EP2122132A1 - Composant de filtre à particules diesel - Google Patents

Composant de filtre à particules diesel

Info

Publication number
EP2122132A1
EP2122132A1 EP08734606A EP08734606A EP2122132A1 EP 2122132 A1 EP2122132 A1 EP 2122132A1 EP 08734606 A EP08734606 A EP 08734606A EP 08734606 A EP08734606 A EP 08734606A EP 2122132 A1 EP2122132 A1 EP 2122132A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
filter
channel walls
exhaust
diesel particulate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08734606A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Timo Walz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ElringKlinger AG
Original Assignee
ElringKlinger AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ElringKlinger AG filed Critical ElringKlinger AG
Publication of EP2122132A1 publication Critical patent/EP2122132A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs

Definitions

  • diesel particulate filters are used for the aftertreatment of the exhaust gases from the combustion process, in which depending on the operating condition of the diesel engine in the exhaust gases contained soot particles are retained.
  • soot particles increases the flow resistance of the diesel particulate filter and thereby the gas pressure against which the exhaust gases (combustion gases) flow out of the engine, which, inter alia, has a negative effect on fuel consumption. Therefore, such a diesel particulate filter must be regenerated at irregular intervals, the length of which in a vehicle diesel engine depends on driving behavior, whereby the soot particles retained in the filter are burned, ie the carbon is oxidized to CO 2 .
  • this known device is thus a diesel particulate filter component with a flowing through diesel engine exhaust ceramic molded body in which channel walls limited exhaust channels are formed and which has a filter section and upstream of the filter section an oxidation catalyst section, said two sections an elongated monolithic ceramic body having an exhaust inlet end and an exhaust outlet end, the oxidation catalyst in the longitudinal direction of the ceramic body extending, open at their ends Abgas thoroughlyströmkanäle and the filter portion extending in the longitudinal direction of the ceramic body channel walls with defined filter openings and adjacent exhaust ducts alternately in the region of one or in the region of the other channel end occlusive closures, the channel walls of the filter section at least partially with a Reduzie tion of the combustion temperature of the filter particles retained by the filter soot-causing first catalyst substance and the channel walls of the oxidation catalyst section are at least partially provided with a oxidation of hydrocarbons causing second catalyst substance.
  • the present invention relates to a diesel particulate filter component of this type.
  • the length of the Oxidationskatalysa- torabitess is only a fraction of the length of the filter section (measured in the flow direction of the exhaust gases or in the longitudinal direction of the ceramic body), the shape and size of the cross section of the same exhaust gas flow channels of the oxidation catalyst section is the same shape and size the likewise mutually identical exhaust passages of the filter section, and the number of Abgas josströmkanäle the Oxidationskataly- satorabitess is substantially smaller than the number of exhaust passages of the filter section.
  • every second exhaust passage of the filter section is closed by a closure in the form of a separate plug or that the channel walls of the respective exhaust duct in a longitudinal section through the ceramic body in the manner of a gable roof obliquely to each other and are connected.
  • the other exhaust passages of the filter section are closed at the upstream end of the filter section by gable-roof type shutters formed by the channel walls.
  • the sum of the channel wall surfaces formed by the channel walls of the oxidation catalyst section is greater than the sum of the channel wall surfaces formed by the channel walls of the filter section.
  • the sum of the channel wall surfaces formed by the channel walls of the oxidation catalyst section divided by the length of the oxidation catalyst section should be greater than the sum of the channel wall surfaces formed by the channel walls of the filter section divided by the length of the filter section.
  • a diesel particulate filter component according to the invention is in a regeneration of the diesel particulate filter, that is, the filter section, in the oxidation catalyst section a much larger Designkanalwand Structure, that is a much larger catalytically active area for the combustion (oxidation) of the hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust stream of the engine in the regeneration Available as in the resulting from EP-A 371 826-B device, so that the hydrocarbons can not only be completely burned, but the temperature of the inflowing into the filter section exhaust gases much higher and therefore the burning of retained in the filter section soot particles more efficient and is more complete than in the known device, so that the time duration of a regeneration process can be shortened.
  • the basic principle of the solution according to the invention can be realized by an appropriate choice of the length of the oxidation catalyst section and / or by a suitable different design of the cross-sectional shape of the Abgas thoroughlyströmkanäle compared to the cross-sectional shape of the exhaust ducts of the filter section, alternatively or additionally in that the number of exhaust gas flow passages of the oxidation catalytic converter section is selected to be greater than the number of exhaust passages of the filter section - in this connection
  • the typical wall thickness is the channel walls of the oxidation catalytic converter section, but possibly also of the filter section , a few tenths of mm, in particular about 0.3 mm, and in the case of square-section exhaust ducts, the filter section typically has 40 to 50, in particular approximately 45, channels per cm 2 of the cross-sectional area of the filter section, while the oxidation catalytic converter section has far more ducts, typically approximately 200 channels per cm 2 of the cross-sectional
  • the number of exhaust gas flow passages of the oxidation catalytic converter section can be considerably increased compared with the number of exhaust passages of the filter section, for the same outer dimensions of the cross section of the oxidation catalytic converter section and the cross section of the filter section such that the sum of the channel wall areas of the oxidation catalyst section, even without an increase in the length of the oxidation catalyst section, is much greater than the sum of the channel wall surfaces of the oxidation catalyst section of the known device resulting from EP-I 371 826-B.
  • a diesel particulate filter component according to the present invention is characterized in that the number of exhaust gas flow passages of the oxidation catalyst section divided by the cross-sectional area of the oxidation catalyst section is greater than the number of exhaust passages of the filter section divided by the cross-sectional area of the filter section.
  • the filter effect is achieved by defined filter openings in the channel walls or by pores of defined size of these channel walls of the ceramic shaped body, and the first catalyst substance can be provided on the channel walls and / or on the walls of the filter openings.
  • the closures of the exhaust ducts of the filter section are in particular integrally formed on the channel walls of the filter section and preferably have approximately the same wall thickness as these channel walls.
  • the exhaust ducts of the monolithic ceramic body preferably run exactly in the longitudinal direction of the ceramic body, although in principle a slightly oblique course would be possible.
  • all regions of the monolithic ceramic body optionally with the exception of an outer shell, have the same porosity, because then despite the porosity of the channel walls of Abgas slideströmkanäle the Oxidationskatalysatorabitess in the exhaust gases flow substantially only along its Abgas matströmkanäle because this in succession their open inflow and outflow do not have any significant flow resistance of the Oxidationskatalysator- section result.
  • the channel walls of the Abgas thoroughlykanäle the oxidation catalyst section may also be gas-tight or have a smaller porosity than the channel walls of the filter section, without such a smaller porosity would result in that a significant proportion of the inflowing into the oxidation catalyst section exhaust gases flows through the channel walls of the oxidation catalyst section.
  • An inventive diesel particulate filter component with integrated oxidation catalyst section has the following advantages: Neither two separate ceramic moldings for the actual diesel particulate filter and an upstream oxidation catalyst must be prepared, nor it requires the handling of two such ceramic moldings; Since in a diesel particulate filter component according to the invention only a single monolithic ceramic body has to be installed in a housing of an exhaust system, an optimum for the flow of the exhaust system positioning of the channels of the actual filter and the oxidation catalyst results by itself; the pressure losses in the exhaust gas line of an engine caused by the actual filter and the oxidation catalytic converter are reduced since the generation of unnecessary turbulence in the exhaust gas flow can be avoided; because of the use of a single monolithic ceramic body for the actual filter and the heating of the exhaust gases serving oxidation catalyst in the latter heated exhaust gases enter without significant loss of temperature in the actual filter, whereby the efficiency of combustion of the retained particulate matter in the filter is improved, and because of To avoid a significant such temperature loss, the length of the actual filter (measured
  • the present invention makes it possible to minimize the structural length of the oxidation catalyst portion and thus the overall length of the entire diesel particulate filter component, since the catalytic effect of the oxidation catalyst portion per unit length of the oxidation catalyst portion is a much better than in the known combination of a diesel particulate filter with an oxidation catalyst.
  • the sum of the cross-sectional areas of its exhaust gas flow passages is approximately the same as at the exhaust gas inlet end of the ceramic body the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the exhaust ducts of the filter section at its upstream end, since then the component is flowed through optimally.
  • the ratio of the two aforementioned cross-sectional area sums can be in the range between 0.8 and 1.2, even if a ratio of about 1 is preferable.
  • channel walls of the oxidation catalytic converter section are connected to channel walls and / or closures of the exhaust ducts of the filter section, in particular in one piece by molding the mentioned elements together.
  • the oxidation catalyst section primarily serves to heat the exhaust gases by oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons, it may also be used for the oxidation of carbon monoxide contained in the untreated exhaust gases to carbon dioxide, since it is only necessary to compose the second catalyst substance used in the oxidation catalyst section so that it can can fulfill both tasks.
  • At least some of the exhaust gas flow passages of the oxidation catalytic converter section can be provided with turbulence elements in the exhaust gas flow generating flow disturbing elements on at least part of their channel walls; these can in principle be any type of macroscopic unevenness of the channel walls, that is, for example, depressions in the channel wall surfaces, since the wall thicknesses of the channel walls are small, and in particular in the range between about 0.15 to 0.35 mm, embodiments are preferred in which the channel walls are not weakened by the Strömungsstörimplantation, but the latter project into the Abgas thoroughlyströmjanäle and manufacturing reasons as in particular with the channel walls integral ceramic elements are formed, ie already formed in the manufacture of the monolithic ceramic body together with the channel walls , A method which enables this cost-effectively will be described below.
  • the shaped body is usually produced from a ceramic mass which can be solidified by drying and sintering in an extrusion or continuous casting process.
  • a manufacturing method as such only allows the production of channels, all of which are open at both ends and have the same cross-section everywhere.
  • a method for manufacturing a diesel particulate filter device wherein a blank of the monolithic ceramic body to be sintered is built up in layers through layers transverse to the longitudinal direction of the channels, which are not all the same a part of these layers z.
  • B. participates in the formation of the closures of the filter section exhaust channels and optionally the mentioned flow disturbing elements.
  • Such a method is characterized in that a blank to be sintered of monolithic ceramic body is constructed by successive layers in the longitudinal direction by repeated succession of the following steps:
  • Such layers, and even layers of different shapes, can be produced in a particularly simple manner by screen printing.
  • the blank is then sintered.
  • Moldable ceramic masses which at least do not appreciably change their dimensions during solidification and sintering of the blank are available on the market.
  • B. a circular, rectangular or square shape with a correspondingly shaped outer wall 12.
  • the ceramic body 10 has on the input side an oxidation catalyst section 14, to which a filter section 16 connects in the flow direction.
  • Abgas gutströmkanäle 18 are formed, which are bounded by porous or gas-impermeable channel walls 18a and the gas-impermeable outer wall 12 and on their surfaces (except the outside of the outer wall 12) are coated with a catalyst substance, which could not be shown in the drawing Such coatings are extremely thin.
  • the exhaust gas flow channels 18 are open both on the inlet and on the outlet side and in particular have all the same, constant cross-section along the exhaust gas flow channels, which can in principle have any cross-sectional shape, but preferably the cross section is square, rectangular or circular.
  • the catalyst substance used in the oxidation catalyst section 14 is the second catalyst substance as defined in the appended claims and typically contains a noble metal such as platinum or palladium as catalytically active ingredients, but optionally also an oxide or rare earth oxides such as Ce.
  • a noble metal such as platinum or palladium as catalytically active ingredients
  • an oxide or rare earth oxides such as Ce.
  • exhaust channels 20 and 22 are formed, which are closed at one end of each channel by a closure 20a and 22a, and indeed the exhaust channels 20 are all open upstream and downstream, the exhaust channels 22 are closed upstream and downstream open, and located in the ceramic body 10 (viewed in a section perpendicular to the flow direction) each exhaust passage 20 between the exhaust passages 22 and each exhaust passage 22 between exhaust channels 20.
  • the inside of the outer wall 12 and the surfaces of the channel walls 24 and / or the walls of their filter openings are also coated with a catalyst substance, namely the first catalyst substance in the sense of the appended claims, which could not be represented graphically as the very small filter openings in the Channel walls 24.
  • the first catalyst substance may contain as catalytically active components typically a noble metal, such as platinum.
  • the number of Abgas thoroughlykanäle 18 is substantially greater than the number of exhaust passages 20 and 22; Furthermore, the closures 22a of the channel walls 24 of the filter section 16 are connected to channel walls 18a of the oxidation catalytic converter section 14, in particular in one piece, which can easily be achieved with the described production method.
  • closures 20a and 22a can be porous or gas-tight - especially in the last-mentioned case, the flow profile of the exhaust gases indicated in the drawing by the arrows in the filter section 16.
  • the channel diameter is typically about 1.5 mm or less
  • the wall thickness of the channel walls 18a and 24, optionally also the wall thickness of the outer wall 12 is preferably in the range between about 0.15 mm and about 0.35 mm and is in particular about 0.25 mm.
  • the layers typically have a thickness of about 40 ⁇ m.
  • the inventive diesel particulate filter component according to the drawing from the inflowing exhaust gases containing unburned hydrocarbons and optionally carbon monoxide and other aufoxidierbare constituents are in the oxidation catalyst section 14 in engine-dependent time intervals to temperatures of more than 600 0 C, in particular to temperatures between about 650 and about 800 0 C, heated, due to the then taking place in the oxidation catalyst section 14 combustion of the hydrocarbons and optionally the oxidation of other exhaust gas constituents.
  • the exhaust gases flow into the exhaust passages 20 of the filter section 16, traversing the porous passage walls 24, filtering out particulate matter from the exhaust flows and retaining them in the passage walls, and then leaving the filter section 16 via the open downstream ends of the exhaust passages 22.
  • the wall thickness of the channel walls in the filter section and the wall thickness of the channel walls in the oxidation catalyst section may be approximately the same, but also different, and the same applies to the cross-sectional shapes of the exhaust channels of the oxidation catalyst section and the filter section.
  • one and the same ceramic base material is used for the ceramic body comprising the oxidation catalyst section and the filter section, which contains in particular silicon carbide as the ceramic substance.
  • the oxidation catalyst section For the oxidation catalyst section, however, a ceramic substance of a different grain size can be used than for the filter section, so that the sintered ceramic body has a different porosity in one section than in the other section - while in the filter section a high open porosity and small pores result in effective filtration with low back pressure, these parameters have little effect on the performance of the oxidation catalyst section;
  • the sum of the catalytically active surfaces should be as large as possible, which can also be achieved with a low porosity of the channel walls and a different particle size distribution than in the filter section.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un composant de filtre à particules Diesel (10), présentant un corps moulé en céramique, dans lequel sont formés des canaux de gaz d'échappement délimités par des parois de canaux et qui présente une section de filtre (16) ainsi qu'une section de catalyseur d'oxydation (14) en amont de la section de filtre, la section de catalyseur d'oxydation présentant des canaux de passage de gaz d'échappement (18) ouverts sur ses extrémités et la section de filtre présentant des parois de canaux (24) avec des ouvertures de filtre définies ainsi que des fermetures (20a, 22a) fermant des canaux de gaz de sortie voisins l'un de l'autre en alternance dans la zone d'une extrémité de canal ou dans la zone de l'autre extrémité de canal, les parois de canaux de la section de filtre étant dotées au moins partiellement d'une première substance de catalyseur provoquant une réduction de la température de combustion des particules de suie de Diesel retenues par le filtre et les parois de canaux de la section de catalyseur d'oxydation étant dotées au moins partiellement d'une seconde substance de catalyseur provoquant une oxydation des hydrocarbures. Pour améliorer l'efficacité de la section de catalyseur d'oxydation, le corps en céramique est conçu de telle sorte que, par unité de longueur du corps en céramique, la surface de parois de canaux formée par les parois de canaux de la section de catalyseur d'oxydation est plus grande que la surface de parois de canaux formée par les parois de canaux de la section de filtre.
EP08734606A 2007-03-16 2008-03-13 Composant de filtre à particules diesel Withdrawn EP2122132A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007012636 2007-03-16
PCT/EP2008/001997 WO2008113507A1 (fr) 2007-03-16 2008-03-13 Composant de filtre à particules diesel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2122132A1 true EP2122132A1 (fr) 2009-11-25

Family

ID=39577624

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08734606A Withdrawn EP2122132A1 (fr) 2007-03-16 2008-03-13 Composant de filtre à particules diesel

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2122132A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008113507A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6669913B1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2003-12-30 Fleetguard, Inc. Combination catalytic converter and filter
JP3872384B2 (ja) * 2002-06-13 2007-01-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 排ガス浄化フィルタ触媒
JP4369141B2 (ja) * 2003-02-18 2009-11-18 日本碍子株式会社 ハニカムフィルタ及び排ガス浄化システム

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2008113507A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008113507A1 (fr) 2008-09-25

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