EP2130970A1 - Gemusterte Pressenbespannung - Google Patents

Gemusterte Pressenbespannung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2130970A1
EP2130970A1 EP08157689A EP08157689A EP2130970A1 EP 2130970 A1 EP2130970 A1 EP 2130970A1 EP 08157689 A EP08157689 A EP 08157689A EP 08157689 A EP08157689 A EP 08157689A EP 2130970 A1 EP2130970 A1 EP 2130970A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fabric
press fabric
pressing plates
dots
press
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08157689A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Crook
John Jeffrey
Ademar Lippi Alves Fernandes
Antony Morton
Justin Alan Payne
David Stuart Ponton
Luiz Carlos Silva
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Patent GmbH filed Critical Voith Patent GmbH
Priority to EP08157689A priority Critical patent/EP2130970A1/de
Publication of EP2130970A1 publication Critical patent/EP2130970A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F7/08—Felts
    • D21F7/083—Multi-layer felts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D21F11/006—Making patterned paper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fabric having a plurality of pressing plates. More specifically, the invention relates to a press fabric for drying a paper web, for example tissue, that has a plurality of pressing plates that aid in the pressing and may leave predetermined markings or impressions on the paper.
  • Pressing fabrics for various applications are known.
  • WO 2005/075732 to Scherb discloses a permeable belt acting with a press belt for use in a papermachine for the manufacture of tissue and/or toweling, where the web is dried by the blowing of hot air from one side of the sheet through the web to the other side of the sheet.
  • the press felt acts in the same position as a conventional press. That is, one roll is plain faced and the other is plain, grooved or drilled.
  • the fabric acts to dewater the web by transmitting the water to one or more dewatering devices.
  • US Patent No. 6,398,910 discloses a two-layer forming fabric with a structured weave having a background texture and/or a decorative pattern that can be imparted onto the web.
  • U.S. 2005/0087316 discloses the use of a stitched surface embossing element on a press fabric.
  • the stitching is arranged on the first face of the carrier layer to provide a design on the first face which is imparted by imprinting onto a resultant paper product.
  • the present invention is for a press fabric used in the production of various paper products, including paper, tissue and towels.
  • the press fabric is a conventional needle punched press felt having increased contact, or land area on the surface of the press felt due to the addition of pressing plates.
  • the press fabric of the present invention can impart a pattern, design, logo, etc. onto the resultant paper product.
  • the press fabric includes a topographical pattern.
  • the topographical pattern may be the result of a surface coating that increases the high land area on the surface of the fabric.
  • the high contact area on the surface of a conventional needle punched press felt is the result of a series of solid plastic "pressure plates" that are attached to and embedded within the surrounding textile batt fibers.
  • the pressure plates are shaped and sized such that, for a given paper grade grams per square meter (GSM), water content, furnish type, and press dwell time, there is an optimization of the mechanical pressing effect, versus the water flow requirements to ensure that excessive hydraulic pressure does not occur and disrupt the formation of the paper fibers.
  • GSM paper grade grams per square meter
  • the pressure plates need only be present. That is, the pressure plates are not required to protrude, rather, the pressure plates can be beneath the surface of the press fabric, flush with the press fabric, or above the surface of the press fabric.
  • the surface of the pressure plates can be such that they are -2 mm to + 3 mm, preferably - 1 mm to +1 mm.
  • the plates are made to a predetermined positive distance from the surface.
  • this value is a negative distance.
  • the pressing plates may also be engineered to impart a micro type and embossment to the sheet or web.
  • the result of adding these pressing plates is improvement in the aerodynamic properties at high speeds for transfer control, absorption of coatings, reeling properties, etc.
  • Application of the pressing plates can be different at different portions of the felt, for example, the quantity and size of the pressing plates can be different from the edges of the felt, for example to differentially affect the sheet edges, versus the center region of the felt.
  • the pressing plates are used to emboss the sheet or web, it is anticipated that the pressing plates will be above the surface of the press fabric a predetermined positive distance. It is also envisaged that negative embossment can be designed when the pressing plates are below the surface of the press fabric.
  • the pressing plates may also help prevent re-wet to the sheet based on the differential expansion behaviour and relative degree of micro impermeability at the surface and rate of water flow around the plates, plus the distance of the flow path in the compression phase of the press nip vs, rate of "reverse flow” (rewet) that may occur on the expansion and exit side of the press nip.
  • solid dots of resin are applied to the sheet side of a pressing fabric.
  • the resin is preferably urethane or silicone based.
  • the dots of resin are preferably formed by applying the resin using a screen printing application.
  • the dots of resin can be formed using rapid photo typing, inkjet technology, electrostatic paint spraying, powder coating application, and any other technique suitable for forming dots of resin or other suitable polymeric material on the surface of a pressing felt.
  • the resin dot pattern can be random or predetermined.
  • a predetermined pattern can be regularly spaced dots, grids, squiggly lines, shaped dots such as ovals or polygonal, words, pictures, and the like.
  • the dots of resin can be fabricated to deliberately mark the sheet for texture by affecting topography, grids, etc. In the preferred embodiment, small dot random pattern is preferred for minimal visible sheet imprint.
  • the fabric may be calendared to make the top surface of the resin dots more planar.
  • penetration of the dots into the fibrous substrate is controlled via viscosity of the resin, wetting and melt behaviour of the resin, and subsequent finishing against a hot pressing cylinder dryers and compaction rolls. Binding of the resin via its own adhesive nature, can be either cross-linkable or thermoplastic low melt.
  • the pressing plates may also enhance the bulk and absorption properties of the sheet due to differential degree of pressing.
  • a Yankee pickup felt with 3.3 dtex surface is screen printed using a random dot pattern, each dot being approximately 1.0mm diameter, and 64 dots per square centimeter, with a cross-linking polyurethane resin that penetrates into the batted surface approximately 5mm after finishing face to hot role with the compaction.
  • the fabric of this invention When used in a belt press operation, as disclosed in WO 2005/075732 , hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, the fabric of this invention includes a surface topographical pattern.
  • the pattern as discussed above, may also be made of deposited polymeric material.
  • This fabric is used in combination with two or more other fabrics as part of a belt press operation. In this concept the paper web is formed between an inner and outer fabric. The formed sheet is then carried on the inner fabric until it meets a convergence between a high tension belt on one side and the structured press fabric on the other side. The high tension belt effectively presses the "sandwich" against a suction roll.
  • a hot source for example a steam box, may be positioned above the permeable high tension belt to optimise dewatering from the sheet through the press fabric and expulsion into the suction roll.
  • the topographical pattern areas on the press fabric provide areas/points that affect the consolidation and drying of the web. This results in a structured paper web exiting the belt press.
  • the "press fabric” must run as part of the "sandwich” which consists of the high tension belt, transfer/moulding fabric to be tensioned and run around the static or rotating extended dewatering nip of the ATHOS concept.
  • the nip wrap angle is controlled by use of “lead in roll” and “lead out roll” that are within the loop of the high tension belt.
  • the nip can have a wrap angle of between 30° and 180° but preferably between 50° and 130°.
  • the ideal nip length is between 1200mm and 1500mm across a suction roll diameter of 1.40m - 1.70m.
  • the press fabric typically comprises a base structure.
  • This base structure may comprise of warp and weft yarns that are woven to form an interlaced design.
  • the yarns used to form such a base may comprise monofilament, or multifilament, or spun material or any combination of the above. It is not necessary that the base comprises yarn that are interlaced through weaving.
  • the base may comprise a non woven (e.g. membrane) style structure that may or may not contain yarns in either the machine direction (MD) or cross-machine direction (CMD). Such yarns (if present) could be encased within a polymer matrix to give integrity to the structure.
  • the base structure is designed such that it has a degree of openness - i.e. permeability.
  • a base structure may consist of a woven, non woven, spiralled entity - or any combination of the above.
  • the base structure is then further consolidated by addition of further layers (these could be laminated spun bond layers or they could consist of mechanically or chemically interlocked fibres (typically between 1.5 - 44 dtex).
  • spun bond or fibre layers may or may not be graduated in terms of finesses towards the resulting paper contacting surface. Generally the final paper contacting surface would contain the finer structure.
  • the press fabric is then subjected to controlled polymer deposition onto its paper side surface to provide the final structure.
  • Polymer may be deposited to form a structured or random dot array or it may be deposited in a more continuous way to form line based designs.
  • the resulting pattern produced on the surface of the press fabric must have integrity and should adhere through chemical interaction or mechanical interlocking, (or a combination of both) to the fibrous surface of the press fabric.
  • Typical polymer materials would be based on polyurethanes but other polymer material groups, such as esters, amides, silicones, epoxies, natural and synthetic rubbers may be equally well applied.
  • the polymer will typically resist the mechanical impositions of the press sandwich arrangement and will therefore have a final hardness in the region of 2D-98 shore A, ideally in the range 60-97 shore A.
  • the polymer would typically be essentially non-permeable to vapour once fully cured and apparent on the felt surface.
  • the polymer material may have a predetermined degree of vapour permeability. Accordingly, the desired permeability is from 0cfm to 50cfm, preferably from 0cm to 20cfm.
  • the dot or other line structure When used to mark or otherwise affect the texture of the paper or web, the dot or other line structure will have an x,y,z dimension according to the requirements for the finished paper sheet. Typically the z dimension (structure height) will be in similar proportion to the x dimension (dot/line width).
  • the y dimension (line length) may or may not be in similar proportion. For example, for a dot structure whereby the dots are to be above the surface of the press fabric, it may be that individual dots may have a z dimension height of 0.02mm - 1.0mm, more likely 0.05 - 0.50mm. For a z dimension of 0.20mm it would be typical to expect that the x and y dimension of individual dots is also of the order of 0.20mm. For a line based structure however it may be that the y dimension (line length) is the same or much greater than the z or x dimension.
  • the pattern thus formed on the surface of the press fabric may comprise discrete regular or irregular arrays or may form a single continuous effect over the whole area of the surface.
  • the effect is imparted to the sheet as it is pushed down onto the press fabric by the tension effect of the high tension belt. It is the "bottom" surface of the sheet that is the primary surface that is in contact directly with the structured press fabric. It is the same surface of the sheet that was facing the outer wire as the sheet was formed and will be the surface of the sheet that is in direct contact with the Yankee cylinder (if present).
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a fabric having dots of resin penetrating the fabric surface
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a fabric having dots of resin penetrating the fabric surface
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a fabric having resin in a trapezoidal shape penetrating the fabric surface
  • Fig. 4 is a photograph showing a perspective view of the surface dots on a fabric
  • Fig. 5 is a photograph showing a perspective view of resin dots penetrating into the batt of a press fabric
  • Fig. 6 is a photograph showing a cross section of resin dots penetrating into the batt of a press fabric
  • Fig. 7 is a plan view of a fabric having resin in a predetermined text pattern
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an advanced dewatering system of a belt press.
  • Figs. 1-3 are perspective views of a fabric 10 having protruding pressing plates 12 of resin penetrating the fabric surface 14.
  • the fabric 10 can be any fabric usable in papermaking.
  • the fabric 10 is a press felt known in the art, for example, a needle punched press felt where batt fibers are needled punched onto a supporting layer or layers.
  • the press fabric 10 typically comprises a base structure.
  • This base structure may comprise of warp and weft yarns that are woven to form an interlaced design.
  • the yarns used to form such a base may comprise monofilament, or multifilalment, or spun material or any combination of the above. It is not necessary that the base comprises yam that are interlaced through weaving.
  • the base may comprise a non woven (e.g. membrane) style structure that may or may not contain yarns in either MD or CMD. Such yarns (if present) could be encased within a polymer matrix to give integrity to the structure.
  • the base structure is designed such that it has a degree of openess - i.e. permeability.
  • the base structure may consist of a woven, non woven, spiralled entity - or any combination of the above.
  • the base structure is then further consolidated by addition of further layers (these could be laminated spun bond layers or they could consist of mechanically or chemically interlocked fibres (typically between 1.5-44 dtex). spun bond or fibre layers may or may not be graduated in terms of finesses towards the resulting paper contacting surface. Generally the final paper contacting surface would contain the finer structure.
  • the press fabric 10 is then subjected to controlled polymer deposition onto its paper side surface to provide the final structure.
  • Polymer may be deposited to form a structured or random dot array or it may be deposited in a more continuous way to form line based designs.
  • the high contact area on the fabric surface 14 of a needle punched press felt 16 is the result of a series of solid plastic pressure plates 12 that are attached to and embedded within the surrounding textile batt fibers 18.
  • the pressure plates 12 are shaped and sized such that, for a given paper grade GSM, water content, furnish type, and press dwell time, there is an optimization of the mechanical pressing effect, versus the water flow requirements to ensure that excessive hydraulic pressure does not occur and disrupt the formation of the paper fibers.
  • Figs. 4-6 are close-up photographs of the first embodiment whereby resin pressing plates 12 are incorporated into the batt fibers 18 on the surface 14 of a press felt 16.
  • the pressing plates 12 are depicted in a random or pseudo-random pattern on the surface 14 of the fabric 10. The actual locations of the pressing plates 12 may be predetermined or random.
  • the shape and size of the pressing plates 12 are such that, for a given paper grade GSM, water content, furnish type, and press dwell time, there is an optimization of the mechanical pressing effect, versus the water flow requirements to ensure that excessive hydraulic pressure does not occur and disrupt the formation of the paper fibers.
  • the pressure plates need only be present. That is, the pressure plates are not required to protrude, rather, the pressure plates can be beneath the surface of the press fabric, flush with the press fabric, or above the surface of the press fabric. Accordingly, relative to the surface of the press fabric, the surface of the pressure plates can be such that they are -2 mm to + 3 mm, preferably -1 mm to +1 mm.
  • the plates are made to a predetermined positive distance from the surface. When the pressure plates are to be below the surface of the press fabric, this value is a negative distance.
  • the pressing plates 12 may also be engineered to impart a micro type and embossment to the sheet or web.
  • the result of adding these pressing plates 12 is improvement in the aerodynamic properties at high speeds for transfer control, absorption of coatings, reeling properties, etc.
  • Application of the pressing plates 12 can be different at different portions of the fabric 10, for example, the quantity and size of the pressing plates 12 can be different from the edges of the fabric 10, for example to differentially affect the sheet edges, versus the center region of the felt.
  • the pressing plates 12 may also help prevent re-wet to the sheet based on the differential expansion behaviour and relative degree of micro impermeability at the surface.
  • solid dots of resin 12 are applied to the sheet side 14 of a pressing fabric 16.
  • the resin forming the pressing plates is preferably urethane or silicone based.
  • the dots of resin 12 are preferably formed by applying the resin using a screen printing application.
  • the dots of resin 12 can be formed using various techniques known in the are of resin application, for example, but not limited to, rapid photo typing, inkjet technology, electrostatic paint spraying, powder coating application, and any other technique suitable for forming dots of resin or other suitable polymeric material on the surface 14 of a pressing felt 16.
  • the resin dot pattern 20 can be random or predetermined.
  • a predetermined pattern can be regularly spaced dots, regular and/or irregular grids, squiggly, straight or wavy lines, a combination of any or all of squiggly, wavy and straight lines, shaped dots such as ovals or polygonal, words (as shown in Fig. 7 ), pictures, and the like, or any combination of any shape suitable for the paper making process to be performed.
  • the dot (or line structure) 20 will have an x,y,z dimension according to the requirements for the finished paper sheet.
  • the z dimension (structure height) will be in similar proportion to the x dimension (dot/line width).
  • the y dimension (line length) may or may not be in similar proportion.
  • a dot structure it may be that individual dots may have a z dimension height of 0.02mm - 1.0mm, preferably 0.05 - 0.50mm.
  • a z dimension of 0.20mm it would be typical to expect that the x and y dimension of individual dots is also of the order of 0.20mm.
  • the y dimension (line length) is the same or much greater than the z or x dimension.
  • the pattern thus formed on the surface of the press fabric may comprise discrete regular or nonregular arrays or may form a single continuous effect over the whole area of the surface.
  • the dots of resin 12 can be fabricated to deliberately mark the sheet for texture by affecting topography, grids, etc. In the preferred embodiment, small dot random pattern is preferred for minimal visible sheet imprint.
  • the fabric may be calendared to make the top surface of the resin dots more planar.
  • the resulting pattern produced on the surface 14 of the press fabric 10 must have integrity and should adhere through chemical interaction or mechanical interlocking, (or a combination of both) to the fibrous surface of the press fabric.
  • Typical polymer materials would be based on polyurethanes but other polymer material groups, such as esters, amides, silicones, epoxys, natural and synthetic rubbers may be equally well applied.
  • the polymer will typically resist the mechanical impositions of the press sandwich arrangement and will therefore have a final hardness in the region of 20-98 shore A, ideally in the range 60-97 shore A.
  • the polymer would typically be totally non-permeable to vapour once fully cured and apparent on the felt surface. It is also be envisaged that the polymer material may have a degree of vapour permeability, if desired, of 0cfm to 50cfm, preferably from 0cfm to 20cfm.
  • Penetration of the applied dots into the fibrous substrate of the fabric 10 is controlled by at least one of viscosity of the resin, wetting and melt behaviour of the resin, and subsequent finishing against a hot pressing cylinder dryers and compaction rolls. Binding of the resin via its own adhesive nature, can be either cross-linkable or thermoplastic low melt.
  • the protuberances 12 may also enhance the bulk and absorption properties of the sheet due to differential degree of pressing.
  • a Yankee pickup felt with 3.3 dtex surface is screen printed using a random dot pattern, each dot being approximately 1.0mm diameter, and 64 dots per square centimeter, with a cross-linking polyurethane resin that penetrates into the batted surface approximately .5mm after finishing face to hot roll with the compaction.
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an advanced dewatering system of a belt press, and more particularly, an advanced dewatering system 110 for processing a fibrous web 112.
  • System 110 includes a fabric 114, a suction box 116, a vacuum roll 118, a dewatering fabric 120, a belt press assembly 122, a hood 124 (which may be an air hood), a pick up suction box 126, a Uhle box 128, one or more shower units 130, and one or more savealls 132.
  • the fibrous material web 112 enters system 110 generally from the right as depicted in Fig. 8 .
  • Fibrous web 112 is a previously formed web that is formed by an apparatus which is not shown, which is placed on the fabric 114.
  • the suction device 116 provides suctioning to one side of the web 112, while the suction roll 118 provides suctioning to an opposite side of the web 112.
  • the dewatering fabric 120 may be the press fabric 10 of the present invention.
  • the fibrous web 112 is carried on the inner fabric 114 until it meets a convergence between a high tension belt on one side and the press fabric 10 on the other side.
  • the high tension belt 114 presses or "sandwiches" the fibrous web 112 against the vacuum roll 118.
  • a heat source may be positioned above the high tension belt, or inner fabric 114 to optimise dewatering from the web 112 through the press fabric 10 and expulsion into the suction roll 118.
  • the topographical pattern areas 20 on the press fabric 10 provide areas/points that affect the consolidation and drying of the web 112. This results in a structured paper web exiting the advanced dewatering system 110.
  • the nip wrap angle is controlled by use of "lead in roll” and “lead out roll” that are within the loop of the high tension belt, or inner fabric 114,
  • the nip can have a wrap angle of between 30° and 180°, but preferably between 50° and 130°.
  • the ideal nip length is between 1200mm and 1500mm across a suction roll 118 with a diameter of 1.40m - 1.70m.
  • the effect of the dots 12 or array 20 is that they impart an impression onto the sheet as it is pushed down onto the press fabric by the tension effect of the high tension belt. It is the "bottom" surface of the sheet that is the primary surface that is in contact directly with the structured press fabric. It is the same surface of the sheet that was facing the outer wire as the sheet was formed and will be the surface of the sheet that is in direct contact with the Yankee cylinder (ifpresent).

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EP08157689A 2008-06-05 2008-06-05 Gemusterte Pressenbespannung Withdrawn EP2130970A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08157689A EP2130970A1 (de) 2008-06-05 2008-06-05 Gemusterte Pressenbespannung

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08157689A EP2130970A1 (de) 2008-06-05 2008-06-05 Gemusterte Pressenbespannung

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EP2130970A1 true EP2130970A1 (de) 2009-12-09

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EP08157689A Withdrawn EP2130970A1 (de) 2008-06-05 2008-06-05 Gemusterte Pressenbespannung

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160053436A1 (en) * 2013-04-10 2016-02-25 Voith Patent Gmbh Clothing for a machine for manufacturing a web material
US20160060811A1 (en) * 2013-04-10 2016-03-03 Voith Patent Gmbh Device and method for generating a pattern on a clothing for a machine for manufacturing a web material, and clothing
WO2023204835A1 (en) * 2022-04-19 2023-10-26 Albany International Corp. Discretized patterned belt for tissues, towels, and nonwovens

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4514345A (en) * 1983-08-23 1985-04-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of making a foraminous member
US5904811A (en) * 1993-12-20 1999-05-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Wet pressed paper web and method of making the same
US6398910B1 (en) 1999-12-29 2002-06-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Decorative wet molding fabric for tissue making
US6743571B1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2004-06-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Mask for differential curing and process for making same
US20050087316A1 (en) 1999-12-29 2005-04-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Patterned felts for bulk and visual aesthetic development of a tissue basesheet
WO2005075732A2 (en) 2004-01-30 2005-08-18 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Press section and permeable belt in a paper machine

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4514345A (en) * 1983-08-23 1985-04-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of making a foraminous member
US5904811A (en) * 1993-12-20 1999-05-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Wet pressed paper web and method of making the same
US6398910B1 (en) 1999-12-29 2002-06-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Decorative wet molding fabric for tissue making
US20050087316A1 (en) 1999-12-29 2005-04-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Patterned felts for bulk and visual aesthetic development of a tissue basesheet
US6743571B1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2004-06-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Mask for differential curing and process for making same
WO2005075732A2 (en) 2004-01-30 2005-08-18 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Press section and permeable belt in a paper machine

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160053436A1 (en) * 2013-04-10 2016-02-25 Voith Patent Gmbh Clothing for a machine for manufacturing a web material
US20160060811A1 (en) * 2013-04-10 2016-03-03 Voith Patent Gmbh Device and method for generating a pattern on a clothing for a machine for manufacturing a web material, and clothing
WO2023204835A1 (en) * 2022-04-19 2023-10-26 Albany International Corp. Discretized patterned belt for tissues, towels, and nonwovens
US12460350B2 (en) 2022-04-19 2025-11-04 Albany International Corp Discretized patterned belt for tissues, towels, and nonwovens

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