Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
  • F25J3/0695—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
  • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
  • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
  • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
  • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
  • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
  • F25J1/0247—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control start-up of the process
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/0295—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used, e.g. sieve plates, packings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
  • F25J3/0605—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the feed stream
  • F25J3/062—Refinery gas, cracking gas, coke oven gas, gaseous mixtures containing aliphatic unsaturated CnHm or gaseous mixtures of undefined nature
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
  • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
  • F25J3/0635—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
  • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
  • F25J3/064—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
  • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
  • F25J3/0655—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of hydrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
  • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
  • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
  • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
  • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
  • F25J2270/18—External refrigeration with incorporated cascade loop
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
  • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
  • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
  • F25J2280/10—Control for or during start-up and cooling down of the installation

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an exchange line and a method for cooling such a line of exchange.
• cryogenics to fractionate a gas stream into at least two fluids of different composition, generally into a fluid said to be light, that is to say composed essentially of the most volatile constituents and into a so-called heavy fluid consisting essentially of the most easily condensable constituents.
• the mixture to be fractionated is cooled in an exchanger or in a set of exchangers called the exchange line until obtaining a diphasic liquid / vapor mixture extracted from said exchange line and separated into a liquid-vapor separation device.
• the steam can be cooled again until a new diphasic state is obtained and fractionated a second time.
• liquid-vapor separator will be used to encompass all equipment generating at least one liquid outlet and one gas outlet from at least one two-phase supply.
• This equipment can be of the vertical or horizontal gravity separator type, equipped or not with a mist eliminator, of the cyclone type, or of a distillation column ...
• the liquid outlet may contain a small amount of bubbles driven by the speed of the liquid as the vapor outlet may contain liquid droplets or aerosols without departing from the scope of the invention.
• Other applications include recovering a methane-rich fluid and a methane-depleted fluid from a source rich in various hydrocarbons. In this way, it is also possible to obtain several fluids such as a fraction rich in methane, a fraction rich in ethane or ethylene, and a C3 + fraction.
• This type of process makes it possible in particular to recover hydrogen with a purity of approximately 95% from a mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbons, to eliminate a part of the nitrogen contained in gas rich in hydrocarbons. hydrocarbons. It also makes it possible to recover a fraction very rich in CO2 and a waste gas containing lighter constituents such as N 2 , Argon, O 2 ...
• This fractionation may not be a goal in itself but only a means to provide cooling capacity for liquefying another fluid such as natural gas.
• the various separated fluids are recombined after heating, recompressed and reinjected into the exchange line. This is called a refrigeration cycle.
• the exchangers may be of the coil type, tube exchanger and shell or preferably of the plate heat exchanger type.
• numerous improvements have been made to the exchange waves and the introduction of fluids, in particular two-phase fluids, into these exchangers in order to optimize the heat transfer.
• This example relates to obtaining hydrogen under pressure at a purity of 95% from a gaseous mixture under pressure containing approximately 70% of hydrogen, 18% methane and 12% heavier hydrocarbons.
• the mixture to be separated 1 is introduced at ambient temperature and under a pressure of 40 bar absolute into the plate heat exchanger 10 to be cooled via the exchange passages 11.
• the fluid 1 At a first temperature level depending on the composition of the hydrocarbons, heavier and pressure, generally from -40 to -120 ° C., the fluid 1, then two-phase, is extracted from the exchanger and separated into its vapor fraction 2 and its liquid fraction 3 in the liquid-gas separator 30.
• the liquid fraction 3 is released via the expansion valve 50 to low pressure and revaporized in the exchange line via the exchange passages 13.
• the vapor phase 2 enriched in hydrogen and methane is again cooled in the exchanger 20 via the passages 22, partially condensed and extracted to - 160 ° C.
• the vapor fraction 4 from the separator 40 constitutes the production of hydrogen at 95% molar content. It is then reheated in the passages 24 and 14 of the exchangers 20 and 10.
• the liquid fraction 5 consisting mainly of methane is expanded at low pressure in the valve 60, revaporized in the exchanger 20 (passages 24) and reheated in the exchanger 10 (passages 14).
• the fluids 6 and 7 associated respectively with the exchangers 20 and 10 may optionally be used as a refrigerating auxiliary. It may be external fluids such as liquid nitrogen from a storage or a nearby air separation device, or a fluid internal to the process, such as a fraction of the hydrogen produced, partially heated and then expanded in an expansion turbine and reinjected at the cold end of the exchanger 20.
• expansion valves 50 and 60 serve to relax liquids with a high pressure, here 40 bar abs., Until low pressure. It is therefore small valves.
• the procedure for obtaining the normal operating conditions here a first cut-off temperature between the exchangers 10 and 20 of -80 ° C. for example and a cold end temperature of -80 ° C., is called the cold-setting of the exchange line. 160 ° c to obtain the required purity from equipment at room temperature or ambient, if the exchange line has not had time to reach the ambient temperature.
• the problem of a cooling using the only free expansion of the gas to be treated in the expansion valves 50, 60 and possibly 70 is that the total flow expanded is very low and therefore the cooling capacity obtained is itself very low.
• this cooling capacity is intended to cool the exchange line, ancillary equipment such as separators, to compensate for heat losses, ie exchanges with the outside environment ... Such cooling can take place. dozens of hours and even possibly not to achieve the desired operating point.
• cooling supply circuits 6 and 7 for example to hasten the cold setting.
• These passages 26 and 27 can be used permanently or only temporarily during the cooling phases.
• liquid nitrogen at low or preferably medium pressure to accelerate the achievement of target temperature levels.
• brazed aluminum plate heat exchangers which to date constitute the bulk of the exchange lines of cryogenic gas separation or liquefaction units.
• a method of cryogenic separation, refrigeration or liquefaction of a fluid by means of an exchange line comprising:
• phase separator The separation of said two-phase fluid into at least one vapor fraction and a liquid fraction in a phase separator
• At least one of the first and second expansion means is a valve
• the first and the second detent means are installed in parallel; steam is sent from the phase separator to a third expansion means and, during the cooling of said exchange line, at least a fraction of the steam is expanded in a second expansion means in parallel with the third means of relaxation;
• the CV of the second expansion means equals 3 times the CV, preferably 5 times the CV of the first expansion means;
• the CV of the second expansion means equals 3 times the CV, preferably 5 times the CV of the third expansion means;
• the second expansion means is manually controlled or the pressure of the supply gas is regulated;
• the cryogenic separation is a process for separating hydrocarbons or producing hydrogen, preferably of 90 to 98% purity or production of CO2, preferably of greater than 95% purity, still more preferably greater than 98% or a process for removing nitrogen or argon from a heavier fraction or the liquefaction is liquefaction of natural gas.
• This figure shows the modifications made to the cold end of the exchange line described above. These modifications can also be made at the first separator pot 30 and more generally at each expansion of a liquid fraction.
• the invention consists in adding to the diagram corresponding to the normal operation in steady state mode, a so-called chilling expansion valve used only (or mainly) during start-up of the unit.
• this valve is twofold. It first allows to relax a large flow of gas thus considerably increasing the cooling capacity produced by the unit itself, that is to say that it reduces the cold time and normally allows it alone to achieve the required levels of temperature.
• this valve allows first to partially cool the equipment and to limit all the thermal shocks but especially to rebalance the exchange line by circulating large flows in the revaporization passages 25 and 13.
• This new valve must therefore allow to relax a large fraction of the high pressure gas, here the fluid 2, and to introduce this expanded fluid into the passages 25 devolved normally to the liquid fraction 5.
• This valve will preferably be installed in bypass of the expansion valve 60. It will then be about 10 times larger. This is the valve 61 of Figure 2.
• valve 81 It is also possible to add a valve between the fluid 2, that is to say between the outlet of the exchanger and the separator pot 40, and the inlet of the passages 25: this is then the valve 81.
• the additional expansion valve 61, 71 or 81 may pass a flow of an order of magnitude at least 10 times greater than that able to be expanded in the valve 60 or 70.
• This additional valve will be gradually closed as and when cold, especially since liquid will appear at the outlet of the exchanger.
• HIC human operator controlled
• PIC high pressure
• valves it is not possible with the vast majority of commercial valves to have both a valve to pass a large gas flow, ie to have a CV at full opening 10 or more and then regulate with an opening corresponding to a CV of about 0.3. It is conventional to use a valve in an opening range of a factor 5, preferably 3, ie for example with a CV of 0.1 to 0.5 or 0.1 to 0.3 but not beyond.
• a factor of 5 (or 3) usually makes it possible to perform the nominal run and the reduced (reduced flow) steps without any particular regulation problem.
• the expansion valve 60 makes it possible to maintain the level liquid in the separator pot 40. It therefore controls the liquid flow expanded and revaporized in the exchange line. This flow being the main refrigeration supply of the exchanger 20, it is understood that its regulation is critical. It would be totally impossible with an oversized valve, let alone with a valve 10 times larger than necessary.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-04-13 FR FR0754462A patent/FR2914990B1/fr active Active
• 2008
  • 2008-04-02 CN CN2008800159487A patent/CN102099647A/zh active Pending
  • 2008-04-02 EP EP08788101.7A patent/EP2137475B1/de active Active
  • 2008-04-02 WO PCT/FR2008/050575 patent/WO2008139085A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2008-04-02 US US12/595,644 patent/US20100126215A1/en not_active Abandoned

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