EP2094032A1 - Signal audio, procédé et appareil pour coder ou transmettre celui-ci et procédé et appareil pour le traiter - Google Patents

Signal audio, procédé et appareil pour coder ou transmettre celui-ci et procédé et appareil pour le traiter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2094032A1
EP2094032A1 EP08101732A EP08101732A EP2094032A1 EP 2094032 A1 EP2094032 A1 EP 2094032A1 EP 08101732 A EP08101732 A EP 08101732A EP 08101732 A EP08101732 A EP 08101732A EP 2094032 A1 EP2094032 A1 EP 2094032A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
audio
channels
encoding
src
ambisonics
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Withdrawn
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EP08101732A
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German (de)
English (en)
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Johann-Markus Batke
Klaus Eilts-Grimm
Jürgen Schmidt
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Deutsche Thomson OHG
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Deutsche Thomson OHG
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Priority to EP08101732A priority Critical patent/EP2094032A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
    • H04S3/002—Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/008—Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2420/03—Application of parametric coding in stereophonic audio systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2420/11—Application of ambisonics in stereophonic audio systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a generic audio signal format, a method and an apparatus for encoding or transmitting and a method and an apparatus for processing the same.
  • Audio formats relate directly to the audio channels, i.e. the audio information is stored like it is fed to the loudspeaker.
  • the playback of such files is strictly bound to correct positioning of the loudspeakers.
  • Audio formats like 2.0 (stereo) and 5.1 (surround sound) are able to reproduce a spatial impression of the audio content. However, this spatial impression is strictly two-dimensional (2D).
  • 2D two-dimensional
  • extensions of these audio formats with higher number of audio channels like 7.1 or 9.1 stick to 2D sound field representation.
  • the newly developed 22.2 format 1 is a format capable of representing audio content with height information. 1 K.Hamasaki, T. Nishiguchi, R.Okumaura, Y.Nakayama: "Wide listening area with exceptional spatial sound quality of a 22.2 multichannel sound system" (Audio Engineering Society Preprints, Vienna, Austria, May 2007 )
  • a new audio format may use the description of the spatial sound field.
  • a known solution for spatial sound field description is based on Higher Order Ambisonics (HOA), a technology that describes spatial sounds fields using the coefficients of the FOURIER-BESSEL series (also known under different names 2 ). The possible spatial resolution using this description is determined by the order N of the series.
  • HOA Higher Order Ambisonics
  • This representation is very flexible and can hold any type of audio information, e.g. traditional stereo signals or surround sound.
  • Loudspeaker channels are treated as a source at a distinct position (e.g. the loudspeaker's position).
  • an Ambisonics representation and particularly a Higher Order Ambisonics representation would enable such optimized playback of sound. It would also be desirable to minimize the effort for encoding, decoding and transcoding to and from Ambisonics representations, which also would minimize a loss of quality.
  • a conventional audio signal is enhanced by additional data or metadata, wherein the additional data comprise sound source position information that enables conversion of the conventional audio signal into a Higher Order Ambisonics (HOA) representation of the sound field.
  • HOA Higher Order Ambisonics
  • a method for encoding or transmitting an audio signal comprises steps of providing one or more audio source signals, determining respective position information and encoding or transmitting the audio source signals together with metadata that comprise the determined audio source position information.
  • the method for encoding or transmitting an audio signal further comprises steps of determining the number of source channels that are required for Ambisonics encoding, said number being (2N+1) for the 2D case and (N+1) 2 for the 3D case (N is the order of Ambisonics encoding), determining the number of available transmission or storage channels, and comparing the number of source channels required for Ambisonics encoding of the order N with the number of available transmission or storage channels, depending on said comparison, generating a mode decision information having either a first value if the number of source channels required for Ambisonics encoding of the order N is not less than the number of available transmission or storage channels, or having a different second value otherwise, and generating, and storing or transmitting, the Ambisonics encoded version of the audio signal if the mode decision information has said first value, or otherwise storing or transmitting the received or retrieved audio signal.
  • the mode decision information In one embodiment where the Ambisonics encoded version of the audio signal is transmitted, the mode decision information
  • a method for processing an audio signal comprises steps of receiving or retrieving from storage an encoded audio signal, extracting first audio source signals and additional information from the received or retrieved signal, wherein the first audio source signals relate to first audio source positions provided by the additional information, transforming the first audio source signals relating to first audio source positions into second audio source signals relating to different second audio source positions, and supplying said second audio source signals for storage or playback.
  • the step of transforming the first audio source signals into second audio source signals comprises generating an Ambisonics representation of the sound field from a conventional audio source signal and said additional information describing the positions of sound sources, wherein the Ambisonics signal can be of higher order (HOA).
  • HOA higher order
  • a general audio production chain as shown in Fig.1 , acquisition of audio signals is achieved by one or more microphones M.
  • the audio signals are encoded E, stored S and later decoded D for reproduction via one or more loudspeakers LS.
  • each of the audio signals in the decoded signal relates to a particular loudspeaker.
  • the audio signals relate to the left and right microphones and loudspeakers.
  • Fig.2 a shows a conventional loudspeaker setup for playback in stereo
  • Fig.2 b a conventional loudspeaker setup for surround sound, also known as 5.0 format.
  • 5.0 format a conventional loudspeaker setup for surround sound
  • the optimal angles between loudspeakers are subject to convention.
  • the respective audio signals relate to specific relative positions that cannot be changed for a given reproduction system. That is, loudspeaker boxes need to be positioned according to these fixed relative positions in order to optimize the sound reproduction.
  • Ambisonics and particularly HOA
  • the audio content is independent from the loudspeaker setup. Thus, it has to be processed to match a given setup, wherein it will be optimized to match this setup.
  • Second, 3D representation and high spatial resolution of audio content is fully supported.
  • a general Ambisonics based system is shown in Fig.3 .
  • a microphone array MA acquires the signals in a spatial manner.
  • Position information P describing the microphone positions is added in an encoder E, which generates an Ambisonics representation 30 of given order N of the signals.
  • This signal can be transcoded TR into a conventional audio signal having a desired number of channels that relate to desired positions of the loudspeakers.
  • the localization of the different loudspeaker channels is the better, the higher the order N of the Ambisonics representation was.
  • the order N and the spatial positions (2-dimensional or 3-dimensional) have also an impact on the number of channels that the Ambisonics signal 30 requires, as described below.
  • the conventional audio signal can be reproduced LSA on a loudspeaker array that may but need not correspond to the microphone array. However, positions of the loudspeakers must be known for transcoding the signal.
  • a receiver performs a conversion from a given audio source arrangement to a required audio target arrangement, such as an individual loudspeaker arrangement.
  • An encoder or transmitter provides a conventional audio signal with one or more microphone/loudspeaker related channels (such as 5.0) and attached position information that defines the positions of the microphone/loudspeaker of each channel.
  • this signal can be converted to an Ambisonics representation, and in particular to a HOA (Higher Order Ambisonics) representation.
  • This signal can be stored or transcoded/re-mapped for a desired channel and position configuration (e.g. according to an actual loudspeaker configuration or a particular configuration desired for other reasons). It is possible to select at the receiver side whether the Ambisonics representation or the conventional representation with additional position information shall be stored or further processed.
  • the transmitted/received signal is backward compatible, since it can be decoded by conventional receivers that ignore the additional metadata information, and that the transmitted/received signal uses practically the same bandwidth than a conventional audio signal, since the additional metadata information is very little compared to the audio information (although it may be transmitted frequently, e.g. in fixed time intervals such as once every second, or every k audio frames).
  • the conversion from a given audio source arrangement into a HOA representation can be performed before transmitting, so that either the conventional audio signal plus position information or the generic HOA representation of the audio signal is transmitted.
  • the latter is preferred if the required number of transmission channels is equal for both formats.
  • the transmission signal comprises a mode indication showing whether the audio format is HOA or conventional, because two different formats are possible.
  • the receiver extracts and evaluates the indication and performs the further processing according to the mode indication.
  • FIG.6 a An audio processing system according to one embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig.6 a) .
  • a signal as described above, having one or more audio source signals X src and position information r src giving the positions of the audio source signals is received, and multiplexed 62 into a common signal 60.
  • This signal can be stored (not shown) or transmitted, e.g. between different devices in a network.
  • the signal is demultiplexed 63, wherein the audio source signals X' src and position information r' src are regained, and these are input into an Ambisonics encoder 64 that generates an Ambisonics signal 61.
  • the order of this signal may be determined according to the number of available positions r' src , but can also be influenced by available storage area and/or processing bandwidth.
  • the Ambisonics encoder 64 can be a HOA encoder, i.e. N>1.
  • the Ambisonics signal is fed into a transcoder TR and there re-mapped to a given loudspeaker configuration, and output to conventional multi-channel audio processing and loudspeakers LSA.
  • This processing system is that the step of re-mapping can easily be adapted to the actual loudspeaker configuration, so that after a change in this configuration the optimization can also be changed according to the new loudspeaker number and/or positions.
  • a new loudspeaker is added to the reproduction system, its position information is provided to the transcoder and the Ambisonics signal can be re-mapped to match the new configuration.
  • the position information can be provided by user input (e.g. using a GUI), or by automatic loudspeaker position measuring systems.
  • E.g. relative loudspeaker positions can be determined by reproducing a reference signal at a known position and measuring the different signal run-times. For the 3D case, reproduction of three reference signals at three distinct known positions can be used for automatic loudspeaker location.
  • FIG.6 b An audio processing system according to another embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig.6 b) .
  • the signal 60 being composed of one or more audio source signals X src and position information r src giving the positions of the audio source signals is received and demultiplexed 62 into its components. It is possible to select S 6 whether these components or the HOA encoded signal representation 61 shall be used for the further processing, such as optional storing 66, transcoding and multi-channel audio processing. As described above, it may be advantageous to store the generic HOA representation, depending on the application.
  • the selection signal 65 may depend on the parameters mentioned below, such as required order N, number of source positions or number of target (loudspeaker) positions.
  • the spatial positions refer to a spherical coordinate system.
  • the distance of sources (audio signals on the encoding side, loudspeakers on the playback side) is not taken into account for the sake of clarity. However, it is easily integrated to this encoding scheme using a known distance coding scheme, e.g. that of Jerome Daniel (reference cited above).
  • the directional position of the individual speakers is given by ⁇ i , ⁇ i in spherical coordinates, Y n m ⁇ i ⁇ ⁇ i is the spherical harmonic function.
  • the HOA coefficient transmission is usually done by transmission of the individual vector elements of A resulting from the Fourier-Bessel representation. This results in a possibly higher number of channels than formerly required and very high numbers of channels for high orders.
  • the invention results in a new audio format that is backward compatible to existing audio content. It is capable of holding audio content with full 3D information and any high spatial resolution, and therefore it is forward compatible with any audio content.
  • the invention aims to provide an efficient solution to this problem: for 2.0 and 5.1 audio content it is generally less expensive in terms of channel/storage capacity to transmit/store the original audio information and additionally the locations of the sources.
  • the result is a parameterised HOA signal representation at lowest cost.
  • the full HOA representation is calculated on the receiver side, if necessary.
  • a smooth mode selection is proposed that allows selection of the best possible format.
  • the HOA representation also provides the advantage of scalability.
  • a format like 22.2 requires 24 audio channels, as stated above.
  • the HOA representation is scalable in terms of the spatial resolution.
  • An audio channel of a traditional audio format like stereo is viewed upon here as an audio source with a distinct position.
  • An exemplary audio file format for HOA coefficients carrying several audio sources can be generated as follows:
  • O s source channels are required for HOA coefficient representation (see eq.3).
  • decoding of this new signal is done as follows:
  • the goal is to use a given number of channels available for transport in an optimal way. It is assumed that the number of source channels O src is higher than the number of available channels.
  • the integer number O chan defines the number of available channels.
  • Audio source signals X src and position information r src are provided, as described above, and can be encoded in two different modes: either they are multiplexed MX1 into a common data stream, so that a receiver is enabled to generate a HOA representation (since all the data necessary for a HOA representation are included), or a HOA representation is generated HOA e1 before transmission.
  • a mode selection signal MD it is possible to select S 1 ,S 2 ,S 3 one of the two modes.
  • This mode decision signal is obtained by the above-described comparison CMP between the required number of channels O S and the available number of channels O C . The latter may be fixed or given.
  • the required number of channels O S is determined in a block eq4 according to equation 4 above, using the result of the block eq3 that performs equation 3 above, and a spatial arrangement information 2D3D indicating whether the spatial arrangement is 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional.
  • the spatial arrangement information 2D3D is also an input to the block eq3 that performs equation 3.
  • the mode decision information MD is multiplexed MX2 into the output data stream A enc so that all necessary information for proper decoding is contained.
  • a decoder according to one embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig.5 .
  • a signal A enc as encoded by the encoder of Fig.4 is demultiplexed DMX2 so that the mode decision information MD' is obtained.
  • the remaining signal is either demultiplexed into its audio and position components X' src ,r' src and then HOA encoded HOA e (if it was not HOA encoded), or it is directly used if it is already HOA encoded.
  • Switching means S 4 ,S 5 controlled by the mode decision information MD' switch between these modes.
  • the HOA encoded signal is provided to a transcoder, as described above.
  • a device for encoding or transmitting an audio signal comprises means for providing one or more audio source signals, means for determining for each of said audio source signals a specific position to which it relates, means for generating data sets containing the determined positions of the audio sources, and means for encoding or transmitting the data sets together with said audio source signals.
  • said data sets are suitable for calculating a generic audio field representation based on Ambisonics representation.
  • the device further comprises means for determining the number (O s ) of source channels that are required for Ambisonics encoding, said number being (2N+1) for the 2D case and (N+1) 2 for the 3D case, where N is the order of Ambisonics encoding, means for determining the number (O c ) of available transmission or storage channels, means for comparing the number (O s ) of source channels required for Ambisonics encoding of the order N with the number (O c ) of available transmission or storage channels; means for generating, depending on said comparison, a mode decision information (MD), having a first value if the number (O s ) of source channels required for Ambisonics encoding of the order N is not less than the number of available transmission or storage channels (O c ), or having a different second value otherwise, and means HOA e for generating, and means for storing or transmitting, the Ambisonics encoded version of the audio signal if the mode decision information has said first value, or
  • a device for processing audio signals comprises means for receiving or retrieving from storage encoded audio signals, means for extracting first audio source signals and additional information from the received or retrieved signals, wherein the first audio source signals relate to first audio source positions provided by the additional information, means (TRC) for transforming the first audio source signals relating to first audio source positions into second audio source signals relating to different second audio source positions, and means (LSA) for supplying said second audio source signals for storage or playback.
  • the invention can be used for all kinds of audio processing devices. These may be targeting music reproduction, but also voice reproduction, such as multi-channel teleconferencing systems.
  • voice reproduction such as multi-channel teleconferencing systems.
  • spatial information can be added to conventional multi-channel audio signals, and scalability in terms of spatial resolution can be provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
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EP08101732A 2008-02-19 2008-02-19 Signal audio, procédé et appareil pour coder ou transmettre celui-ci et procédé et appareil pour le traiter Withdrawn EP2094032A1 (fr)

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