EP2153902A2 - Séparateur électrostatique et système de chauffage - Google Patents

Séparateur électrostatique et système de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2153902A2
EP2153902A2 EP09167685A EP09167685A EP2153902A2 EP 2153902 A2 EP2153902 A2 EP 2153902A2 EP 09167685 A EP09167685 A EP 09167685A EP 09167685 A EP09167685 A EP 09167685A EP 2153902 A2 EP2153902 A2 EP 2153902A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrostatic precipitator
heating
channel
particle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09167685A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2153902B1 (fr
EP2153902A3 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Steiner
David Schuetz
Tania Gonzalez-Baquet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2153902A2 publication Critical patent/EP2153902A2/fr
Publication of EP2153902A3 publication Critical patent/EP2153902A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2153902B1 publication Critical patent/EP2153902B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/08—Ionising electrode being a rod
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/12—Cleaning the device by burning the trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/102—Intercepting solids by filters electrostatic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a heating system for generating energy by means of combustion of an energy carrier with an electrostatic precipitator according to claim 7.
  • emission control systems are used in biomass heating systems, where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur.
  • particulate matter which consists essentially of different proportions of carbon, potassium and / or calcium compounds, as a pollutant content is a disadvantage in conventional biomass heating systems.
  • An emission control system which is used for biomass heating systems to reduce particulate matter emission.
  • the device described therein can be installed in a flue gas channel and for this purpose has a lid which can be placed gas-tight on an associated opening on a flue gas channel.
  • a spray electrode for example in the form of a rod, is held over an insulating holder.
  • a high-voltage transformer with rectifier function allows the construction of a high DC voltage between the wire and the lid, which is electrically connected to the furnace tube, so that it acts as a collector electrode.
  • Such an electrostatic filter with a spray electrode and a collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator.
  • This will be used for exhaust gas purification in one Exhaust pipe used a heating system.
  • a capacitor is formed by the spray, which runs approximately centrally through the exhaust pipe and therefore also referred to as the center electrode, and a peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe.
  • the spray or center electrode generally has a circular cross section in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, wherein the diameter of the cross section or the radius of curvature is generally formed relatively small (for example, less than 0.4 mm).
  • a field extending transversely to the flow direction is formed by field lines from the center electrode to the collector electrode through the center electrode and the collector electrode formed by the lateral surface.
  • a high voltage is applied to the center electrode, for example in the range of 15 kV.
  • a corona discharge is formed, through which the particles flowing through the field in the exhaust gas are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, most of the particles migrate through the electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.
  • a disadvantage of the electrostatic precipitators according to the prior art is that it comes after a longer period of operation to a continuous degradation of the corona current at a constant high voltage. As a result, the charging efficiency of the electrode decreases, which in turn reduces the separation efficiency of the entire system.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electrostatic precipitator, which overcomes this disadvantage and in particular prevents or reduces the deposition of particles on the electrode in order to increase the service life of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a heating system with a separator according to the invention, which guarantees reliable exhaust gas purification.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is characterized in that in the electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system, with a flow channel having a channel wall and a channel inside, through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, and in the channel interior substantially in Provided flow direction electrode to form an electric field between the electrode and the channel wall, is provided that at least one further heatable Pumbleabweisesch is included, which prevents or reduces the possibility that particles of the exhaust gas deposited on the electrode, in particular permanently deposit.
  • the particle repelling agent effectively prevents or reduces at least deposition of particles on the electrode.
  • the particle repelling agent can effectively reduce the deposition of particulates on other components of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the fact that the electrode is formed directly heated, can effectively prevent or reduce particle deposition.
  • the electrode may be formed as a wire, which combines the functions of a heating wire and an electrode.
  • electrical current can be passed through the wire, which heats the electrode, that is, the current-carrying portion or wire, so that particle deposition is prevented or at least reduced due to the thermophoresis described in more detail below, or a still existing deposit can be burned free ,
  • the directly heated electrode is formed at least partially of a suitable material and / or a suitable geometry in order to realize a higher electrical resistance for heating the electrode to a corresponding temperature.
  • a suitable material is, for example, a chromium-nickel steel or other material having an electrical resistance of about 1.12 ohm * mm 2 / m, or other suitable range, for example, depending on the geometry.
  • a suitable geometry of the electrode wire may be, for example, a wire having a length of about 0.5 m and a diameter in the range of about 0.3 to 0.4 mm. The geometry and or material may be selected to provide electrical resistance of about 5 to 10 ohms can be achieved for the electrode.
  • the cross section of the wire may have any shape, for example circular.
  • the cross-section in the direction of the wire over the length vary, that is, the wire can be made thicker or thinner.
  • the cross section can be varied both in terms of cross-sectional area, as well as in terms of cross-sectional shape, for example from square to circular.
  • An embodiment of the electrostatic precipitator provides that the electrode is non-linearly extending to provide a larger active area of action in the flow channel.
  • Nonlinear in the present case does not mean as a straight line, but rather curved, bent, coiled, kinked or the like.
  • the electrode may be formed at least partially helically with a suitable pitch so that adjacent areas of the electrode do not interfere with each other negatively.
  • the electrode is designed as a closed wire loop.
  • a simple current-flowable electrode can be created, which can be heated by appropriate energization targeted. Due to the loop or loop-shaped formation also the effective area of the electrode is increased.
  • the electrode has, at least in sections, current-flowable lugs, such as projections, in order to provide a larger active area of action.
  • the electrode may be formed, for example, barbed wire or with nubs.
  • different particle repelling means may be provided, for example, mechanical Péroabweisesch comprising a vibrator or the like.
  • Another example of a different particle repelling agent may be a fluid injection device that mechanically minimizes permanent attachment of particulates to the separator or its components by injecting a fluid and the associated exposure of the fluid to particles.
  • an embodiment provides that a plurality of heatable Pumbleabweisesch are provided to heat the electrode for particle rejection, wherein a heating of the Pumbleabweisestoff separately or at least partially realized together.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides that further means for high voltage and heating operation of the electrostatic precipitator are provided. These means may include appropriate switching and / or control device, in particular electrical switching and or control devices.
  • the means include isolating transformer means for realizing a high voltage supply and a low voltage supply separable from each other for the operation of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the high voltage supply and the low voltage supply can be done simultaneously or alternately.
  • the heating system according to the invention for generating energy by burning an energy source such as biomass is characterized in that it has a fine dust emitting heating system such as a biomass heating system for burning the energy carrier, wherein particle-containing exhaust gases, and an inventive electrostatic precipitator is provided.
  • An avoidance or reduction of fine dust deposits on the electrode is realized.
  • a directly heated electrode can be compared to an indirect heating of the electrode, the high-voltage insulation between the electrode and heat conductor realized only as a mechanical stabilization used ceramic (10b) or otherwise completely avoided.
  • a loop or loop By forming a loop or loop, a shorter length of the electrode can be realized compared to a helical formation.
  • the active surface or the area of action of the electrode can be increased by the non-linear design of the electrode, which is also called center or spray electrode, possibly also with projections.
  • a surface in the particle-laden exhaust gas stream of a firewood plant or an internal combustion engine or the like is heated to about 100 K above the surrounding gas temperature, then the temperature gradient to the surroundings reliably prevents the deposition of especially small, distinctly submicron particles ( ⁇ 200 nm).
  • the charging efficiency of the spiral or loop electrode is not reduced in the locally low-particle volume surrounding it, since the mean free path of the ions, which charge the fine dust particles, is increased by the temperature increase.
  • the ceramic heating element including the electrode wound around it is burned free of the combustible, deposited soot particles. They represent the main constituent of particulate matter in burning firewood.
  • the system can also be mechanically freed of fine dust deposits by a vibrating device. Also for their activation, the shift of the current / voltage characteristic of the high voltage supply can be used.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a longitudinal cross section through an embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator 1 according to the invention, wherein the section extends approximately through the center of an exhaust pipe 2 and so is only a part of the electrostatic precipitator 1 is.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 is in an exhaust pipe 2 (only partially).
  • the flow channel 3 is formed as a tubular section of the exhaust pipe 2 and comprises a channel wall 4 and a channel interior 5.
  • particulate exhaust gas flows in the direction of flow also represented by the arrow P.
  • an electrode 6, which is also referred to as a center electrode, spray electrode or corona electrode extends in the interior of the flow channel 3.
  • the flow channel 3 is preferably formed in cross-section in the flow direction P rotationally symmetrical about a central axis A.
  • the electrode 6 extends substantially along this central axis A.
  • the electrode 6 is fed via an electrode feed 7, which is covered with an insulator 8.
  • the electrode 6 forms a charging unit, in which particles can be charged electrically.
  • the electrode 6 forms with the channel wall 4, applying a high voltage, an electric field whose field lines extend substantially radially to the electrode 6 and the channel wall 4, substantially transversely, more precisely at right angles to the flow direction P.
  • a first particle repellent 9a is integrated in the insulator 8.
  • the first Prismabweisestoff 9 a is formed as a heating element for the insulator 8, which in the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment in the form of the insulator 8 penetrating heating wires is realized.
  • a second Prismabweisestoff 9 b is integrally formed with the electrode 6.
  • the second Prismabweisestoff 9b is formed as a heatable Prismabweisestoff, which is realized in the present case as a heating ceramic 10.
  • the heating ceramic 10 comprises a holder 10a and a rod-shaped heating element 10b.
  • the holder 10a and the heating element 10b are connected to each other.
  • the holder 10a and the heating element 10b are arranged L-shaped relative to one another.
  • Through the heating ceramic 10 extends a heating wire 11.
  • the holder 10a projects radially from the outside through the pipe wall 4 in the channel interior 3, approximately to the central axis A.
  • the heating element 10b protrudes approximately along the central axis A against the flow direction P in the direction insulator 8.
  • the electrode 6, which is fed via the electrode feed 7, is spirally wound around the heating element 10b, wherein the distances of the turns are formed approximately equidistant, preferably at a distance of about 10 mm. That way is the Effect surface of the electrode 6 per channel section in the flow direction P increases.
  • the heating ceramic (10) can ensure the heating process of the helical electrode 6.
  • the electrode 6 can be formed, for example, as a closed wire loop, that this is heated when energized by flowing current (transformer device necessary).
  • the heating ceramic (10) can be replaced by a holder without heating function. The holder then serves to stabilize the self-heating electrode (6).
  • a third Prismabweisestoff 9c is integrated with the heating ceramic 10, more precisely a projecting over the channel wall 4 to the outside part of the holder 10, formed.
  • the third Prismabweisestoff 9c is designed as a mechanical Prismabweisestoff, which is realized here by a vibrator 12.
  • the vibrator 12 generates vibrations, which are transmitted via the holder 10 a on to the heating element 10 b. As a result of the vibrations, particles adhering to the ceramic heater 10 and / or the electrode 6 are removed mechanically or prevented or reduced from adhering.
  • At least one particle-repelling agent 9 may be designed differently and / or one or two of the particle-repelling agents 9a, 9b, 9c may be dispensed with.
  • Another embodiment shows Fig. 2 ,
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator 1 'according to the invention. Identical or similar parts are identified by the same reference numerals. A detailed description of already described components is eliminated.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 'after Fig. 2 is based on the same principle as the electrostatic precipitator 1 after Fig. 1 differs only by the execution of the second Prismabweisestoffs 9b, wherein for ease of illustration, the Prismabweisesch 9c is not shown explicitly, this as well as the first Prismabweisestoff 9a may also be omitted.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 ' is arranged in an exhaust pipe 2 (only partially shown) of an exhaust gas purification system not shown here and includes a flow channel 3.
  • the flow channel 3 is formed as a tubular portion of the exhaust pipe 2 and includes a channel wall 4 and a channel interior the flow channel 3 flows not shown here, particle-containing exhaust gas in the also not illustrated flow direction.
  • the electrode 6, which in the present case is designed as a closed wire loop 6b and forms the second particle-repelling agent 9b and the electrode 6 in a common component-a directly heated electrode-extends inside the flow channel 3.
  • the electrode 6 is fed via an electrode feed 7, which is covered with the insulator 8.
  • the third particle-repelling agent 9c is in the schematic Fig. 2 not shown.
  • the third particle-repelling agent 9c may be as shown in FIG Fig. 1 be educated.
  • the particle-repelling agent 9c may be formed, for example, as a fluid injection device. This serves to liberate the spray electrode 6 and, if appropriate, further particle-laden parts from the particles by means of a jet or several jets.
  • the means 13 comprise a transformer device 14, which in Fig. 3 is described in more detail.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a power supply of the separator 1 and 1 'according to the invention. Shown is a (separation) transformer device 14, more specifically their windings, a primary winding 14a and a secondary winding 14b. Further, a high voltage module 15 is conductively connected to the secondary winding 14b.
  • the transformer device 14 with the windings 14a, 14b and the high voltage module 15 and the corresponding lines 16 form among other things the means for high voltage and heating operation 13 of the electrostatic precipitator 1,1 '.
  • the functionality is essentially the following:
  • the electrode 6 is at a high voltage level (about 12-25 kV).
  • the above-mentioned heating or heating function of the electrode 6 can be realized in several ways:
  • the electrode 6 is at a high voltage level (HV).
  • a low-voltage heating supply (NV) for the realization of the heating function is galvanically completely separated from a ground level.
  • the isolation transformer device 14 is also used in the high-voltage measuring technology as a current transformer realized.
  • the windings are potted, their insulation must protect each half of the value of the high voltage with respect to the iron core of the isolation transformer device 14.
  • a rapidly alternating operation can be carried out:
  • the electrode 6 is alternately at the HV level or at ground potential, a heating current flows through it.
  • An operating frequency depends on the geometry of the electrode 6 and the flow rate of the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe and is typically between about 5 and 50 Hz.
  • a thermal mass of the electrode 6 smoothes its pulse-like heating.
  • the corresponding exhaust particles are charged accordingly by a pulsed corona current.
  • the switching from NV to HV level is carried out by a suitable switch, which is also included by the means for high voltage and heating operation of the electrostatic precipitator 1,1 '.
  • a slow, alternating operation can be carried out:
  • the electrode 6 is permanently at HV level during operation.
  • the HV is switched off and the electrode 6 is set at the NV level via a suitable switch and kept at a predetermined time (approx 20 - 60 s) heated. Conveniently, this is best done with switched off combustion.
  • the heating takes place in each case up to an ignition temperature of the adhering soot (which may be, for example, about 600 ° C).
  • an ignition temperature of the adhering soot which may be, for example, about 600 ° C.
  • the electrode 6 is ready for use as a charging unit again.
  • This mode of operation is particularly suitable for heating systems that emit fine dust with a high (combustible) carbon content, for example in log burning stoves or pots.
  • the structural design of the HV switch is simpler for the last described mode of operation than in the previously mentioned modes of operation wherein the electrode 6 is not permanently protected by the thermophoresis from particulate matter contamination.

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
EP09167685.8A 2008-08-14 2009-08-12 Séparateur électrostatique et système de chauffage Active EP2153902B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008037763A DE102008037763A1 (de) 2008-08-14 2008-08-14 Elektrostatischer Abscheider und Heizsystem

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2153902A2 true EP2153902A2 (fr) 2010-02-17
EP2153902A3 EP2153902A3 (fr) 2013-11-13
EP2153902B1 EP2153902B1 (fr) 2014-12-31

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EP09167685.8A Active EP2153902B1 (fr) 2008-08-14 2009-08-12 Séparateur électrostatique et système de chauffage

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EP (1) EP2153902B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008037763A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160040567A1 (en) * 2013-01-28 2016-02-11 Continental Automotive Gmbh Device and method for treating an exhaust gas containing particles
CN108758909A (zh) * 2018-06-20 2018-11-06 苏州百创达环保科技有限公司 一种适用于城市户外公共场所的自动化灰尘净化装置
CN116337703A (zh) * 2023-05-25 2023-06-27 江苏中能电力设备有限公司 一种用于烟气排放检测的测量装置

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1193445A2 (fr) 2000-10-02 2002-04-03 Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Empa Dispositif pour épurer les gaz de combustion de petites installations de chauffe

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB850275A (en) * 1955-10-17 1960-10-05 Holger Lueder Electrostatic precipitators
DD263927A1 (de) * 1987-08-26 1989-01-18 Univ Berlin Humboldt Wechselspannungsfilter zur abscheidung von schwebstoffen aus stroemenden gasen
DE8804328U1 (de) * 1988-03-30 1988-07-07 Müller, Johannes A., Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing., 7980 Ravensburg Elektrostatisch wirkendes Rußabbrennfilter
DE3820740A1 (de) * 1988-06-18 1989-12-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Koagulator fuer einrichtungen zum reinigen von abgasen fossiler brennstoffe
FR2843611B1 (fr) * 2002-08-14 2004-09-17 Faurecia Sys Echappement Electrofiltre a collecte centrale
DE102008015616A1 (de) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrostatischer Abscheider mit Partikelabweisemittel und Heizsystem

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1193445A2 (fr) 2000-10-02 2002-04-03 Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Empa Dispositif pour épurer les gaz de combustion de petites installations de chauffe

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160040567A1 (en) * 2013-01-28 2016-02-11 Continental Automotive Gmbh Device and method for treating an exhaust gas containing particles
US9657617B2 (en) * 2013-01-28 2017-05-23 Continental Automotive Gmbh Device and method for treating an exhaust gas containing particles
CN108758909A (zh) * 2018-06-20 2018-11-06 苏州百创达环保科技有限公司 一种适用于城市户外公共场所的自动化灰尘净化装置
CN116337703A (zh) * 2023-05-25 2023-06-27 江苏中能电力设备有限公司 一种用于烟气排放检测的测量装置

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Publication number Publication date
EP2153902B1 (fr) 2014-12-31
DE102008037763A1 (de) 2010-03-04
EP2153902A3 (fr) 2013-11-13

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