * 2010-11-02 2012-05-03 General Electric Company System and method for igniting a combustor
DE102011079017A1 (de) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Laserzündkerze
DE102011079043A1 (de) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze und Reinigungsverfahren hierfür
DE102013226119A1 (de) * 2013-02-11 2014-08-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündsystem
CN103953487A (zh) * 2014-05-19 2014-07-30 哈尔滨固泰电子有限责任公司 发动机激光点火装置
JP2017111278A (ja) * 2015-12-16 2017-06-22 株式会社リコー 光学窓部材、レーザ装置、点火装置及び内燃機関
US9932956B2 (en) 2016-02-24 2018-04-03 Denso International America, Inc. Laser ignition device
JP7040033B2 (ja) * 2017-03-16 2022-03-23 株式会社リコー レーザ装置および内燃機関
EP3376021B1 (fr) * 2017-03-16 2022-05-04 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Dispositif laser et moteur à combustion interne
CN108386868A (zh) * 2018-02-09 2018-08-10 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 一种调控激光点火用蓝宝石光学窗口热导率的装置及方法
CN112292522B (zh) * 2018-06-27 2022-06-03 国立研究开发法人产业技术综合研究所 光学窗口的净化装置、发动机及其光学窗口的净化方法
JP7332252B2 (ja) * 2020-02-10 2023-08-23 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 ガスタービン燃焼器

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US4422323A (en) 1981-02-20 1983-12-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Combustion process observation element construction
US4434753A (en) * 1981-05-18 1984-03-06 Nippon Soken, Inc. Ignition apparatus for internal combustion engine
JPS59101585A (ja) * 1982-11-30 1984-06-12 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 内燃機関の点火装置
WO2005021959A1 (fr) * 2003-08-27 2005-03-10 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Ohg Moteur a combustion interne muni d'un systeme d'allumage laser
DE102005043963A1 (de) 2004-09-27 2006-04-06 Avl List Gmbh Fensterelement für eine optische Einrichtung
EP1674721A1 (fr) * 2004-12-20 2006-06-28 GE Jenbacher GmbH & Co OHG Lentille pour un moteur à combustion avec un système d'allumage laser
EP1820948A1 (fr) * 2006-02-20 2007-08-22 GE Jenbacher GmbH & Co. OHG Dispositif d'accommodation d'une fenêtre dans une chambre de combustion
WO2009027145A1 (fr) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif d'allumage pour un allumage laser d'un moteur à combustion interne

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EP1519039A1 (fr) * 2003-09-23 2005-03-30 AVL List GmbH Laser solide déclenché à pompage optique
US7114858B2 (en) * 2003-09-23 2006-10-03 The University Of Chicago Laser based ignition system for natural gas reciprocating engines, laser based ignition system having capability to detect successful ignition event; and distributor system for use with high-powered pulsed lasers
DE10356916B3 (de) * 2003-12-01 2005-06-23 Volker Gallatz Verfahren zum Zünden der Verbrennung eines Kraftstoffes in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Motors, zugehörige Vorrichtung und Motor
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4422323A (en) 1981-02-20 1983-12-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Combustion process observation element construction
US4434753A (en) * 1981-05-18 1984-03-06 Nippon Soken, Inc. Ignition apparatus for internal combustion engine
US4416226A (en) * 1981-06-02 1983-11-22 Nippon Soken, Inc. Laser ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine
JPS59101585A (ja) * 1982-11-30 1984-06-12 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 内燃機関の点火装置
WO2005021959A1 (fr) * 2003-08-27 2005-03-10 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Ohg Moteur a combustion interne muni d'un systeme d'allumage laser
DE102005043963A1 (de) 2004-09-27 2006-04-06 Avl List Gmbh Fensterelement für eine optische Einrichtung
EP1674721A1 (fr) * 2004-12-20 2006-06-28 GE Jenbacher GmbH & Co OHG Lentille pour un moteur à combustion avec un système d'allumage laser
EP1820948A1 (fr) * 2006-02-20 2007-08-22 GE Jenbacher GmbH & Co. OHG Dispositif d'accommodation d'une fenêtre dans une chambre de combustion
WO2009027145A1 (fr) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif d'allumage pour un allumage laser d'un moteur à combustion interne

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010057904A1 (fr) * 2008-11-21 2010-05-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Allumage commandé, induit par laser, pour moteur à combustion interne
JP2012509433A (ja) * 2008-11-21 2012-04-19 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング 内燃機関のためのレーザ誘起式の外部点火装置
JP2014043861A (ja) * 2008-11-21 2014-03-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh 内燃機関のためのレーザ誘起式の外部点火装置
US8783221B2 (en) 2008-11-21 2014-07-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laser-induced spark ignition for an internal combustion engine
JP2013528257A (ja) * 2010-05-27 2013-07-08 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング 内燃機関のためのレーザ誘導式外部点火装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT505766B1 (de) 2009-04-15
US8701612B2 (en) 2014-04-22
CN101463789B (zh) 2013-05-22
CN101463789A (zh) 2009-06-24
US20090159032A1 (en) 2009-06-25
AT505766A4 (de) 2009-04-15

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