EP2094387A2 - Processeur automatique à microfluide - Google Patents

Processeur automatique à microfluide

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Publication number
EP2094387A2
EP2094387A2 EP07817739A EP07817739A EP2094387A2 EP 2094387 A2 EP2094387 A2 EP 2094387A2 EP 07817739 A EP07817739 A EP 07817739A EP 07817739 A EP07817739 A EP 07817739A EP 2094387 A2 EP2094387 A2 EP 2094387A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microfluidic processor
processor according
temperature
hydrogels
pumps
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07817739A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stephan Klatt
Tobias Wage
Andreas Richter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitaet Dresden
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2094387A2 publication Critical patent/EP2094387A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/50273—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4331—Mixers with bended, curved, coiled, wounded mixing tubes or comprising elements for bending the flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/30—Micromixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502738—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by integrated valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/10—Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
    • B01L2300/0816—Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
    • B01L2300/0867—Multiple inlets and one sample wells, e.g. mixing, dilution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
    • B01L2300/087—Multiple sequential chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
    • B01L2400/0415—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
    • B01L2400/0421—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic electrophoretic flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
    • B01L2400/0481—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure squeezing of channels or chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/06—Valves, specific forms thereof
    • B01L2400/0633—Valves, specific forms thereof with moving parts
    • B01L2400/0672—Swellable plugs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/06—Valves, specific forms thereof
    • B01L2400/0677—Valves, specific forms thereof phase change valves; Meltable, freezing, dissolvable plugs; Destructible barriers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
    • B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an automatic microfluidic processor with integrated active elements.
  • microfluidic devices implement more or less complex biological, biochemical or chemical processes through the integration of functions, this is referred to as "microfluidic process pren” or “labs on a chip” (“LOC”), “micro labs” or “micro total analysis systems”. ⁇ TAS).
  • the LOC concept offers many advantages.
  • the reduction in the volumes of fluid allows analyzing 'small samples and economical use of reagents and samples, which are often valuable, rare, harmful or dangerous.
  • higher throughputs can also be achieved because, owing to the small quantities, shorter preparation, mixing and reaction times are required with a minimized energy requirement. Due to lower system response times, process control can also be easier.
  • LOC setups enable significant process rationalization by dramatically reducing process time, increasing throughput and reducing the amount of media required (subjects, analytes, reagents, auxiliary media).
  • media for example, a drug, a drug, or a mixture thereof.
  • they are also non-specialists allow performing complicated investigations to e last example policemen Oxhausmaschine 'or To give inspection bodies such as food inspectors quick access to important results.
  • the typical structure of biological, biochemical or chemical processes includes the tasks of sample preparation, handling and reaction or analysis, each in specific forms and combinations.
  • on-chip integration of sample preparation as well as reaction or analysis is mainly done.
  • economic benefits resulting from the rationalization of these sub-processes have generally proved unsustainable.
  • sample handling Because of their problematic on-chip integration, sample handling is currently performed manually or with some special equipment, such as diluters, syringe pumps, pipetting equipment, etc., outside of the chips. Due to their predominantly manual character, these activities are the number one source of error in practice.
  • active fluidic elements based on solid-state actuators such as piezoactuators [US Pat. No. 5,224,843, US 2003/0143122] and shape memory actuators [US Pat. No. 5,659,171]
  • piezoactuators US Pat. No. 5,224,843, US 2003/0143122
  • shape memory actuators US Pat. No. 5,659,171
  • a possible hybrid integration eg sticking of the elements to the LOC
  • Transducer elements which are based on changes in the state of matter, can be integrated into the layout of the channel structure supports with sometimes minor interventions and are therefore usually compatible with the production process of the plastic molded parts of the channel structure support.
  • fuses R. Pal et al., Anal. Chem. 16 (2004) 13, pp 3740-3748
  • freezing elements US 6,536,476
  • thermal bubble generators US 6,283,718.
  • Transducers with gas formation are not suitable for many microfluidic processes because most are sensitive to gas bubbles.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a LOC device create, which can be produced with an economically justifiable manufacturing effort and which automatically performs certain chemical, biochemical or other processes, in particular standard processes.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to use the microfluidic processor to perform all necessary active process steps essentially automatically and in a chronologically, qualitatively and quantitatively predefined order. without auxiliary power. to work off ' .
  • the steps that require the performance of mechanical work are automatically performed by devices based on actuator or strength changes of certain materials.
  • These components are defined in their basic functions, the temporal and aktoris'chen behavior and connected together to the corresponding logical functions.
  • the process By largely dispensing with auxiliary energy, an automatic process sequence, a pre-assembly with necessary materials (eg analytes, reagents, auxiliary media) as well as an easily manageable size of the LOC, the process essentially runs independently of the user in the quality predefined by the LOC production and can be done almost anywhere.
  • the user activity is limited to the sample introduction, the process start and possibly the reading of the result. Therefore, the LOCs of the invention also allow non-professionals to carry out complicated investigations. Since the LOC abutments are very simple and based on less materials (usually 'polymers), they can be cost-effective be manufactured and used as disposable products.
  • the material basis of the invention are materials which can cause active functions by changes in their swelling state or their mechanical properties (strength, viscosity) and which can be activated with readily realizable environmental parameters.
  • Particularly easily influenced environmental variables are the presence of solvents and the temperature, which are therefore of particular importance for the invention.
  • Substances which can be influenced by the effect of temperature in their strength or viscous properties are, for example, oils and fats, waxes, paraffins or alkanes.
  • Semi-solid paraffins or soft paraffin for example, have melting temperatures between 45 ° C and 65 0 C
  • Petrolatum or petrolatum have melting temperatures in the range of 38 ° C and 60 0 C.
  • soluble materials which may be, for example uncrosslinked polymers, salts and organic natural products such as saccharides.
  • Hydrogels can be influenced both by temperature and by solvents. Due to the variety of functions that can be realized with these materials, the invention will be explained essentially in terms of hydrogels, representative of the other materials.
  • Hydrogels are polymer networks that change their volume, strength and other properties when exposed to aqueous swelling agents. These polymer networks can be subdivided into chemically and physically crosslinked polymer networks or hydrogels according to the type of polymer chain linkage. For chemically crosslinked polymer mesh The individual polymer chains are irreversibly linked by covalent (chemical) compounds. In physically networked polymer networks, the polymer chains are interconnected by physical interactions, which can usually be resolved again.
  • hydrogels When hydrogels swell from the dry or swollen state, they not only change their volume, but can simultaneously perform mechanical work by applying a swelling pressure. These swelling properties have physically and chemically crosslinked hydrogels. Certain chemically crosslinked hydrogels, the so-called stimuli-responsive hydrogels, can also be reversibly converted back into the swollen state when certain environmental variables are applied. This property is based on its volume phase transition behavior. Particularly interesting are temperature-sensitive hydrogels, such as poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly (methyl vinyl ether), which can also be "light-sensitive" by appropriate absorption. Most temperature-sensitive stimuli-responsive hydrogels have a Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST).
  • LCST Critical Solution Temperature
  • the best known hydrogel 'with LCST characteristic poly ( ⁇ 7-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), has a volume phase transition temperature of 32.8 0 C.
  • the position of the phase transition or switching temperature of NIPAAm-based hydrogels can be adjusted by copolymerization and variation of the synthesis parameters in a range from +5 0 C to about 60 ° C.
  • Possible synthesis and structuring methods of PNIPAAm-based hydrogels are for example in [A. Richter et al., J. Microelectromech., Syst., 12 (2003) 5, p. 748-753].
  • Physically crosslinked hydrogels can also be temperature-sensitive. Such "thermoreversible” gels have a sol-gel transition behavior, ie they gel (crosslink) on reaching critical temperatures or dissolve by dewetting
  • Typical temperature-switchable physically crosslinkable hydrogels are, for example, gelatin, pectin and agarose -Übergangstemperatureh can be through various measures between about 15 0 C and 95 0 C set. these and other physically crosslinked polymer networks has [K. te Nijenhuis, Thermoreversible networks, Adv. Polym. Sci. 130, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1997].
  • the time behavior of active hydrogel-based elements can be influenced by appropriate choice of the synthesis and crosslinking parameters (ultimately by the choice of the hydrogel), by limitations of the swelling agent supply and by forces which counteract the swelling process. It is particularly easy to implement restrictions on the swelling agent feed. This can be done by setting a corresponding flow resistance, for example by choosing a corresponding effective flow cross-section over a material porosity. In this case, the source process is slowed down.
  • a time delay of the onset of the swelling process can be achieved by the use of swelling agent barriers, which dissolve after certain periods. The delay time can be defined by varying the layer thickness as well as by material selection. Typical materials for swelling agent or diffusion barriers are saccharides.
  • hydrogels over other transducers is the enormous variety of active functions. which can be realized with them. They can be used as active fluidic elements in the form of switching elements, fluidic drives, recording and dispensing systems of active substances and other substances, but also for enclosing / fixing or releasing objects (for example by gelling or dissolving). Another advantage of this effect carrier is their ease of manufacture. Hydrogels as plastics can be realized with the typical procedures for this class of substances. Since most functional elements also have the same or similar basic structures, the active hydrogel elements can be produced directly on the channel structure carriers with one or only a few additional manufacturing steps.
  • FIG. 1 shows the circuit diagram of the channel structure carrier of an automatic hydrogel-based microfluidic processor which, for example, can be used in the control of bioreactors on the basis of the expression level of selected growth markers,
  • FIGS. 4a to 4c show the basic mode of operation of a time-controlled and event-controlled valve based on a thermostable physical polymer network; 5a and 5b show the mode of operation of a drug delivery unit based on a soluble element,
  • Figure 7 is a possible circuit diagram of a LOC setup for standard biochemical and medical applications based on polymerase chain reactions
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 illustrate the mode of operation of some automatic active hydrogel elements.
  • FIG. 7 demonstrates further typical applications of the LOC according to the invention.
  • the circuit diagram of an LOC channel structure shown in FIG. 1 is suitable for a whole range of chemical, biotechnological and standard medical applications. Its functionality is explained by the determination of the enzyme activity (laccase activity) of a bioreactor.
  • Two pumps Ia and Ib contain 0.05M malonate buffer of pH 5.0.
  • a further pump Ic contains a 2mM 2, 2 '-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) solution as substrate in a 0.05M malonate buffer of pH 5.0.
  • ABTS 2mM 2, 2 '-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)
  • Id is a sample of a bioreactor product laccase, which z. B. was removed from the current reactor operation.
  • the buffer and substrate (pump Ia with pump Ic) and buffer and sample (pump Ib with pump Id) are mixed by mixing meanders 4a, 4b and distributed to pumps 2a to 2f, wherein in the pumps 2a to 2c respectively a buffer sample mixture and in the pumps 2d to 2f a buffer substrate mixture is presented.
  • the pumps Ia-Id and 2a-2f can each have on the output side valves not shown in detail, which close at concern of the liquid (which is the case with completely filled pump chamber) and later open again at the onset of pumping activity.
  • the buffer substrate and buffer sample are mixed by further mixing meanders 4c to 4e and mixed in Reaction and analysis units 3a to 3c transported.
  • the enzyme reaction can be followed by optical analysis methods.
  • the simplest optical analysis unit can be a light-dependent resistor (LDR), not shown in detail, which gives a simple yes-no response (enzyme activity present or absent).
  • Enzyme kinetic parameters can be determined by light-spectroscopic methods (eg UV-VIS spectroscopy).
  • the basic media such as buffer and substrate can be incorporated in a final manufacturing step in LOC production. After proper storage, the user only needs to put the sample into the LOC and to activate. The entire procedure then runs automatically.
  • the four-layer structure consists of a channel structure carrier 8, which is covered by an at least locally flexible membrane 9. Above this is the actuator structure carrier 10, which contains a large part of the active hydrogel elements 14. Above the Aktor Stevenisme 10 is a structural support 11, which carries the components 12, 15, with which the time sequence and the 'time behavior of the active hydrogel elements 14 are set.
  • microfluidic processors can be carried out for the structural supports 8, 10, 11 using the customary methods of mass production of plastic moldings, such as injection molding, hot stamping or the like. Suitable materials are those customary for microfluidics, z.
  • PC polycarbonate
  • COC cycloolefins
  • PA polyamides
  • PET polyester
  • PS polystyrene
  • PS polyvinyl chloride
  • PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
  • PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • a very simple variant for the production of small series is the Mas ter terformen of PDMS.
  • negative structures of the structural supports 8, 10, 11 are produced photolithographically in silicon wafers and these are subsequently coated with Teflon by sputtering in order to obtain good moldability. Thereafter, the PDMS is placed on the molds and cured for one hour at 100 0 C.
  • the flexible membranes 9 can also be produced in PDMS by spin coating. The layer thicknesses can be adjusted very well with this method between about 15 microns to 100 microns. Films of the required thicknesses can also be purchased commercially.
  • the individual layers of the LOC can be glued together, welded or non-positively joined.
  • PDMS moldings can be bonded very well with PDMS as an adhesive and subsequent temperature hardening.
  • the active hydrogel elements 14 can be produced by various methods. For structuring hydrogel layers, crosslinking photopolymerization and photocrosslinking [A. Richter et al. , J. Microelectromech. Syst. 12 (2003) 5, pp 748-753] used '. Furthermore, the molding with subsequent polymerization and the production of hydrogel particles [K. -F. Arndt et al. , Polym. ⁇ DV. Technol. 11 (2000), pp. 496-505].
  • the 2 shows a LOC section with two active hydrogel elements 14a, 14b, by means of which the basic mode of operation of the LOC according to the invention can be described.
  • the hydrogel elements 14a, 14b perform their task by expansion as a result of swelling in the channel structure of the structural support 8.
  • the swelling agent necessary for this they take on the structural support 11.
  • the structural support 11 contains structural elements which make it possible to determine the temporal behavior of the hydrogel elements 14.
  • the swelling agent barriers 15a, 15b determine the point in time at which the swelling agent can reach the hydrogel element 14. For example, if the diffusion barriers are made of the same material, but 15b is thinner than 15a, then 15b will have dissolved faster than 15a, and that Hydrogel element 14b begins to act before 14a.
  • the semi-permeable walls 12a and 12b serve the hydrogel elements 14 as a fixed bearing; on the other hand, the maximum possible volume expansion of the elements 14 per unit of time can also be defined by varying the effective supply cross-section.
  • the arrangement can serve as a sample receiving unit, for example.
  • the pump chamber 13 Via the side of the element 14b, the pump chamber 13 can be filled with sample liquid.
  • the diffusion barrier 15b is dissolved, so that the swelling agent reaches the hydrogel element 14b and swells it.
  • 14b seals the channel structure as a result of the deflection of the membrane 9.
  • the element 14a displaces via the flexible membrane 9 the liquid from the pump chamber 13 of the structural support 8 in the direction of the unclosed exit.
  • FIG. 3 shows a valve which is initially actuated, then time-controlled.
  • a common task is to seal a memory or channel structure of a LOC after it has been completely filled with the process medium. If the medium located in the channel 16 reaches the unswollen hydrogel actuator 17a (FIG. 3a), it begins to swell while receiving the sample medium until it has completely closed the channel structure 16 (swollen hydrogel actuator 17b in FIG. 3b).
  • the absorption of the process medium by 17b due to its swelling can be done so quickly that no Medium can flow past the valve seat.
  • the opening process of the valve is timed. As illustrated in FIG. 3c, after the preset time, the barrier layer 15 is dissolved or impaired in its strength in such a way that the flexible membrane 9 can deflect on the valve seat and thus open the valve seat.
  • Adequate results can be achieved with a variety of mechanisms based on the change in the degree of swelling, the strength or viscosity or the crosslinking properties of the functional elements. • Of course, it is also possible that certain components are triggered multiple times only time or only event-dependent '.
  • thermoreversible physical polymer network As material is here. used a thermoreversible physical polymer network, while serving as the opening process triggering the temperature.
  • the process medium 19 encounters the unswollen hydrogel actuator 17a (see FIG. 4a) within the channel 16, then it swells while receiving the process medium 19 until it completely closes off the channel 16 (FIG. 4b). After reaching a certain temperature (this can be realized depending on the event or time), the physical polymer network wears off and dissolves (17c in FIG. 4c). Thus, the channel 16 is unlocked and the medium can be transported on. This temperature may also be caused by fever or inflammation.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a device that can deliver drugs.
  • an active substance 20 which is gelled in a matrix Hydrogel 17d is included (Fig. 5a).
  • Channel structure carrier 8 and the chamber with 17d and 20 is covered by an elastic film, which is biased over the chamber and therefore serves as a spring energy storage.
  • the gelled hydrogel 17d may be thermoreversible.
  • the active substance 20 is released when the gelation temperature of the hydrogel is reached and it dissolves (17c in FIG. 5b).
  • the spring force accumulator 21 discharges and pushes the dissolved substances out of the chamber through the outlet 6.
  • Fig. 6 shows that an activation of spring force storage by a programming unit 11 is easily possible.
  • a prestressed spring energy accumulator 21 is locked in this position by a barrier layer 15 (FIG. 6a). If the barrier layer 15 dissolved by solvent presence or reduced in strength, the spring force accumulator can be discharged by turning into the chamber 13 and displaces the medium located there ( Figure 6b).
  • the time-dependent, but also event-dependent, control of the LOC processes can take place in addition to the presence of the swelling agent, also by changing the ambient or LOC temperature.
  • the controlling acting temperature are steadily increased with a defined heating rate.
  • the individual components have different activation temperatures (for example, gelling temperature, phase transition temperature), they are activated in a corresponding temperature graduated order.
  • the kinetics can also be influenced in terms of the speed with which the property-changing processes take place.
  • the order of components with the same activation temperature can be done by a corresponding thermal dimensioning of the LOC structure by acting as a series resistors thermal resistance (variation of thermal conductivity, material thickness, etc.) and the heat capacities are set.
  • tempering devices have to be used anyway, as is the case, for example, with polymerase chain reactions (PCR).
  • PCR polymerase chain reactions
  • the required components can be controlled with a short heating power increase by the PCR tempering unit.
  • Such devices may, for example, appropriately modified PCR thermal devices, thermostats, thermal cycler heat cabinets ⁇ or heat baths to be capable of realizing a predetermined temperature programs.
  • nucleic acid amplification assays such as PCR
  • PCR nucleic acid amplification assays
  • FIG. 7 shows the circuit diagram of a LOC setup for standard biochemical and medical applications based on polymerase chain reactions.
  • the master mix may, for example, have the following composition:
  • the H 2 O can also be proportionally substituted by additives such as DMSO, glycerol and others (eg at high GC content).
  • the volume information for the master mix is multiplied by the number of applications.
  • the thus prepared master mix, in a refrigerated storage vessel (4 0 C) are provided outside the LOC. The same applies to the template DNA's.
  • the pumps If and Ig are each loaded with 10 ⁇ l of a master mix.
  • pump Ih are lO ⁇ l template DNAl (plasmid, about 100 ng in H 2 O - molecular biology grade) for the PCR control reaction.
  • Pump Ie contains 10 ⁇ l template DNA2 (plasmid, ca. 100 ⁇ g in H 2 O - molecular biology grade) for the PCR reaction.
  • the PCR products can also be removed at the output 10a or output 10b for external further processing.
  • the PCR products in the chambers 24a and 24b are separated electrophoretically and can be provided at the output 10c or output 10d, for example for the external fluorescence analysis become.
  • 11 again denotes the entrances to the pump chambers Ie-Ih.
  • RT-PCR reverse transcriptase PCR
  • the basic composition of an RT master mix for a two-step RT-PCR method shows the following example:
  • RNA or mRNA prokaryotic or eukaryotic
  • target sequence reverse transcriptase s
  • t oligo (dT) primer alternatively: sequence-specific or random-hexamer primer
  • the cDNA synthesis takes place at 37 0 C to 50 0 C.
  • Fig. 8 shows a LOC structure with which microorganisms can be easily identified or excluded simply by the culture method.
  • a smear stick is inserted via the sample channel 28 into the sterile sample receiving chamber 27. There, the swab is stripped so that existing microorganisms remain in 27.
  • the pump 25 is activated by a mechanism, not shown, so that the culture medium flows through the channel 26 with entrainment of the Abstrichgutes in the Analyshimmmern 29 a to 29 c.
  • the analysis chambers 29 are selective culture media that promote the growth of certain organisms or inhibit or change their properties due to their composition depending on the growing microorganisms their properties (eg dyeing). After a specified time, cultures or colorings grown on a positive test are visible and can be read by the user.
  • the inscription 30 serves the user for unambiguous assignment of the analysis result.
  • smears for the differentiation of fungal and bacterial infections.
  • An enhanced differentiation is useful, for example in the case of frequently occurring disease classes, such as sexually transmitted tagbare diseases STI (sexually transmitted infections) such as gonorrhea ⁇ Neisser ⁇ a gonorrhoeae), syphilis (Treponema pallidum), chancroid ⁇ Haemophilus ducreyi) ', chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) or regionally typical diseases (eg malaria, hepatitis, HIV, typhus, measles, influenza, dengue).
  • STI sexually transmitted tagbare diseases
  • gonorrhea ⁇ Neisser ⁇ a gonorrhoeae syphilis
  • chancroid ⁇ Haemophilus ducreyi
  • chlamydia Cholamydia trachomatis
  • regionally typical diseases eg malaria, he
  • Escherichia coli can be detected in toilets, hospital beds, showers, etc. Also microbial contamination of food and environment, for example Legionella (Legionella pneu- mophila) in drinking water or salmonella in food, can be easily detected with the LOC.
  • Legionella Legionella pneu- mophila
  • the described examples represent a multiplicity of possible further applications of the microfluidic processors according to the invention.
  • the processor architecture eg additional pumps, mixing chambers, reaction chambers, etc.
  • Even more complex processes can be realized on one LOC.
  • It can be miniaturized and automated manifold pipetting and analysis tasks, which not only causes a significant cost and time reduction, but also the process quality z. B. significantly improved by reducing the pipetting error.
  • the LOCs are preferably suitable for one-off (disposable) procedures, but can be used with appropriate execution, but also for continuous or online tasks. Due to the miniaturization and automation a ' mobile, (energy-) self-sufficient and location-independent use of the LOCs is possible. With well observable property changes, no additional analysis or reading units are required.
  • B. Microorganism analyzes by identifying and assigning an activity profile, but also Sehnelltests to determine the water quality [CSB (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biological oxygen demand), heavy metals, nitrate, nitrite, etc.] realize.
  • CSB chemical oxygen demand
  • BOD biological oxygen demand
  • heavy metals nitrate, nitrite, etc.
  • the LOC technology according to the invention can be used, for example, for cell culture control (eukaryotes, human cell lines, etc.) by viability tests [eg WST-I and MTT test (conversion of a tetrazolium salt into formazan, eg 4- [3- (4-iodophenyl ) - 2- (4-nitrophenyl) -2H-5-tetrazolium] -1,3-benzenedisulfonate) or LDH test (lactate dehydrogenase test)], etc.
  • viability tests eg WST-I and MTT test (conversion of a tetrazolium salt into formazan, eg 4- [3- (4-iodophenyl ) - 2- (4-nitrophenyl) -2H-5-tetrazolium] -1,3-benzenedisulfonate) or LDH test (lactate dehydrogenase test)], etc.
  • On-chip blood tests to determine part of the most important blood parameters eg blood sugar, pH, lactate, minerals, creatine, hormones, enzymes, leukocytes, erythrocytes, etc., disease markers, the detection of reactive Oxigeh-Toxic substances (ROTS oxidative stress) etc. are feasible.
  • ROTS oxidative stress reactive Oxigeh-Toxic substances

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un processeur automatique à microfluide dans lequel sont intégrés des éléments actifs (1, 2, 5, 14, 15, 17, 22, 25) et qui peut exécuter une procédure définie en associant les tâches partielles concernées par une association logique des différents éléments actifs en une séquence de tâches, les instants d'activation ainsi que d'autres paramètres des différents éléments étant définis par le modèle du processeur. Les différents éléments agissent en modifiant certaines propriétés, par exemple le volume ou la résistance mécanique lors de l'action non spécifiée de certains paramètres de l'environnement, par exemple la présence de solvants ou la température.
EP07817739A 2006-10-27 2007-10-23 Processeur automatique à microfluide Withdrawn EP2094387A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102006051535A DE102006051535A1 (de) 2006-10-27 2006-10-27 Automatischer Mikrofluidik-Prozessor
PCT/DE2007/001905 WO2008049413A2 (fr) 2006-10-27 2007-10-23 Processeur automatique à microfluide

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EP (1) EP2094387A2 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2008049413A2 (fr)

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CN102859616B (zh) 2010-04-09 2015-05-20 香港科技大学 液体-电子混合式分压器
DE102010015161B4 (de) 2010-04-16 2014-03-13 Technische Universität Dresden Mikrofluidiksystem und Verfahren zu dessen Betreiben
KR20120091631A (ko) * 2011-02-09 2012-08-20 삼성전자주식회사 미세유동장치
KR101257700B1 (ko) * 2011-12-05 2013-04-24 삼성전자주식회사 미세유동장치 및 이를 포함하는 미세유동시스템
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JP2014240065A (ja) * 2013-05-15 2014-12-25 公立大学法人大阪府立大学 流路構造体および流路構造体の製造方法
CN108495712A (zh) 2015-11-23 2018-09-04 伯克利之光生命科技公司 原位生成的微流体隔离结构、试剂盒及其使用方法
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WO2008049413A2 (fr) 2008-05-02
DE112007003160B4 (de) 2023-02-09
US9029131B2 (en) 2015-05-12
DE112007003160A5 (de) 2009-09-24
DE102006051535A1 (de) 2008-12-18
US20100151561A1 (en) 2010-06-17
WO2008049413A3 (fr) 2008-06-19

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