Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
  • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
  • F23G5/12—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
  • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
  • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
  • F23G5/26—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber having rotating bottom
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
  • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
  • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
  • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
  • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
  • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
  • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
  • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
  • F23G2201/40—Gasification
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
  • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
  • F23G2205/122—Belt conveyor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
  • F23G2205/14—Waste feed arrangements using hopper or bin
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
  • F23G2205/18—Waste feed arrangements using airlock systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
  • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
  • F23G2206/201—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with an industrial furnace
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
  • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
  • F23G2206/202—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with an internal combustion engine
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
  • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
  • F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2207/00—Control
  • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
  • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
  • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
  • F23J2217/101—Baghouse type
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
  • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
  • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

Definitions

• the present invention refers to a plant and a method for the production of electric power; and in particular it refers to a plant and a method for the production of electric power through an otto cycle and/or a diesel cycle fed by a syngas produced by the gasification of the so called R.D.F..
• Plants and methods of this kind are well known and used; despite that, the same present some inconvenient.
• the remaining portion of the wastes is separated through a mechanical selection in two fractions: dry and wet.
• dry residual of the waste is triturated and transformed into fuel for the heat-recovery and the cogeneration of electric and/or thermal power, in appropriate incinerator plants supplied with regeneration systems for the power produced by the combustion.
• the R.D.F. is classifiable into different qualitative grades, based on the technical rules Uni 9903-1 and further changes and integrations.
• the combustible R.D.F., of normal quality, is simply called C.D.R.; it is regenerated from municipal wastes and from special safe wastes.
• the combustible of high quality classified as "R.D.F.-Q" based on the technical rules Uni 9903-1, allows to obtain the green certificates and can be advantageously used for the production of electric power.
• the R.D.F in the plants according to the prior art, is used to feed a gasifier.
• gasifier it is intended a plant that, from various materials, between which specific types of waste, derives gaseous fuel that uses for the production of energy.
• Such plants are proposed as an alternative to the incinerators.
• the gasifiers utilize the molecular dissociation, called pyrolysis..
• pyrolysis molecular dissociation
• the syngas can be then burnt in a boiler to utilize the heat producing overheated steam that will feed an electric turbine, or it can be used as a combustible for endothermic motors, or hydrogen could be obtained from it to be then used in piles as combustible, to obtain the production of electric power.
• the syngas contains a high level of tar, or anyway distillates, which have brought until now all the plants, according to the prior art, to not present a sufficient cost-benefit ratio for their diffusion.
• the tar which is found in the syngas exiting from the gasifier, in order to be sent, in particular, to an endothermic engine, must be pre-emptively treated, to reduce the dust, but most importantly it must be purified, to eliminate the tar contents.
• the presence of tar in the syngas indeed, if not eliminated, would entail into a severe problem of atmospheric pollution exiting from the same endothermic engine.
• the aim of the present invention is to have a plant and a method for the production of electric power, through an endothermic engine and/or a gas turbine or similar fed by a syngas produced by the gasification of the so called R.D.F., which is able to remedy the inconvenient of the plants according to the prior art.
• the aim of the present invention comprises a plant and a method for the production of not expensive electric energy through the gasification of the R.D.F. , despite the cost for the tar elimination procedure.
• the plant for the production of electric energy, through an endothermic engine and/or a turbine and/or similar according to the present invention and where said endothermic engine and/or turbine and/or similar are fed by a gas that is produced from the gasification of the so called R.D.F. comprises a gasifier, where said gasifier is a so called two-stage gasifier, or rather a gasifier able to produce a first gas, called front-end gas, and a second gas, so-called light gas, called light gas being substantially free from tar, and said endothermic engine and/or turbine and/or similar, being fed directly by means of said light gas.
• the plant comprises the presence of a so-called two-stage gassifier .
• the two-stage gasif ⁇ er differentiates, essentially, from the one-stage, by the fact that it comprises in the upper part of the same gasif ⁇ er a so-called still and that only a part of the gas exits from the head of the gasif ⁇ er.
• the syngas In the single-stage gasif ⁇ er the whole gas, the syngas, is produced by gasification of the R.D.F. and exits from, the gasif ⁇ er as a sole gas, containing substantive quantity of tar.
• the gasification of the R.D.F. and the distillation of the tar happen in two different zones of the gasifier, in a controlled way, maintaining an optimal temperature when the front-end gas exits.
• Such temperature preferably around 150 °C, is controlled by passing a more or less high quantity of gas, coming from the gasification zone, through the upper layer of combustible, that is found in the distillation zone.
• the lower section of the gasifier is in a condition of gasing some combustible that has already ceded the distillates and, in particular, it is free from tar, that creates the above mentioned technical problems and high costs, during the purification process, to be able to feed the endothermic engines.
• the reduction obtained is between the 65% and the 75% (respect to the concentration of NOx in absence of reburning), while the reduction obtained with the methane gas used as the reburning fuel is between the 33% and the 65%.
• the two-stage gasifier eliminates the distillates and in particular the tar and gasifies the fuel in a way to obtain the so-called light gas, substantially free from pollutant products such as tar, or similar.
• the heating of the so-called still happens in a direct and indirect way: direct, through the gas that goes through the R.D.F.; and indirect, through the remaining part of the gas that licks the walls of the still.
• the products of the two-stage gasification process are therefore advantageously the two gas: front-end gas, made from the products of the gasification and distillation of the RDF and from the gas coming from the zone below the gasification; the light gas, coming from the gasification zone and free from the distillation products, tar and oil and able, after the cooling and a simple filtering or elimination of the dust, to be sent into endothermic engines.
• the partial oxidation of the solid fuel happens through the combustion of a fraction of the fed material, or rather, the thermal energy necessary for the drying and volatilization of the remaining part is supplied, through the combustion of a fraction of the same fed material.
• the process is made in an atmosphere that is weak of oxygen (under stoichiometric ), or better with oxygen in defect respect to the quantity needed for a complete combustion.
• the produced gas will then follow two separated routes, according to the physic/chemical features; a different route for the front-end gas and another one for the lightgas.
• the front-end gas is substantially a synthetic gas, created in the lower zone of the gasifier (gasification zone) and that, by crossing the overhanging RDF, warms it up, enriching with the distillation's products. Its heat value is about 1.340 Kcal/Nmc and its temperature is about 160 ⁇ 200 °C.
• This gas is not suitable for the direct application into engines with internal combustion, as the tar containment would create huge problems regarding the continuity to the same engine.
• This gas is advantageously used in the following manner: it is burnt in a combustion chamber, with permanent temperatures > than 850 °C for at least 2 seconds, with the 6% of 02 free, so that it gets completely free from the oily and tarry residuals (that get burnt completely) with great results. Afterwards, the gas is sent into a post-combustion chamber and the hot smokes are used to generate hot water or air or vapour which is then used locally or, anyway, for thermal use.
• the front-end gas in uses where it is requested the highest cleanliness of the gas, it is possible to proceed with the detarration of the gas, using a system that brings the front-end gas to a high temperature (about 900 0 C, for about 2 seconds); said system substantially is made by a particular refractory chamber, where it is used a methane burner (or LPG) used as a oxygen comburant.
• the quantity of the sent oxygen represents the stoichiometric air for the auxiliary combustible (methane or LPG) 5 but not sufficient to burn the synthetic gas contained in the same chamber.
• the front-end gas, de-tarred and dusted, can at this point be mixed to the light gas.
• the light gas is, essentially, a gas that is completely free from oily or tarry residuals (released in the upper part of the gasifier) and contains only dust residuals, which are easily deletable.
• the light gas exits at a temperature of about 650 °C and presents a n.c.v. of about 1.290 kcal/Nmc.
• the light gas is then cooled, for example, with a gas/water exchanger and the hot water recovered and dusted with a bag filter, which it can be advantageously used in an endothermic engine, in particular, in an engine that is suitable for the gas with a low n.c.v., coupled to a generator to produce electric energy.
• the invention has as a solution also a method for the production of electric power, comprising at least the operations of: a- prearrangement of a so called R.D.F.; b- gasification of said R.D.F., through a distillation and a combined gasification, obtaining, in the lower part of the gasifier a first gas free of distillates, the so called light gas, substantially free from distillation products, and/or tar and/or oil; and from the upper part of the gasifier a second gas, the so called front-end gas, substantially made from the products of said distillation and the gas of the gasification produced in the lower part.
• the method and the plant can comprise the use of the gas for the recovery of hydrogen at the molecular state and of other products of industrial interest.
• the method and the plant, according to the present invention beyond to guarantee a safe functioning, both in the management and environmental impact, are easy and useful to use also in the traditional industries (cement factory, distilleries, brickyards, ceramic and other industrial activities that need a lot of electric and thermal energy), for the economy of the investment, the limited encumbrance, the quality of the emissions; the features of the SSF (solid similar fuels) or usable R.D.F., that allow an easy stocking and automatism of the process.
• the method and the plant, according to the present invention if found in the traditional industries, advantageously would lower the need to realize new plants for the recovery of the above mentioned types of wastes and, therefore, of new emissions of CO2, as the gas and/or the hydrogen produced will substitute, in said plants, the production of electric and/or thermal energy and the fuels from non renewable sources, as methane, coal, oil fuel, etc.. with no significant variations and, in some cases, with improvements in the produced emissions, both in the qualitative and quantitative terms.
• a further advantageous executive solution comprises a two-stage or bi- stage gasifier of low temperature type and implies that the method and the plant, using this method, do not comprise emissions into the atmosphere of pollutant or harmful substances, in the total absence of chimneys. The whole happens in a close and controlled environment, where the only effluent is demineralised, reusable water.
• the advantages deriving from the usage of a method and a plant according to the present invention are, in terms of electric and thermal energy production, through gas turbine plant that operates with hydrogen with efficiency equal to 40%: production of electric and thermal energy using fuel cells and efficiency between the 60 and 70% and thermal recovery obtained by the steam; production of hydrogen to be used for the public and private car traction; production of stocked carbon dioxide liquid or solid or other sub-products of industrial interest easy to locate in the market; locate close to the possible users; increase of the hygiene-sanitary quality of the water surface and bed and of the air quality; possibility to contain the dimensions of the plants; - possibility to distribute in the territory, according to strategic plans, the collocation of said plants and consequent reduction of the environmental impact given by the nets of the long-distance lines.
• Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of the method, according to the present invention
• Fig. 2 shows a feature of the stoker of the plant, according to the present invention
• Fig. 3 shows a feeling belt of the fuel of the plant, according to the present invention
• Fig. 4 shows a feature of the priming stator or skip of the fuel of the plant, according to the present invention
• Fig. 5 shows a feature of the priming stator or skip of the fuel and of the feeding belt to the gasifier of the plant, according to the present invention
• Fig. 6 shows a feature of the charging door of the fuel to the gasifier of the plant, according to the present invention
• Fig. 7 shows a two-stage gasifier of the plant, according to the present invention
• Fig. 8 shows a feature of the zone generating thermal energy from the front-end gas of the plant, according to the present invention
• Fig. 9 shows a feature of the cooling and dusting zone of the light gas of the plant, according to the present invention
• Fig. 10 shows a feature of the zone generating electric energy of the plant, according to the present invention
• Fig. 11 shows an assembly view of the plant, according to the present invention.
• Fig. 1 With reference to Fig. 1, are shown the steps, or equally the operations, relative to the method for the production of electric power, according to the present invention.
• R.D.F. or rather a R.D.F.- Q
• R.D.F.- Q which is treated through a combined distillation process and a gasification operation, or rather it is gasified in a bi-stage process that produces a first gas, the so-called light gas, substantially free from distillates and/or tar and/or oil products and a second gas, the so-called front-end gas, made essentially from the products of the gasification and distillation.
• the two gases follow two different routes: the light gas, since it is advantageously free from pollutant products as tar or oily or similar residuals, can be used, for example, to feed directly an endothermic engine, for example an otto or Diesel cycle engine, as fuel, providing, therefore, to feed the engine, where such engine, for example, is joint to a generator or alternator for the production of electric power.
• an endothermic engine for example an otto or Diesel cycle engine
• the light gas could feed directly a turbine or other similar devices able to transform the natural thermal energy of the light gas into mechanical energy and afterwards into electric energy.
• the steps, cut out with a section line in the route of the flowchart of the light gas in fig. 1, are steps that are not strictly necessary, as the light gas could directly feed an endothermic or similar engine.
• the steps of the method for the light gas also the step of cooling said light gas, for example in a water-gas exchanger, and to dust, or rather eliminate the dust of the light gas, for example with a filter, in particular with a bag filter or similar.
• the light gas can be then advantageously stocked in appropriate tanks and the used in a second time.
• the front-end gas is cleaned from the oily or tarry or similar residuals.
• the cleaning happens preferably with a combustion, or rather, the front-end gas is burnt in a combustion chamber, at for example a temperature > than 850°C for at least 2 seconds and with a level of free O 2 >6% , where in this chamber the front-end gas gets free from the oily and tarry residuals that burn.
• the front-end gas it is also possible advantageously to de-tar the front-end gas, by using a system that brings the front-end gas to a high temperature, about 900°C, for at least 2 seconds; the system comprises essentially a particular refractory chamber, where it is used a methane burner (or GPL) used as an industrial oxygen comburant.
• the quantity of the sent oxygen represents the stoichiometric air for the auxiliary combustible (methane or GPL), but not sufficient to burn the synthetic gas contained in the same chamber.
• the de-tarred fron-end gas can also be advantageously dusted and/or can be mixed to the light gas, as shown in fig. 1, where the steps, cut out with a section line in the route of the flowchart of the light gas in fig. 1, are not strictly necessary.
• the plant for the production of electric energy comprises a zone for the production of electrical energy 9, illustrated in detail in a preferred executive solution in fig. 10; said zone comprising preferably an endothermic engine 91 and an alternator 92.
• the zone for the production of the electrical energy 9 can comprise a turbine and/or similar or more generally devices that are able to transform the natural thermal energy of the gas into mechanical energy and afterwards into electrical energy.
• the plant functions preferably using R.D.F., identified above, and substantially performs it major advantageous with a R.D.F.-Q.
• the R.D.F. feeds a gasifier, in particular a two-stage gasifier 1, illustrated also in fig. 7, by means of a feeding system that, in a preferred executive solution, is illustrated in fig. 11 and, in its parts, in fig. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
• a stocking and feeding device 2 made advantageously by a simple plated container, opened in the upper part to allow the loading of the material, and comprising a belt 22 in the lower part, in order to convey the material toward the slanting belt 3, shown in particular in fig. 3, that feeds the skip 4.
• the feeling skip shown in particular in fig. 4 and 5, is a device based on a container 4, so-called skip, binded from at least one, preferably two guides 41, that drive the skip 4, according to a vertical route, preferably parallel to the gasifier 1.
• a vertical route preferably parallel to the gasifier 1.
• the feeding group 6 of the gasifier 1 is shown in detail in a preferred executive solution in fig. 6.
• the above mentioned feeding group 6 comprises a belt 5 that conveys the material in a double feeding valve, preferably an oleodynamic controlled type.
• the double feeding valve comprises preferably a charging door 61, a chamber 62 sealed by two hatches 63, 64 that open alternatively and have a double function that are to avoid the downflow of the gas and the entering of the atmospheric air that could alter the stoichiometric equilibrium inside the gasifier 1.
• a two-stage gasifier 1 made mainly to use the fuels that have an elevated carbon content, as the RDF.
• the two-stage gasifier 1 comrpises, in the upper part, a still 11 and a body zone 21.
• the gasification of the R.D.F. and the distillation of the tar happen in a controlled way, maintaining an optimal temperature when the front-end gas exits.
• Such temperature is preferably around 150 0 C, and is advantageously controlled by passing a more or less high quantity of gas, coming from the gasification zone, through the layer of combustible, that is found in the distillation zone.
• the lower section 31 of the gasifier is in a condition of gassing some combustible that has already ceded the distillates and, in particular, it is free from tar, that creates the above mentioned technical problems and high costs, during the purification process, to be able to feed the endothermic engines.
• the heating of the still happens in a direct and indirect way: direct, through the gas that goes through the R.D.F.; and indirect, through the remaim ' ng part of the gas that licks the walls of the still 11.
• the products of the two-stage gasification process are the two gases that follow:
• Front-end gas constituted by the products of the pyrolysis and distillation of the RDF and by the gas coming from the lower gasification zone;
• the extraction of the ashes is automatic, in function to the level reached by the same within the gasifier.
• the ashes are comprised between the rotating grid 41 and the combustion's zone.
• thermocouples of which one of them is installed under the grid 41 and another one on the upper part of the ashes' zone.
• the volume ratio between the two gases is advantageuously adjustable, as a function of the draught and therefore of the adjustment of two valves placed on each of the two tubings (valve of the front-end gas and the valve of the light gas) which are not shown.
• the ratio is 4 (light gas): 1 (front-end gas). Exiting from the two-stage gasifier are found, therefore, both the light gas and the front-end gas and, in particular and advantageously, the two gases follow different routes, according to the method described and shown in fig. 1.
• the light gas (that is a gas free from the oily or tarry residuals that have been released in the upper part of the gasifier, from which it exits at a temperature of about 650°C and with a n.c.v. of about 1.290 Kcal/Nmc) can be sent directly in the zone where it is produced the electric power 9 and used as a combustibile.
• the same in the case where the light gas contains a dust residual, the same can be cooled in the cooling and dusting zone 8 shown in fig. 9, for example by means of a water/gas exchanger 81, that can comprise an advantaged recovery of the hot water, and afterwards it can be dusted, for example, with a bag filter 82.
• the gas can be perfectly used in an endothermic engine, for example in an endothermic engine 91 suitable for gas with a low n.c.v., which can be coupled to an alternator 92 to produce electric power.
• the front-end gas is a syngas ( created in the lower zone of the gasifier 1 or gasification zone) that, crossing the overhanging RDF, it warms it up, enriching itself with the distillation's products, exiting the gasifier preferably with a calorific value of about 1.340 Kcal/Nmc and with a temperature of about 160 ⁇ 200 0 C.
• the front-end gas is not suitable for the direct application into engines with internal combustion or similar, as the tar containment would create huge problems regarding the continuity to the same engine.
• This gas is therefore sent into a post-combustion chamber 72, comprising moreover a free level of 02 > than 6% and the hot smokes produced are used to generate hot water or steam to use locally, or in a Rankine or ORC cycle, or to produce thermal power.
• the quantity of the sent oxygen represents the stoichiometric air for the auxiliary combustible methane or GPL, but not sufficient to burn the syngas contained in the same chamber.
• the front-end gas when detarred, can also be dusted and thus advantageously mixed to the light gas.

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