EP2127472A2 - Utilisation d'un alliage fer-chrome-aluminium ayant une durée de vie élevée et des variations faibles de résistance à la chaleur - Google Patents

Utilisation d'un alliage fer-chrome-aluminium ayant une durée de vie élevée et des variations faibles de résistance à la chaleur

Info

Publication number
EP2127472A2
EP2127472A2 EP08706758A EP08706758A EP2127472A2 EP 2127472 A2 EP2127472 A2 EP 2127472A2 EP 08706758 A EP08706758 A EP 08706758A EP 08706758 A EP08706758 A EP 08706758A EP 2127472 A2 EP2127472 A2 EP 2127472A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy according
max
weight
alloy
iron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08706758A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2127472B1 (fr
Inventor
Heike Hattendorf
Janine Lindemann
Rainer RÜFFERT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VDM Metals GmbH
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH filed Critical ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH
Priority to PL08706758T priority Critical patent/PL2127472T3/pl
Publication of EP2127472A2 publication Critical patent/EP2127472A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2127472B1 publication Critical patent/EP2127472B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy produced by melt metallurgy with a long service life and small changes in the heat resistance.
  • Such alloys are used to make electrical heating elements and catalyst supports. These materials form a dense, firmly adhering aluminum oxide layer, which protects them from destruction at high temperatures (eg up to 1400 ° C.). This protection is improved by additions of so-called reactive elements such as Ca, Ce, La, Y, Zr, Hf, Ti, Nb, V, which inter alia improve the adhesion of the oxide layer and / or reduce the layer growth, as for example in “ Ralf Bürgel, Handbook of High-Temperature Materials, Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig 1998 "from page 274 is described.
  • the aluminum oxide layer protects the metallic material against rapid oxidation. At the same time she is growing herself, albeit very slowly. This growth takes place using consumption of the aluminum content of the material. If no aluminum is present, other oxides (chromium and iron oxides) grow, the metal content of the material is consumed very quickly and the material fails due to destructive corrosion. The time to failure is defined as the lifetime. An increase in the aluminum content prolongs the service life.
  • WO 02/20197 has disclosed a ferritic stainless steel alloy, in particular for use as a heating conductor element.
  • the alloy is formed by a powder metallurgy FeCrAl alloy comprising (in% by mass) less than 0.02% C, ⁇ 0.5% Si, ⁇ 0.2% Mn, 10.0 to 40.0% Cr, ⁇ 0.6% Ni, ⁇ 0.01% Cu, 2.0 to 10.0% Al, one or more element (s) from the group of reactive elements, such as Sc 1 Y, La, Ce, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, in amounts between 0.1 and 1.0%, balance iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • EP-B 0 387 670 discloses an alloy containing (in wt%) 20 to 25% Cr, 5 to 8% Al, 0.03 to 0.08% yttrium, 0.004 to 0.008% nitrogen, 0.020 to 0.040 % Carbon, and approximately equal parts 0.035 to 0.07% Ti and 0.035 to 0.07% zirconium, and max. 0.01% phosphorus, max. 0.01% magnesium, max. 0.5% manganese, max. 0.005% sulfur, remainder iron, wherein the sum of the contents of Ti and Zr 1, 75 to 3.5% times as large as the percentage sum of the contents of C and N and melting-related impurities.
  • Ti and Zr can be completely or partially replaced by hafnium and / or tantalum or vanadium.
  • EP-B 0 290 719 an alloy with (in wt .-%) 12 to 30% Cr, 3.5 to 8% AI, 0.008 to 0.10% carbon, max. 0.8% silicon, 0.10 to 0.4% manganese, max. 0.035% phosphorus, max. 0.020% sulfur, 0.1 to 1.0% molybdenum, max.
  • nickel 1% nickel, and the additives 0.010 to 1.0% zirconium, 0.003 to 0.3% titanium and 0.003 to 0.3% nitrogen, calcium plus magnesium 0.005 to 0.05%, and rare earth metals 0.003 to 0.80 %, Niobium 0.5%, remainder iron described with conventional accompanying elements, which is used for example as a wire for heating elements for electrically heated furnaces and as a construction material for thermally stressed parts and as a film for the preparation of catalyst supports.
  • US-A 4,414,023 is a steel with (in wt .-%) 8.0 to 25.0% Cr, 3.0 to 8.0% AI, 0.002 to 0.06% rare earth metals, max. 4.0% Si, 0.06 to 1.0% Mn, 0.035 to 0.07% Ti, 0.035 to 0.07% Zr, including unavoidable impurities.
  • te lifetime, defined as the time until the appearance of oxides other than
  • CB aluminum concentration in the presence of oxides other than
  • ⁇ m * is the critical weight change at which the flakes begin.
  • Heating conductors which consist of thin foils (for example, approximately 20 to 300 ⁇ m thick with a width in the range of one or several millimeters), are characterized by a large surface area to volume ratio. This is advantageous if you want to achieve fast heating and cooling times, as z. B. in the heating elements used in glass ceramic panels are required to make the heating quickly visible and to achieve a rapid heating similar to a gas cooker. At the same time, however, the large surface area to volume ratio is disadvantageous for the service life of the heating conductor.
  • the behavior of the hot resistor must be considered. As a rule, a constant voltage is applied to the heating conductor. If the resistance remains constant over the life of the heating element, the current and the power of this heating element will not change.
  • the temperature of the heating element decreases.
  • the life of the heating conductor and thus also of the heating element is extended.
  • heating elements often have a lower power limit, so this effect can not be used to extend service life.
  • the warm resistance Rw decreases over time, the power P increases while the voltage remains constant Heating element. As the power increases, however, the temperature also increases and thus the service life of the heating conductor or heating element is shortened. The deviations of the heat resistance as a function of time should therefore be kept within a narrow range around zero.
  • the lifetime and the behavior of the heat resistance can be measured, for example, in an accelerated life test.
  • Such is z. B. in Harald Pfeifer, Hans Thomas, Zunderfeste alloys, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg / 1963 described on page 113. It is carried out with a switching cycle of 120 s, at constant temperature on helically shaped wire with a diameter of 0.4 mm. As a test temperature 1200 0 C or 1050 0 C is proposed. Since in this case the behavior of thin foils is specifically concerned, the test was modified as follows: Film strips of 50 ⁇ m thickness and 6 mm width were clamped between 2 current feedthroughs and heated to 1050 ° C. by applying a voltage.
  • the heating to 1050 0 C takes place for 15 s, then the power supply is interrupted for 5 s. At the end of the life of the film fails by the fact that the remaining cross-section melts through.
  • the temperature is automatically measured during the life test with a pyrometer and, if necessary, corrected by the program control to the setpoint temperature.
  • the burn time is the addition of the times that the sample is heated.
  • the burning time is the time to failure of the samples, the burning time the current time during an experiment.
  • the burning time or burning time is given as a relative value in% relative to the burning time of a reference sample and referred to as the relative burning time or relative burning time.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy for the specific application, which has a longer life than the previously used iron-chromium-aluminum alloys, with little change in the heat resistance over time at the application temperature , in particular when used as a film in a defined dimensional range, has.
  • This object is achieved by the use of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with a long service life and a small change in the heat resistance as a foil for heating elements in the dimensional range of 0.020 to 0.300 mm thickness, with (in wt .-%) 4.5 to 6, 5% AI, 16 to 24% Cr and additions of 0.05 to 0.7% Si, 0.001 to 0.5% Mn, 0.02 to 0.1% Y, 0.02 to 0.1% Zr, 0.02 to 0.1% Hf, 0.003 to 0.020% C, max. 0.03% N, max. 0.01% S, max. 0.5% Cu, balance iron and the usual melting impurities.
  • the alloy should advantageously be melted with 0.0001 to 0.05% Mg, 0.0001 to 0.03% Ca and 0.010 to 0.030% P in order to be able to set optimum material properties in the film.
  • the element Y can furthermore be wholly or partially replaced by at least one of the elements Sc and / or La and / or cerium, partial ranges of 0.02 to 0.1% by weight being conceivable.
  • the element Hf may be further characterized by at least one of the elements Sc and / or Ti and / or V and / or Nb and / or Ta and / or La and / or Cerium completely or partially replaced, with partial substitution ranges between 0.01 and 0.1% by mass are conceivable.
  • the alloy with (in wt .-%) max.0.02% N, and max. 0.005% S are melted.
  • Preferred Fe-Cr-Al alloys for use as a heating element are characterized by the following composition (in% by weight):
  • Table 1 shows industrially molten iron-chromium-aluminum alloys T1 to T3, L1 to L3 and the alloy E1 according to the invention. Films of this composition were made after melting of the alloy via block or continuous casting and hot and cold forming with required (s) intermediate annealing (s).
  • Figures 1-5 each show the course of the heat resistance in the life test on films for the alloys T3, L1-L3 according to the prior art and the inventively vulnerable batch E1.
  • a sample is taken with a strip thickness of 50 microns and cut to a width of about 6mm and subjected to the life test for films.
  • Figure 1 shows the heat resistance curve in the above-described film conductor test on one of the Aluchrom Y iron-chromium-aluminum alloys with a composition of 20 to 22% chromium, 5 to 6% aluminum, 0.01% to 0.1% carbon , Max. 0.5% Mn, max. 0.3% Si, additions of 0.01 to 0.15% Y, 0.01 to 0.1% Zr and 0.01 to 0.1% Ti, the z. B. is used as a heating element.
  • the resistance is shown relative to its initial value at the beginning of the measurement. It shows a decrease in the heat resistance. Towards the end of the further course just before the sample is burned through, the hot resistance rises sharply (in Figure 1, from approx. 100% relative burning time).
  • Aw will be the maximum deviation of the heat resistance ratio from the initial value 1, 0 at the beginning of Try (or shortly after the start after the formation of the contact resistance) until the beginning of the steep rise referred.
  • This material typically has a relative burning time of about 100% as shown by examples T1 to T3 in Table 1.
  • T1 to T3 are three batches of the prior art Aluchrom Y iron-chromium-aluminum alloys having a composition of about 20% chromium, about 5.2% aluminum, about 0.03% carbon, and additions of Y, Zr and Ti each about 0.05%. They achieve a relative burning time of 96% (T1) to 124% (T3) and an outstanding value for AW of -2 to -3%.
  • L3 is a variant of the material Aluchrom YHf according to the prior art, with an increased aluminum content of 7%.
  • the relative burning time is only 153% similar to that of L2 with 5.6% AI and even smaller, than that of L1 with 5.9 % AI.
  • An increase in the aluminum content to 7% does not appear to increase the life of Schuleiterfolien further.
  • E1 shows an alloy, as it can be used according to the invention for films in application ranges of 0.020 to 0.300 mm thickness. At 189% it has the desired high relative burning time and with an Aw of -3% at the same time a very favorable behavior of the heat resistance similar to the batches according to the prior art T1 to T3.
  • E1 is an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with 19 to 22% Cr, 5.5 to 6.5% aluminum, max. 0.5% Mn, max. 0.5% Si, max. 0.05% carbon and additions of max. 0.10% Y, max. 0.07% Zr and max. 0.1% Hf. However, unlike L1 and L2, it contains a very low carbon content of only 0.007%.
  • L1 has an A w of -5% at a carbon content of 0.026% and an A w of -8% at a carbon content of 0.029%.
  • Cu, P, Mg, Ca and V are comparable to L1 and L2 to E1.
  • a minimum content of 0.02% Y is necessary to obtain the oxidation resistance-enhancing effect of Y.
  • the upper limit is set at 0.1% by weight for cost reasons.
  • a minimum content of 0.02% Zr is necessary in order to obtain a good service life and a low A w .
  • the upper limit is set for cost reasons at 0.1 wt .-% Zr.
  • a minimum content of 0.02% Hf is necessary to obtain the oxidation resistance enhancing effect of Hf.
  • the upper limit is set for cost reasons at 0.1 wt .-% Hf.
  • the carbon content should be less than 0.020% to get a low value of Aw. It should be greater than 0.003% to ensure processability.
  • the nitrogen content should not exceed 0.03% in order to avoid the formation of processability deteriorating nitrides.
  • the content of phosphorus should be less than 0.030% since this surfactant affects the oxidation resistance. Too low a P content increases costs. The P content is therefore greater than or equal to 0.010%.
  • the levels of sulfur should be kept as low as possible because this surfactant affects the oxidation resistance. It will therefore max. 0.01% S set.
  • Chromium contents between 16 and 24% by weight have no decisive influence on the service life, as can be read in J. Klöwer, Materials and Corrosion 51 (2000), pages 373 to 385.
  • a certain chromium content is necessary because chromium promotes the formation of the particularly stable and protective ⁇ - Al 2 O 3 layer. Therefore, the lower limit is 16%.
  • Chromium contents> 24% complicate the processability of the alloy.
  • An aluminum content of 4.5% is at least necessary to obtain an alloy with sufficient life. Al contents> 6.5% no longer increase the lifetime of film heating conductors.
  • a minimum content of 0.001% Mn is required to improve processability.
  • Manganese is limited to 0.5% because this element reduces oxidation resistance.
  • Copper is heated to max. 0.5% limited as this element reduces the oxidation resistance. The same goes for nickel.
  • Molybdenum is reduced to max. 0.1% limited because this element reduces the oxidation resistance. The same goes for tungsten.
  • the contents of magnesium and calcium are set in the spread range of 0.0001 to 0.05 wt .-%, respectively 0.0001 to 0.03 wt .-%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'utilisation d'un alliage fer-chrome-aluminium ayant une durée de vie élevée et des variations faibles de résistance à la chaleur, sous la forme d'un film destiné à des éléments chauffants dont les dimensions sont de l'ordre de 0,020 à 0,300 mm d'épaisseur, l'alliage comprenant (en % en poids) de 4,5 à 6,5 % de AI, de 16 à 24 % de Cr et des ajouts de 0,05 à 0,7 % de Si, de 0,001 à 0,5 % de Mn, de 0,02 à 0,1 % de Y, de 0,02 à 0,1 % de Zr, de 0,02 à 0,1 % de Hf, de 0,003 à 0,020 % de C, max. 0,03 % de N, max. 0,01 % de S, max. 0,5 % de Cu, le reste étant du fer et des impuretés couramment présentes en raison de la fusion.
EP08706758A 2007-01-29 2008-01-15 Utilisation d'un alliage fer-chrome-aluminium ayant une durée de vie élevée et des variations faibles de résistance à la chaleur Active EP2127472B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL08706758T PL2127472T3 (pl) 2007-01-29 2008-01-15 Zastosowanie stopu żelazo-chrom-aluminium o dużej trwałości i niewielkiej zmianie oporu cieplnego

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007005154A DE102007005154B4 (de) 2007-01-29 2007-01-29 Verwendung einer Eisen-Chrom-Aluminium-Legierung mit hoher Lebensdauer und geringen Änderungen im Warmwiderstand
PCT/DE2008/000061 WO2008092420A2 (fr) 2007-01-29 2008-01-15 Utilisation d'un alliage fer-chrome-aluminium ayant une durée de vie élevée et des variations faibles de résistance à la chaleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2127472A2 true EP2127472A2 (fr) 2009-12-02
EP2127472B1 EP2127472B1 (fr) 2012-06-27

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EP08706758A Active EP2127472B1 (fr) 2007-01-29 2008-01-15 Utilisation d'un alliage fer-chrome-aluminium ayant une durée de vie élevée et des variations faibles de résistance à la chaleur

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20100092749A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2127472B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5409390B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101578911B (fr)
DE (1) DE102007005154B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2388583T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2127472T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008092420A2 (fr)

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CN102760508B (zh) * 2012-07-18 2014-05-28 中南大学 含Hf和Ce的高电导率抗蠕变铝合金电缆导体及制备方法
WO2014097562A1 (fr) * 2012-12-17 2014-06-26 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Feuille en acier inoxydable et film en acier inoxydable
KR101446688B1 (ko) * 2013-04-11 2014-10-07 (주)칩타시너지코리아 고온에서의 내구성 및 내부식성을 보유한 철-크롬-알루미늄 함금, 및 상기 합금으로 제조된 와이어 및 극세사 금속섬유
WO2018091727A1 (fr) * 2016-11-21 2018-05-24 Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation And Research Dispositif de chauffage d'un reservoir contenant un liquide corrosif
CN107805688B (zh) * 2017-11-03 2019-07-02 北京首钢吉泰安新材料有限公司 一种控制铁铬铝合金细丝米电阻波动范围的方法
TWI641001B (zh) * 2018-01-22 2018-11-11 國立屏東科技大學 薄膜電阻合金
US10883160B2 (en) 2018-02-23 2021-01-05 Ut-Battelle, Llc Corrosion and creep resistant high Cr FeCrAl alloys
CN109680206B (zh) * 2019-03-08 2020-10-27 北京首钢吉泰安新材料有限公司 一种耐高温铁铬铝合金及其制备方法
CN113802052A (zh) * 2020-06-16 2021-12-17 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 一种含Er元素的Fe-Cr-Al电热合金材料

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008092420A2 (fr) 2008-08-07
ES2388583T3 (es) 2012-10-16
WO2008092420A3 (fr) 2008-09-25
JP5409390B2 (ja) 2014-02-05
DE102007005154B4 (de) 2009-04-09
EP2127472B1 (fr) 2012-06-27
DE102007005154A1 (de) 2008-07-31
PL2127472T3 (pl) 2012-11-30
JP2010516903A (ja) 2010-05-20
US20100092749A1 (en) 2010-04-15
CN101578911A (zh) 2009-11-11
CN101578911B (zh) 2013-07-10

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