EP2134811A2 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum binden von gasförmigem co2 und zur rauchgasbehandlung mit natriumcarbonatverbindungen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum binden von gasförmigem co2 und zur rauchgasbehandlung mit natriumcarbonatverbindungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2134811A2 EP2134811A2 EP08708412A EP08708412A EP2134811A2 EP 2134811 A2 EP2134811 A2 EP 2134811A2 EP 08708412 A EP08708412 A EP 08708412A EP 08708412 A EP08708412 A EP 08708412A EP 2134811 A2 EP2134811 A2 EP 2134811A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- brine
- sodium carbonate
- salt
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D7/18—Preparation by the ammonia-soda process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D7/22—Purification
- C01D7/26—Purification by precipitation or adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
- B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
Definitions
- the present application relates to methods and apparatus for binding gaseous CO 2 .
- the invention is used in connection with seawater desalination, power generation or industrial processes.
- Carbon dioxide (usually called carbon dioxide) is a chemical compound of carbon and oxygen. Carbon dioxide is a colorless and odorless gas. It is a natural constituent of the air at a low concentration and is produced in living beings during cellular respiration, but also in the combustion of carbonaceous substances under sufficient oxygen. Since the beginning of industrialization, the CO 2 share in the atmosphere has increased significantly. The main reason for this is man-made - the so-called anthropogenic - C0 2 emissions.
- the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere absorbs part of the heat radiation. This property makes carbon dioxide a so-called greenhouse gas and is one of the contributors to the greenhouse effect.
- Another disadvantage is that energy is the biggest cost factor in extracting drinking water from salty seawater. If the plant for the extraction of drinking water is connected to a conventional power plant, the required energy can be supplied by the power plant. Unfortunately arise in the
- FIG. 2 An overview of the process sequence is shown in FIG. 2
- Soda (Na 2 CO 3 ) is used in many other areas besides glass production (with silicon dioxide) and is an important raw material.
- soda Na 2 CO 3
- other substances such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) are used. It is used for the production of detergents, soaps and food as well as for dyeing and bleaching.
- soda is also found in paints, catalysts, pesticides and fertilizers, in cellulose or other substances, and in the reduction of alumina and silica.
- Soda (Na 2 CO 3 ) is used in glass production to reduce the melting temperature of the sand.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic of a conventional seawater desalination plant which can be used in the context of the present invention
- Fig. 2 shows schematically the known Solvay method
- Fig. 3 shows schematically the inventive method in a first
- Fig. 4 shows schematically a part of the device according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows schematically a further part device which can be used in the method according to the invention
- Fig. 6 shows schematically two further sub-devices which can be used in the method according to the invention
- Fig. 7 shows schematically a total flow according to the invention in
- Fig. 8 shows schematically a total flow according to the invention in
- FIG. 9 shows schematically an alternative invention
- the inventive method is based on a novel concept, which using existing starting materials, the CO 2 in
- sodium carbonate compound such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) or soda (Na 2 COs) binds.
- sodium carbonate compound is used here as a generic term for sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), light soda ash or dense soda ash, soda with crystal water or crystal water, calcined soda.
- salt water eg in the form of seawater or brine
- seawater salt water 101
- brin water 101 is preferably used to produce a concentrated aqueous sodium chloride solution therefrom.
- Sodium chloride solution is referred to here for simplicity as concentrated brine 102.
- this concentrated salt brine 102 (preferably a saturated or near-saturated brine) is produced by an evaporation process (thermal distillation process).
- the multi-stage flash evaporation has proven particularly useful.
- a corresponding system 10 is shown in FIG.
- the concentrated brine 102 preferably has a salinity greater than 200 g / L, and preferably greater than 300 g / L. It is particularly advantageous to monitor the total salt content (salinity or salt concentration) of the concentrated brine 102 by a conductivity measurement. The total salt content can also be monitored by measuring the pH and controlling the entire process.
- the multistage flash evaporation is based on the evaporation and subsequent condensation of the resulting vapor.
- the seawater (salt water 101) supplied through a conduit 11 is heated in a heating zone 12. However, before that, the seawater passes through several cooling loops 16. There, the seawater is used to cool the water vapor in low-pressure tanks 13, so that the water vapor condenses out there. After heating in the heating area 12 to temperatures above 100 0 C, the heated seawater is then passed into low-pressure tanks 13. Due to the low pressure, the water relaxes and evaporates there. This steam then condenses on the corresponding cooling loop 16 and pure water (referred to here as fresh water) is obtained in a region 17. This water can be withdrawn through a line 14. The concentrated brine 102 (NaCl-SoIe) is removed through a line 15.
- So-called multi-effect distillation (MED - multiple effect distillation) systems operate at temperatures of 63 - 80 0 C.
- the seawater is repeatedly (8 - 16 times) sprayed through heat exchanger tubes and evaporated with the return of condensation heat until all volatile substances escaped are.
- a filtering method can be used, which is based for example on a reverse osmosis.
- a membrane is used which separates a concentrated and a dilute solution from each other.
- devices and plants which consume between 3 and 10 kWh (corresponds to between 10.8 MJ and 36 MJ) energy per m 3 sea water (eg reverse osmosis plants). This energy is consumed in reverse osmosis systems in the form of electricity.
- the energy consumption is between 3 and 6 kWh of electricity (equivalent to between 10.8 MJ and 21.6 MJ) and approx. 230 MJ thermal energy per m 3 of seawater for an MSF plant and between 2 and 4 kWh of electricity (equals between 7.2 MJ and 14.4 MJ) and about 200 MJ heat energy per m 3 of seawater in a MED plant.
- the amount of energy El needed to operate the multi-stage expansion process is at least partially provided by a power plant or pyrolysis process.
- the concentrated brine 102 may also be produced from solid salt (e.g. salt from a salt mine).
- solid salt e.g. salt from a salt mine.
- solid salt can be dissolved in water.
- the water may be heated slightly to increase the solubility of the salt, or to speed up the dissolution process.
- the salinity data also apply to concentrated salt brines 102 produced from solid salt.
- the NaCl broth 102 provided from the sea water 101 or solid salt is preferably purified to remove impurities (such as calcium and magnesium).
- the impurities can be eliminated, for example, by an optional filtering step.
- This filtering step 107 is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 7, since it is optional. But it can also be carried out chemical cleaning steps.
- the processes according to the invention are based on a similar approach to the Solvay process described in the introduction. This Solvay process is shown schematically in FIG.
- FIG. 2 The basic scheme of a first process according to the invention is shown in FIG. Both in Fig. 2 and in Fig. 3, the starting materials (starting materials) and the products are shown with border, while intermediates are shown without border.
- a solid salt solution salt water 101
- the method shown in Fig. 3 employs energy El to concentrate the seawater.
- ammonia 104 (NH 3 ) is now used.
- an ammonia-containing brine (also called ammonia brine) is produced in a downstream process. This is done by introducing ammonia 104 (NH 3 ) into the concentrated brine 102 (NaCl-SoIe).
- Ammonia 104 plays the role of a catalyst in the process according to the invention. It serves to maintain a pH environment in which predominantly bicarbonate ions are present. These are necessary for the formation of the sparingly soluble and therefore separable Sodavorease sodium bicarbonate 31 NaHCO 3 .
- the process of introducing ammonia 104 (NH 3 ) into the concentrated brine 102 (NaCl-sol), also called absorption of the ammonia 104 in the brine 102, is carried out in a so-called saturation apparatus 20.
- This step is exothermic, ie it releases energy.
- a - ⁇ H is shown next to this step.
- a corresponding saturation apparatus 20 is shown greatly simplified in FIG. 4.
- a pump 21 eg a vacuum pump
- the ammonia 104 is pumped or sucked through the saturation apparatus 20 and the saturation apparatus 20 is cooled accordingly.
- a tube cooler 22 with pipes that are traversed by cold water.
- the water needed to produce the NaCl-SoIe 102 can be passed.
- seawater for example, directly after removal from the sea, passed through these tubes of the tube cooler 22, as indicated in Fig. 4.
- the seawater is preheated, which reduces the energy requirement for providing the brine 102 (if a thermal distillation method is used), since the seawater already has an elevated temperature; 2. Cooling of the ammonia-containing brine 24 takes place, which then makes it possible to dissolve significantly more CO 2 in this brine.
- the seawater has, after passing through the tube cooler 22 on the output side 23, a higher temperature than on the input side 25.
- heat energy referred to here as E3 *, passed to the sea water.
- This energy E3 * is a first portion of the further energy portion E3 needed for the thermal distillation process to provide the NaCl sol.
- the output side 23 of the Tube cooler 22 for example, be connected directly to the input side 11 of the device 10.
- the tube cooler 22 may be traversed by a heat transfer medium that transports heat through tubes to the heater 12 to assist in heating the seawater. In this case, the tube cooler 22 is not flowed through by the seawater.
- gaseous CO 2 105 is introduced into the ammonia-containing brine 24.
- This can be done by passing the ammonia-containing brine 24 eg from above into a device 30 (eg in the form of a filling tower or an evaporation plant) while at the same time pumping or blowing CO 2 from below through a supply 34 (see FIG. 5).
- the ammonia-containing brine 24 is introduced into the device 30 through a distributor head 33 or through injection nozzles.
- the sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) 31 precipitates.
- the sodium bicarbonate precipitates because it is less soluble than the resulting ammonium chloride.
- the sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) 31 is shown in a highly schematic manner in the lower region of the device 30.
- the sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) 31 can be separated from the liquid, since upon evaporation, the sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) 31 remains as a solid.
- the process according to the invention is controlled so that the sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) 31 in the aqueous solution in the device 30 has a concentration which is above 50 g / l, preferably above 100 g / l.
- a suitable control of the concentration is kept close to saturation.
- centrifuges can also be used to separate water fractions or solution fractions from sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) 31.
- the CO 2 105 is preferably derived from exhaust gases from a power plant or pyrolysis process, or from an oxidation or reduction process.
- the CO 2 105 should be as chemically pure as possible and should preferably have a concentration of at least 35% in the gas stream. Gas streams containing more than 40% of CO 2 105 are more suitable. If the CO 2 concentration should not be sufficient, a concentration step can be performed, which is represented by the block 109 in FIG. 7. This step 109 is optional, but ensures that the process according to the invention proceeds in a particularly efficient manner if the above-mentioned CO 2 concentration is maintained.
- Sodium carbonate compound eg soda 106, or sodium bicarbonate 31 (NaHCO 3 ) as a precursor of soda ash 106 is referred to herein as an efficient and highly environmentally friendly CO 2 binding capability.
- the corresponding method steps can take place, for example, in the devices 20, 30, 40.
- cooling means 32 should be used to dissipate the heat generated during the exothermic reaction (- ⁇ H in FIG. 3). This heat energy is called E3 **.
- This cooling device 32 can in turn be cooled with seawater or water, as indicated in Fig. 5. Thus, the seawater or water (further) is preheated before it is finally brought, for example in the heating 12 (see Fig. 1) to a temperature above 100 0 C.
- the cooling device 32 may be traversed by a heat transfer medium that transports heat through tubes to the heater 12 to assist in heating the seawater. In this case, the cooling device 32 is not flowed through by the seawater.
- the cooling devices 22 and 32 are connected in series and successively flowed through by seawater or water, before then the heated seawater or water enters the device 10, for example via the input side 11.
- the cooling capacity of the cooling loops 16 decreases.
- These cooling loops 16 work best at seawater temperatures below 50 0 C and preferably below 30 0 C. Therefore, in an alternative embodiment, the preheated by the waste heat E3 * and E3 ** ** water can be passed directly via a bypass line 18 in the heater 12, while cooler seawater is passed through the cooling loops 16.
- the bypass line 18 is indicated in Fig. 1 approach.
- the cooler seawater is mixed in this embodiment with the preheated seawater and then brought to about 100 0 C before it then enters the low-pressure tanks 13.
- the coolers 22 and 32 may, of course, also be connected in series when seawater desalination is not performed, but when water is to be heated, e.g. to dissolve solid salt in this water better or faster.
- ammonia 104 (NH 3 ) is used, as mentioned.
- the ammonia 104 is not consumed, but is almost completely recycled in a preferred process.
- There are several ways to provide the ammonia Particularly preferred are the following approaches.
- the ammonia 104 may either be a feedstock derived from livestock or agriculture (eg, from (pig) manure), or ammonia 104 may be recovered from the biogas plant or, preferably, the Haber-Bosch process (see below) , Alternatively, ammonia 104 may also be supplied.
- the sodium hydrogen carbonate 31 (NaHCO 3 ) can be obtained, for example, by filtering or by separation from the ammonia-containing brine 24.
- the arrow 108 in Fig. 7 shows the step of filtering or depositing.
- the sodium bicarbonate 31 (NaHCO 3 ) can be stored to permanently bind the CO 2 105.
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate 31 can also be used in be used in chemical processes where no CO 2 as possible, or where the liberated CO 2 is captured and "recycled" again.
- the fresh water produced upon heating will catch.
- the heating is preferably carried out at a temperature T ⁇ 50 ° C in order to completely prevent the release of CO 2 , or to reduce the amount of CO 2 released.
- Sodium carbonate 106 can also be obtained by calcining the
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate 31 can be prepared at temperatures between 124 ° C and 250 0 C and expelling the water. This produces raw soda. This raw soda can be dissolved in water and is then filtered. So you get heavy (dense) soda.
- Heavy (dense) soda can also be made from sodium carbonate monohydrate (Na 2 CO 3 .H 2 O) (sodium monohydrate).
- Sodium carbonate is the salt of a weak acid and reacts with stronger acids to form CO 2 .
- sodium carbonate dissolves under strong heat (hydration heat) max. 21.6 g / 100 ml and with formation of a strongly alkaline solution.
- Sodium carbonate can therefore not only be used for storing or binding CO 2 , but also as energy storage. There are two different ways to store energy.
- Sodium carbonate can be used in a system to release large amounts of CO 2 gas by adding small amounts of acid (eg HCl). This release of gas can be used to drive a turbine or generator that generates electrical energy.
- acid eg HCl
- a closed system is used, where the CO 2 GaS is again fed back into the ammonia-containing brine 24, or the CO 2 GaS is stored in bottles or tanks and resold.
- Sodium carbonate 106 can be used in a system, e.g. in the environment of a power plant or an industrial process temporarily
- Sodium carbonate 106 can be generated in solid form in the environment of a power plant, there to give it up, if necessary by adding water again energy. However, sodium carbonate 106 can also be transported to any other location. There can then be given off if required by adding water heat.
- sodium bicarbonate may also be melted by the application of heat to store heat energy in the melt.
- Sodium carbonate 106 can be used to chemically bind and store this heat energy.
- the sodium carbonate 106 can be stored to permanently bind the CO 2 .
- Calcined soda anhydrous Na 2 CO 3
- sodium carbonate 106 is stored in confined spaces, caverns, galleries, or in (steel) containers with lids to prevent the release of soda dust.
- Sodium carbonate tends to harden during storage. Therefore, according to the invention, some sodium bicarbonate ( ⁇ 10% by volume) is added.
- the sodium carbonate 106 typically has a density of about 510 to 620 kg / m 3 when prepared by the process of the present invention.
- the sodium carbonate 106 by heating (preferably by dehydration in a vacuum tower or oven) and / or by a
- Heavy sodium carbonate has a density between 960 and 1060 kg / m 3 .
- sodium carbonate 106 can also be used in chemical processes in which as far as possible no CO 2 is produced, or in which the liberated CO 2 is captured and "recycled" again.
- the facilities for further processing and utilization of the soda 106 for example a glassworks or aluminum production plants, or silicon production plants
- the soda 106 for example a glassworks or aluminum production plants, or silicon production plants
- Ammonia 104 can be prepared by directly combining nitrogen and hydrogen according to equation (7):
- Nitrogen is separated, as shown in Fig. 6 schematically by the process block
- the process block 41 may be part of a plant 40 designed to provide the ammonia 104 (NH 3 ).
- the hydrogen can be generated conventionally from methane (CH 4 ).
- This methane can be generated from a pyrolysis process, or the methane can be generated from ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl).
- NH 4 Cl ammonium chloride
- This NH 4 Cl is formed in the process of the invention as (intermediate) product, as indicated in Fig. 3. But you can also use NH 4 CI to bind more CO 2 .
- the NH 3 synthesis is preferably carried out in a NH 3 synthesis reactor, for example in the form of a cooled pressure vessel 43. carried out. Particularly preferred is in the present
- a cooling by means of seawater or water. It can also be used here, a cooling device 42, which in turn is part of a series circuit of seawater cooled cooling devices 22, 32 and
- the NH 3 synthesis of (7) provides some of the energy needed to operate the thermal distillation process to provide the NaCl lake 102 from seawater. This energy contribution is referred to as E3 ***.
- cooling with a heat transfer medium can also be carried out here, as described above, in order to convey the energy E3 *** to the heater 12.
- urea can also be prepared from the ammonia (NH 3 ) according to the following equation (8) (this is another CO 2 binding possibility):
- This method (8) can be used if, for example, urea is needed in the parallel power plant or pyrolysis process to remove soot particles or other pollutants from the exhaust gases (flue gas).
- the material group or family used has the advantage that it can be used very flexibly and relatively easily for a variety of purposes. For example, as described above, in addition to converting the CO 2 present eg in the flue gas of a power plant into sodium carbonate compound (s), the soot particles or other pollutants can be removed from the flue gas. For this, no other chemicals need to be transported with a high logistical effort, but it is possible to use the substances of the material group or family (eg urea) which are present on site.
- the urea can also be used as an energy storage, since urea can be easily and easily stored and / or transported.
- the urea can also serve as a fertilizer raw material.
- Ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) is formed in the process according to the invention as
- Ammonium chloride sublimates on heating and decomposes completely from 335 ° C into ammonia (NH 3 ) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) as shown in equation (9): H 2 O + 2 NH 4 Cl - »2 NH 3 + HCl (9)
- This process (9) can be used to recover ammonia (NH 3 ) (back).
- a corresponding schematic sequence is shown in FIG. 8.
- Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a valuable raw material for many industrial processes. If sodium (Na) is on hand, NaCI could optionally be re-made.
- ammonia (NH 3 ) (back) can also be obtained via the following optional route (10). Also in this process you win again NaCI:
- a process can be followed, which converts NaCl plus water into chlorine gas and hydrogen gas, as shown in FIG. 9. This conversion is done by impressing electricity and it produces NaOH, which in turn can be circulated.
- Hydrogen gas is an energy carrier which is e.g. stored, transported or can be used in a fuel cell.
- ammonium chloride is used, among other things, in the production of cold mixes, in dye works and tanneries. It also finds application in tinning, galvanizing or brazing, as it has the ability to form volatile chlorides with metal oxides and thus to clean the metal surface.
- ammonium sulfide (NH 4 HSO 4 ) can also be produced from the ammonium chloride, as described, for example, in Mexican Patent Publication No. MXNL03000042 entitled "PROCESS FOR
- the ammonium chloride can also be used as a hydrogen storage. From the ammonium chloride can be split off hydrogen and convert this hydrogen according to the following reaction equation (11) with CO 2 to methane and water.
- the process (11) takes place at about 1250 0 C and is exothermic (releases energy). The corresponding amount of energy released at (11) can be used as an energy contribution E3 **** in the process for producing the NaCl sol.
- This method (11) is presently particularly preferred, since on the one hand CO 2 is bound and on the other hand methane can be made available. Methane is a valuable source of energy that can be stored and transported. It is particularly advantageous if in the context of the invention, the methane is used to provide at least a portion of the amount of energy El, which is needed for the production of NaCI SoIe.
- the methane can also be converted or liquefied into longer-chain hydrocarbons.
- ammonium chloride as an (intermediate) product for other important processes, or to convert the ammonium chloride into corresponding products.
- NaOH can e.g. prepared according to the following procedure (12):
- Sodium hydroxide is well soluble in water.
- the sodium hydroxide is another
- sodium hydroxide can also be converted to sodium carbonate (heavy, dense soda) by adding CO 2 , as shown in (13):
- the sodium hydroxide can thus also be used for storing or binding CO 2 .
- the sodium hydroxide is useful according to the invention as a material for storing energy.
- Sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution sodium hydroxide solution
- the solid sodium hydroxide stores a large amount of energy. If necessary, most of this energy can be released again by mixing sodium hydroxide with water. This creates heat.
- sodium hydroxide can thus e.g. as a temporary energy storage use.
- sodium hydroxide can also be produced in solid form in the environment of a power plant and transported to any other location. There can then be released if necessary by adding water heat.
- Modified soda / potash digestion NaOH or even a strong soda-potash solution dissolves silicates, Al 2 O 3 or SiO 2 , in which it is hydrolyzed to low-linked silicates (mainly ring and chain silicates [SiO 3 ] n 2n " ).
- the soda ash 106 may be used according to the invention in a modified soda / potash digestion, eg in aluminum production for melting point depression (fluorine free without cryolite) or in the production of silicon from sand where the soda 106 reduces the melting point of sand.
- This silicon can in turn be used to react with the carbon from the CO 2 exothermic to silicon carbide (SiC).
- Another essential aspect of the invention is seen in the fact that the binding of CO 2 , which originates from a combustion, pyrolysis or other industrial process, in addition to the valuable soda 106 or the sodium hydrogen carbonate 31 also produces drinking water / fresh water. This water is virtually a waste product and can be used eg for the drinking water supply.
- the water can be used for the irrigation of plantings and new plantings. This creates "living biomass,” which through photosynthesis helps to bind more CO 2 , creating a real “avalanche” effect by "irrigating" desert areas.
- AION® Powders / Building Materials From the reaction products, which are provided according to the invention, important building materials can be manufactured.
- One example is ceramic AION powder. This powder can be prepared, for example, by grinding a mixture of aluminum and alumina in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, this powder is heated in an inert gas atmosphere to produce a homogeneous aluminum oxynitride material therefrom. Details can be found in US Pat. No. 6,955,798.
- the aluminum required can be made with the soda 106 according to the invention in a modified soda / potash digestion.
- a sodium carbonate solution can be used to bind CO 2 by means of chemical absorption.
- a sodium carbonate solution can be used to bind CO 2 by means of chemical absorption.
- a sodium carbonate solution is provided in a bypass tank, so that C0 2 gas stream can be quasi cached, if problems arise with the chemical CO 2 binding process, which converts CO 2 into a sodium carbonate compound Having to release CO 2 into the environment.
- the sodium carbonate solution acts as a temporary, chemical buffer for buffering a certain amount of CO 2 -GaS.
- the sodium carbonate preferably the sodium bicarbonate
- the sodium carbonate can be used for flue gas purification as follows. Ground or powdered sodium bicarbonate is blown into the flue gas to be purified. Preferably, such a cleaning step is carried out after the fly ash (soot) has been removed from the nitrous oxide and before the CO 2 according to the invention is converted into a sodium carbonate compound.
- the blowing in of the sodium bicarbonate leads to a neutralization of the acidic flue gas components (such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and hydrogen fluoride (HF)).
- HCl hydrogen chloride
- SO 2 sulfur dioxide
- HF hydrogen fluoride
- the injection of sodium bicarbonate has the advantage that even heavy metals can be adsorbed.
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate in relation to the fossil fuel burned in a fossil power plant that For example, in the case of 100 kg of hard coal, between 0.5 and 3 kg of sodium bicarbonate are blown into the flue gas. The injection of 2.1 to 3 percent by weight of sodium bicarbonate has proven particularly useful.
- Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) or (crystal) soda (Na 2 CO 3 -IOH 2 O) can be used as a chemical heat storage (latent heat storage). By supplying / impressing heat energy (eg waste heat of a power plant or a heating system), the water content (eg in the form of crystal water) can be given off. Instead of the sodium bicarbonate or the (crystal) soda and sodium acetate (Na (CH 3 COO)) can be used. Na (CH 3 COO) -3H 2 O trihydrate is suitable as latent heat storage. Sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) can be converted to sodium acetate.
- Sodium carbonate e.g. Dissolves in water under strong heat (hydration heat) of max. 21.6 g / 100 ml and with formation of a strongly alkaline solution.
- energy can be stored in molten salts (e.g., molten soda).
- a corresponding heat storage must be thermally insulated in order to release any heat energy to the outside. When solidifying, heat energy is released again.
- sodium carbonate Na 2 CO 3
- sodium carbonate is suitable as a heat storage because sodium carbonate melts at elevated temperature or when applying alternating current.
- the process of binding gaseous CO 2 comprises in summary the following exemplary steps: a. Provide saline water 101, preferably seawater, b. Producing a concentrated salt brine 102 with increased salt concentration from the saline water, c. Providing ammonia 104 (NH 3 ), d. Providing CO 2 105 from an oxidation or reduction process, e. introducing the ammonia 104 (NH 3 ) into the concentrated brine 102 to obtain an ammonia-containing brine 24 and introducing the CO 2 105, f. Separating sodium carbonate compound, preferably sodium hydrogen carbonate 31 (NaHCO 3 ), from the ammonia-containing brine 24, h. optionally capturing and providing fresh water resulting from heating the saline water 101, i. optionally converting the sodium carbonate compound into light or heavy soda 106.
- a. Provide saline water 101, preferably seawater
- b. Producing a concentrated salt brine 102 with increased salt concentration from the sa
- Converting light soda into a heavier (denser) form of soda requires energy.
- energy is often available that is not used efficiently.
- the excess heat energy from a fossil power plant process can be used to refine the CO 2 -binding sodium carbonate compound.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08708412A EP2134811A2 (de) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-01-30 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum binden von gasförmigem co2 und zur rauchgasbehandlung mit natriumcarbonatverbindungen |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07104246A EP1961479A3 (de) | 2007-01-11 | 2007-03-15 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum binden von gasförmigem C02 im Zusammenhang mit Meerwasserentsalzung |
| EP07107134A EP2017223A3 (de) | 2007-01-11 | 2007-04-27 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Energiegewinnung und Meerwasserentsalzung mit kontrolliertem Einsatz von Treibhausgasen sowie zur Bereitstellung von Holzkohleartigen Düngern mit negativem CO2-Beitrag |
| EP08708412A EP2134811A2 (de) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-01-30 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum binden von gasförmigem co2 und zur rauchgasbehandlung mit natriumcarbonatverbindungen |
| PCT/EP2008/051097 WO2008110405A2 (de) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-01-30 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum binden von gasförmigem co2 und zur rauchgasbehandlung mit natriumcarbonatverbindungen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2134811A2 true EP2134811A2 (de) | 2009-12-23 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08708412A Withdrawn EP2134811A2 (de) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-01-30 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum binden von gasförmigem co2 und zur rauchgasbehandlung mit natriumcarbonatverbindungen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100196244A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2134811A2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008110405A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2009317875B2 (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2015-09-17 | University Of South Australia | Utilisation of desalination waste |
| US20100209997A1 (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2010-08-19 | Codexis, Inc. | Carbonic anhydrase polypeptides and uses thereof |
| JP5268719B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-11 | 2013-08-21 | 株式会社東芝 | 海水を利用した排ガス中の二酸化炭素の除去方法及びシステム |
| US8795405B1 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2014-08-05 | Shaw Intellectual Property Holdings, Llc | Beneficial use of carbon |
| AU2011202257B2 (en) * | 2010-02-19 | 2012-11-15 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Vapour suppression additive |
| CA2803952C (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2020-03-24 | Codexis, Inc. | Highly stable beta-class carbonic anhydrases useful in carbon capture systems |
| CA2803959C (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2021-01-19 | Codexis, Inc. | Chemically modified carbonic anhydrases useful in carbon capture systems |
| WO2012003277A2 (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-05 | Codexis, Inc. | Highly stable beta-class carbonic anhydrases useful in carbon capture systems |
| WO2013181827A1 (zh) * | 2012-06-07 | 2013-12-12 | Ge Wenyu | 以海水为原料生产植物氮肥营养液的方法及设备 |
| EP2757071B1 (de) * | 2013-01-17 | 2018-05-02 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Integriertes Kohlenstoffdioxidbeseitigungs- und Ammoniak-Soda-Verfahren |
| KR101375987B1 (ko) | 2013-09-10 | 2014-03-19 | 소재한 | 해수담수화 역삼투압 농축 폐액과 합성천연가스 부생가스를 이용한 소다회의 제조방법 |
| CN103588226B (zh) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-12-02 | 中国成达工程有限公司 | 一种以烟道气补充co2制备纯碱的方法 |
| PL413004A1 (pl) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-16 | Izabella Bogacka | Sposób neutralizacji emisji dwutlenku węgla |
| US10293304B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-05-21 | John E. Stauffer | Carbon dioxide recovery using an absorption column in combination with osmotic filters |
| US20170014760A1 (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-19 | John E. Stauffer | Carbon dioxide recovery |
| US10493397B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-12-03 | John E. Stauffer | Carbon dioxide recovery |
| CN110520717A (zh) * | 2017-03-03 | 2019-11-29 | 斯伦贝谢技术有限公司 | 电导探针流体性质测量系统和相关方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5275794A (en) * | 1991-11-20 | 1994-01-04 | Luna Raymundo R | Process for producing sodium bicarbonate from natural soda salts |
| NO317918B1 (no) * | 2002-02-15 | 2005-01-03 | Sargas As | Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av ferskvann og rensing av karbondioksyd |
-
2008
- 2008-01-30 WO PCT/EP2008/051097 patent/WO2008110405A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-01-30 EP EP08708412A patent/EP2134811A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-01-30 US US12/531,489 patent/US20100196244A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008110405A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2008110405A2 (de) | 2008-09-18 |
| US20100196244A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
| WO2008110405A3 (de) | 2010-09-30 |
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