Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
  • D01B9/00—Other mechanical treatment of natural fibrous or filamentary material to obtain fibres or filaments
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
  • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
  • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
  • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
  • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
  • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
  • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
  • D01B1/24—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating with toothed or other pointed devices

Definitions

• the subject matter of the present invention is a device for determining the fiber content and the method of fiber content determination.
• the device serves in the quantitative evaluation of fiber content in plant material of fibrous structure: raw, dried and retted.
• Determination of fiber content in fibrous plants is very important and also quite difficult. Often, the fiber content is evaluated without proper equipment, i.e. by crushing and breaking retted straw in hands.
• the fiber content of unretted, dry and deseeded flax stems ranges from 16% to 30%. The percentage of fiber content is calculated in relation to the dry mass of the stems.
• Apparatus has mechanism for grinding of flax stock wood and separating of pile from fiber.
• Mechanism for separating of pile from fiber is made in the form of crankshaft whose free ends are mounted in bearings and straight portion between shaft cranks is formed as shaft with sharpened plates fixed thereon.
• Stem wood grinding device comprises breaking plank extending in parallel with axis of rotation of shaft and positioned at adjustable distance from generatrix surface of rotation of straight portion of crankshaft.
• Crankshaft and breaking plank are incorporated within casing, which is open at material feeding side for feeding of material for further processing and connected with ventilation air duct for drawing air from apparatus casing.
• the present invention relates to a cutting device for cutting straw and similar material into pieces, of the type which comprises a driven shaft kept in a housing, where said shaft is provided with longitudinally proceeding rows of knife attachments for knives, which extends radially from the shaft and are provided with cutting edges. Said knives, under operation pass between a row of counter knives directed towards said shaft and preferably provided with cutting edges in the same way, whereby the straw material to be cut is fed towards said counter arms.
• the number of rows with knife attachment are at least six.
• the distances between three knife attachments in a longitudinally proceeding row have a proportion of 4:4:5 of a repeating unit, where the arms in a rotation round at least forms two screw lines.
• invention relates to standardization of bast-fiber materials, particularly to quality control of scotched flax fiber to determine its process value.
• Method includes integrated evaluation of fiber quality depending on handful length and color of scotched fiber, coefficient of variation regarding given properties, gain of hackled fiber, and factor characterizing change in its color compared to color of scotched flax fiber. The method facilitated determination of process value of fiber.
• Patent description PL75030 presents a device for the determination of the degree to which flaxen or hemp straw has been retted.
• the device consists of a pair of rollers, between which straw samples are fed.
• a slip-draft device for use in a drawing- head for slivers of bast fibres such as flax, hemp, jute and ramie and long leaf fibres such as sisal and manilla comprises a pair of positively driven rollers one of which is driven by the other so that the surface speed of the parts in contact with the sliver is substantially the same and arranged so that they may separate in accordance
• the device comprises a pair of fluted rollers, the roller being positively driven and driving the roller by means of the flutes.
• the part of the roller engaging the sliver is reduced in diameter, and the roller is mounted in a lever so that it may move relatively to the roller in accordance with the hickness of the sliver.
• the air may be drawn or forced into the shafts.
• 30 for serrating or breaking flax stalks comprises a pair of short rollers of relatively large diameter, e.g. eight to twelve inches, pressed into contact by springs at each end of the upper roller shaft, the roller being provided with stout, deep flanges at each end between which the roller closely fits and a serrating blade mounted on arms pivoted on the upper roller shaft fitting closely between the flanges with one edge abutting against the periphery of the upper roller and the other edge resting upon a fixed plate held in close contact against the surface of the bottom roller.
• the bottom roller may be flanged.
• the blade is adjustably secured to a swiveling bracket mounted on a bar secured in the ends of the arms, and is pressed downwards by a spring acting through a spindle and a ball-joint.
• the material is fed to the rollers over a feed plate by fluted rollers, and after serration between the blade, the plate and the flanges is delivered by a pair of rollers or by pairs, which straighten out the serrated material.
• the goal of the present invention is to provide the means to manufacture a device enabling the quantitative determination of fiber content in plant material of fibrous structure and ensuring uniform testing, in field conditions as well.
• the subject matter of the invention is a device for the quantitative determination of fiber content in plant material, characterized in that the device is built of a pair of rollers I and V_ pressed together via springs 3 . and mutually interacting via the topography of their surfaces, whereas the upper frame 5 with an attached set of scraping surfaces is mounted adjustably onto the axis of the upper roller I in such a way that it can be inclined, while the bottom frame 6 with its attached set of scutching/hackling blades is also mounted adjustably on the axis of lower roller in such a way that it can be inclined, and the ends of the frames 5_ and 6 are joined together with couplers 4.
• the rollers I and V_ are toothed and the intermeshing and shape of the teeth determines the nodes at which the fibers are broken, meaning the points at which the tooth of one roller intermeshes with two teeth of the other roller.
• the rollers I and Y_ mutually interacting via the topography of their surfaces are powered by an electric motor with a transmission 2.
• the rollers I and V_ can rotate in either direction.
• the pressure 3 of the rollers 1 and Y_ can be controlled as appropriate to the kind of material tested.
• the container for tow and chaff 8 is located underneath the rollers I and r.
• the frame units 5 and 6 with scutching/hackling blades 7 are mounted on the axes of the rollers I and Y_ in an inclinable fashion.
• the blades 7 attached to the frames 5 and 6 are exchangeable.
• the working surfaces of the scutching/hackling blades 7 in the frames 5 and 6 are straight, corrugated, toothed, sharp or rounded or equipped with rollers with variable diameter.
• the couplers 4 joining the ends of the frames 5 . and 6 can be decoupled.
• the device is portable.
• the device is used for the quantitative determination of the content of fiber in fibrous plants.
• the device is shown in Fig. 1.
• the device is used for the determination of the fiber content in hemp and flax.
• the next subject of invention is a method for the evaluation of fiber content in plant material, characterized in that the fiber contained in the stem is extracted from the stem by weakening the bond between the fiber and the non- fibrous plant tissues through retting and subsequent mechanical processing in which non-fibrous parts of the stem are broken into short sections by the pair of rollers 1 and Y_ pressed onto one another with springs 3_ and mutually interacting via the topography of their toothed surfaces.
• the fiber is further cleaned by scutching in which the scutching is combined with simultaneous hackling through motion against the scutching/hackling units 5, 6_, 7_, following which the content of fiber extracted in this manner is evaluated in relation to the total weight of the stem.
• Figure 1 shows a schematic of the device for processing materials with a fibrous structure, where:
• a sample of retted, dried flax straw is put on the table 9 and introduced roots first into the cylinders 1 and V_.
• the springs 3_ regulate the mutual pressure of the cylinders against one another, modulated by the topography of their external surfaces.
• the sample is moved mechanically from the left side of the cylinders to the right, wherein non-fibrous parts of stems are crushed (broken).
• the crushing (breaking) is repeated three times, by placing the sample back on the table 9 and introducing it each time roots first through the cylinders 1 and J ⁇
• the scutching/hackling unit ,5, 6, 7 is held ajar.
• the sample crushed in this way is than fed from the opposite side, in relation to the table 9, of the cylinders through the set of upper 5 .
• a sample of raw, dried flax straw is placed on the table H) and fed roots first into the cylinders 1 and V_ etc. as described above.
• the working cycles according to the description above are repeated many times, until most of the tow is separated from the raw fiber. This results in decorticated flax fiber.
• a sample of raw, dried hemp straw is placed on the table K) and fed roots first into the cylinders I and V_ etc. as described above.
• the working cycles according to the description above are repeated many times, until most of the tow and chaff is separated from the raw fiber. This results in decorticated hemp fiber.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Family Cites Families (13)

• 2007
  • 2007-01-25 WO PCT/PL2007/000004 patent/WO2008091168A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-01-25 EP EP07701085A patent/EP2108064A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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