EP2158399A2 - Dispositif d'injection de fluide - Google Patents
Dispositif d'injection de fluideInfo
- Publication number
- EP2158399A2 EP2158399A2 EP08806078A EP08806078A EP2158399A2 EP 2158399 A2 EP2158399 A2 EP 2158399A2 EP 08806078 A EP08806078 A EP 08806078A EP 08806078 A EP08806078 A EP 08806078A EP 2158399 A2 EP2158399 A2 EP 2158399A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- actuator
- needle
- axis
- acoustic
- injection device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
- F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
- F02M45/10—Other injectors with multiple-part delivery, e.g. with vibrating valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
- F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
- F02M69/041—Injectors peculiar thereto having vibrating means for atomizing the fuel, e.g. with sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/21—Fuel-injection apparatus with piezoelectric or magnetostrictive elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for injecting a fluid, for example a fuel, in particular for an internal combustion engine.
- the invention relates, in a first aspect, to a fluid injection device having a main injection axis and comprising:
- a nozzle comprising, along said axis, an injection orifice and a seat and being, on the opposite side, connected to a housing,
- a needle having, along said axis, a first end defining a valve, in a zone of contact with the seat and being, on the opposite side, connected to an actuator mounted axially movable in the housing for vibrating the needle ensuring between its first end and the seat of the nozzle relative movement to open and close alternately the valve, the actuator having, along the axis, a first, a second and a third portion adapted to be traversed by acoustic waves initiated by vibrations of the second part, the first and third parts being arranged axially on either side of the second part, which comprises an electroactive material, the three parts being clamped together to form a block having axially two limits opposite the first part being linked with the needle at one of the said limits,
- Such an injection device makes it possible to obtain a cyclic opening with the reference period ⁇ , at frequency, for example, ultrasound, and with controlled amplitude, of the valve of the injector, in particular, during an established regime of its operation, that is to say, during operation at a predetermined temperature outside the start and stop phases of the injector.
- a web formed by the fluid escaping from the nozzle at the opening of the valve is fractionated and forms fine droplets.
- the fine droplets favor a more homogeneous air / fuel mixture, which makes the engine less polluting and more economical.
- the cyclic opening of the valve is provided by means of conventional means of vibration, for example, piezoelectric and / or magnetostrictive equipped with the corresponding excitation means.
- the vibrating means are arranged in the actuator axially presenting two opposite limits, one of which, said first limit, is linked with the needle. Excited by the vibrating means, the actuator converts an electrical energy into vibrations of its first limit, with the setpoint period ⁇ and a predetermined amplitude.
- the actuator acting, via its first limit, directly on the needle thus plays a role of an active "master" driving the needle which then presents itself as a passive "slave” piloted.
- the vibrations of the first limit of the "master” actuator produce longitudinal reciprocating movements of the "slave” needle and, therefore, of its first end, relative to the seat of the nozzle.
- a resonance and substantially in phase opposition of the head of the needle and the nozzle is necessary.
- the characteristic lengths of the needle and that of the nozzle are chosen, in a known manner, so that the propagation times of acoustic waves in respective materials forming the needle and the nozzle are equal to a quarter of the vibration period ⁇ / 4 or odd multiples of said quarter of the period, i.e., at [2j + 1] * ⁇ / 4 with a non-zero positive integer multiplier j.
- Structures resonant "needle / nozzle" and “needle / actuator” thus formed are generating high amplitudes of opening of the valve at low pressures, for example, equal to or less than 5 MPa, in the combustion chamber.
- low pressures for example, equal to or less than 5 MPa
- back pressure at the valve increases. This back pressure can also vary depending on the operating point of the engine. With the increase of the back pressure, the intensity of the shocks of the first end of the needle on its seat, even dampened by the sheet of fuel, becomes increasingly important.
- the present invention aims to provide a fluid injection device for at least reducing at least one of the limitations mentioned above.
- the resonant "needle / actuator" structure comprises at least one element - the actuator forming said block - which presents a "symmetry" in acoustic terms. This means that an echo of an acoustic wave emitted in a place of the symmetrical block returns, after one or more reflections to the limits of the block, in this same place of emission of the acoustic wave a nonzero positive integer of periods after its broadcast.
- a first reflected wave that is to say, a first echo of the wave emitted at the first limit, returns to this same first limit a period later after its emission .
- the symmetrical resonant structure of the actuator thus generates no delay, nor change of sign of the waves - in particular for that of the sinusoidal type where a part of the sinusoid in positive follows a symmetrical part of the sinusoid in negative - emitted at the first limit whatever the source of these waves (the needle or the actuator).
- the symmetrical resonant structure of the actuator thus contributes to an orderly operation of the injector.
- the invention relates to an internal combustion engine using the fluid injection device according to the invention, that is to say, such a motor where is disposed this injection device.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of an injection device according to the invention arranged in a motor and equipped with an outgoing head needle linked to an actuator,
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of an injection device according to the invention arranged in the engine and equipped with an incoming head needle connected to the actuator
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show diagrams illustrating an operation of the formed valve. by a nozzle and an outgoing needle: valve closed ( Figure 3); open flap (figure 4),
- Figures 5 and 6 show diagrams illustrating an operation of the valve formed by a nozzle and an incoming needle needle: closed valve (Figure 5); open valve (Figure 6), Figures 7 and 8 respectively show schematically in simplified side view in partial longitudinal section: a one-piece needle in the form of a cylindrical bar ( Figure 7); a compound needle comprising three segments (FIG. 8), FIGS. 9 and 10 show schematically in simplified schematic view in partial longitudinal sectional view: a cylindrical one-piece nozzle (FIG. 9); a composite nozzle comprising three segments (FIG. 10),
- FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of the actuator with simplified side view in longitudinal section
- FIG. 12 schematically represents a first part of the actuator connected with the needle in simplified side view
- FIG. 13-15 schematically represent views simplified longitudinal side respectively three different diagrams of the actuator
- FIG. 16 is a diagrammatic view in simplified longitudinal side view of the actuator comprising a central rod
- Figure 17 schematically shows a simplified side view in longitudinal section the actuator comprising the central rod, a prestressing means and an elastic means.
- the injection device, or injector, of FIGS. 1 is intended to inject a fluid, for example, a fuel 131 into a combustion chamber 15 of an internal combustion engine 151, or into a combustion chamber. air intake not shown, or in an exhaust duct not shown.
- the injector comprises two bodies, for example, cylindrical.
- a first body representing a housing 1 is extended, along a preferred axis AB of the injection device, for example, its axis of symmetry, by at least one nozzle 3 having a length along the axis AB and having an orifice of injection and a seat 5 (or 5 ').
- the linear dimensions of the housing 1, for example, its width measured perpendicularly to the axis AB and / or its length measured along the axis AB, may be greater than those of the nozzle 3.
- the density of the housing 1 may greater than that of the nozzle 3.
- the housing 1 can be connected to at least one fuel circuit 131 131 via at least one opening 9.
- the fuel circuit 131 comprises a fuel treatment device 13 131 comprising, for example, a tank, a pump, a filter.
- a second body representing an actuator 2 is mounted axially movable in the housing 1.
- a needle 4 has, along the axis AB, a length and a first end 6 defining a valve, in a contact zone with the seat 5 (or 5 ') of the nozzle 3.
- the linear dimensions of the actuator 2 for example, its width measured perpendicular to the axis AB and / or its length measured along the axis AB, may be greater than those of the needle 4.
- the density of the the actuator 2 may be greater than that of the needle 4.
- the needle 4 and the actuator 2 are interconnected by a junction zone ZJ (FIG. 2).
- the first end 6 is preferably extended longitudinally, along the axis AB, opposite the actuator 2, by a head 7 (or T) closing the seat 5 (or 5 '), so as to ensure a better seal of the valve of the injector.
- Figure 1 illustrates the case of the needle 4 with the head 7 said outgoing.
- the needle 4 with the outgoing head 7 has a flared shape diverging in a direction of the axis AB of the oriented injector of the casing 1 towards the outside of the nozzle 3 in the combustion chamber 15.
- the needle 4 outgoing head 7 has a divergent frustoconical flared shape ( Figure 1).
- the outgoing head 7 closes the seat 5 on the outside of the nozzle 3 facing away from the housing 1, in the direction of the axis AB of the injector.
- Figure 2 illustrates the case of the needle 4 with the so-called incoming head T.
- the needle 4 with incoming head T narrows in the direction of the axis AB oriented housing 1 toward the outside of the nozzle 3 and closes the seat 5 'of the inner side of the nozzle 3 facing the housing 1.
- Returning means 11 (or 11 ') of the actuator 2 may be provided to hold the head 7 (or T) of the needle 4 in abutment with the seat 5 (or 5') of the nozzle 3.
- the return means 11 (or 11 ') ensure the closure of the valve regardless of the pressure in the combustion chamber 15.
- the location of the point of application of the restoring forces on the actuator 2 is indifferent.
- the return means 11 (or 11 ') may be represented by a prestressed spiral spring disposed along the axis AB downstream of the housing 1 (in particular in the case of the needle 4 with the outgoing head 7, FIG. 1). or upstream of the casing 1 (in particular in the case of the needle 4 with the incoming head 7 ', FIG.
- the return means 11 can also be formed by a fluidic means, for example, of the hydraulic cylinder type, with the fuel 131 as a working fluid.
- the clearances due to the expansions of the various elements of the housing 1 are thus advantageously caught by the return means 11 (or 11 ') so that the flow of the fuel 131 through the nozzle 3 tends to remain insensitive to thermal variations at different speeds. operating the engine 151.
- the return means 11 are capable of deforming, for example, elastically, exerting a predetermined force for a very small elongation, for example, less than 100 ⁇ m, so as to pull the head outgoing 7 of the needle 4 against the seat 5 of the nozzle 3 along the axis AB to ensure the closure of the valve regardless of the pressure in the combustion chamber 15.
- the return means 11 ' are capable of deforming, for example, elastically, exerting a predetermined force for a very small elongation, for example less than 100 ⁇ m, so as to push the head 7 'of the needle 4 against the seat 5' of the nozzle 3 along the axis AB to ensure the closure of the valve regardless of the pressure in the combustion chamber 15.
- the actuator 2 is extended, along the axis AB, by the needle 4.
- the actuator 2 is arranged for a direct vibration of the needle 4, "slave", with a set period ⁇ , thus ensuring between the first end 6 of the needle 4 and the seat 5 (or 5 ') of the nozzle 3 a relative axial movement to open and close alternately the valve, as shown in the Figures 3-4 and 5-6.
- the incoming head T being narrowed (FIG. 2), its surface is less exposed, compared with that of the outgoing head 7 (FIG. 1), to the counter-pressure waves in the combustion chamber 15.
- the incoming head T has a lightened mass compared to that of the outgoing head 7, which minimizes the amplitude of the stresses on the seat 5 '(compared to that of the outgoing head 7) at the time of a shock accompanying a closure of the flap.
- the assembly of the injector is facilitated because the needle 4 with incoming head T can first be mounted on the actuator 2, and then be inserted into the housing 1. The needle 4 to the incoming head T tends to put on the seat 5 'under the effect of gravity.
- the injector therefore works in positive security with a suitable design.
- the valve remains in the closed position thus ensuring the sealing of the injector with incoming head T.
- a rupture accidental needle 4 causes its broken portion remains in the housing 1 without risk of falling into the combustion chamber 15.
- the actuator 2 comprises, along the axis AB, a first 21, a second 22 and a third 23 parts adapted to be traversed by acoustic waves initiated by vibrations of the second part 22, the first 21 and third 23 parts being arranged axially on either side of the second part 22
- FIG. 1-2 The latter comprises an electroactive material 221.
- the three parts 21, 22, 23 are clamped together to form a block having axially two opposite limits C, D, the first part
- the third portion 23 is a rear mass playing a role homogeneous distribution of stresses on the electroactive material 221.
- the electroactive material 221 is piezoelectric which may be, for example, one or more ceramic piezoelectric washers stacked axially on each other to form the second portion 22 of the block.
- These selective deformations are controlled by corresponding excitation means 14, for example, using an electric field created by a potential difference applied to electrodes integral with the piezoelectric electroactive material 221.
- the electroactive material 221 may be magnetostrictive.
- the selective deformations of the latter are controlled by corresponding unrepresented excitation means, for example, by means of a magnetic induction resulting from a selective magnetic field obtained using, for example, an exciter not shown, and in particular by a coil integral with the actuator 2 or by another coil surrounding the actuator 2.
- the nozzle 3 with the housing 1 and the needle 4 with the actuator 2 respectively form a first and a second acoustic wave propagation medium.
- the pilot injector displaces the first end 6 of the needle 4, while the seat (represented in a simplified manner on Figures 7-10 and referenced 50) of the nozzle 3 is kept dynamically stationary or fixed thus behaving as a moving node.
- the needle 4 and the nozzle 3 are each a body whose radial dimensions perpendicular to the axis AB are small relative to its length along the axis AB.
- any variation in linear acoustic impedance I induces an echo, i.e., a weakening of the acoustic wave propagating in a direction of the bar (for example, from right to left in FIGS. 7, 9) by another acoustic wave propagating in the opposite direction of the bar (for example, from left to right in FIGS. 7, 9) from a linear impedance variation point I, for example, at a junction between the needle 4 and the actuator 2 ( Figure 7) or at another junction between the nozzle 3 and the housing 1 ( Figure 9).
- break to be understood as "a linear impedance variation I exceeding a predetermined threshold representative of a difference between the linear impedance upstream and that downstream, with respect to the propagation direction of the acoustic waves, of a linear impedance breaking zone located in a propagation medium of the acoustic waves over a small distance in front of the wavelength, preferably less than one eighth of the wavelength ⁇ / 8 ".
- the injector may comprise at least one linear acoustic impedance breaking zone, existing at a distance from the contact zone of the seat 50 with the first end 6 of the needle 4 along the nozzle 3 (FIG. housing 1, and at least one other linear acoustic impedance breaking zone existing at a distance from the contact zone of the first end 6 with the seat 50 along the needle 4 (FIG. 7) or the actuator 2 Said zone and other linear acoustic impedance breaking zone being each first in order from said contact zone between the first end 6 of the needle 4 and the seat 50, in a propagation direction of the acoustic waves. oriented respectively to the housing 1 and the actuator 2.
- n B is a non-zero positive integer multiplying coefficient, referred to as the first multiplying coefficient
- T A n A * [ ⁇ / 2], (E2) where n A is another non-zero positive integer multiplier, called the second multiplier coefficient, for example ⁇ A ⁇ ne.
- Equations referenced E1 and E2 above must be considered as verified to a certain tolerance to take account of manufacturing constraints, for example, to a tolerance of about plus or minus 10% of the period setpoint ⁇ , that is to say, of the order of plus or minus 20% of the half-period ⁇ / 2. Taking into account this tolerance, the equations referenced E1 and E2 above can respectively be rewritten as follows:
- T B n B * [ ⁇ / 2] ⁇ 0.2 * [ ⁇ / 2] (AND)
- the latter may correspond, for example, to the head 7 (or T) of the needle 4 and / or to a guiding boss (not shown) in a plane perpendicular to the axis AB of the end 6 of the needle 3 in the nozzle 3.
- the injector may have a linear acoustic impedance variation of less than or equal to 5% without this variation being considered as a break linear acoustic impedance.
- the injector may have another variation of linear acoustic impedance lower than or equal to 5% without this variation can be considered a linear acoustic impedance break.
- the maintenance of dynamically immobile seat 5 is obtained by maintaining its longitudinal speed along the axis AB equal to zero, taking advantage of the periodicity of the phenomenon of the propagation of acoustic waves.
- the latter generates an acoustic wave, called incident wave, associating a jump of speed ⁇ v and a stress jump ⁇ .
- This wave propagates in the nozzle 3 towards the casing 1 by traversing the first distance I_ B , then is reflected in the first linear acoustic impedance breaking zone which is merged in FIG.
- the incident wave reflected, its echo, said reflected wave returns to the nozzle 3 to traveling the first distance I_ B in the opposite direction, that is to say, from the housing 1 to the seat 5.
- the reflected wave has the same sign of the stress jump ⁇ as the incident wave and the reverse sign of the jump of speed ⁇ v that the incident wave (the direction of propagation being reversed, the jump of speed ⁇ v has changed sign if we now consider all positive velocities in the direction arriving on the seat 5 and no longer in the direction of wave propagation).
- the actuator 2 in the junction zone ZJ, has a linear acoustic impedance U C - ZJ and the needle 4 has another linear acoustic impedance I A - ZJ -
- a satisfactory compromise in term acoustic wave reflection in the junction zone ZJ can be obtained if the ratio I A C-ZJ / IA-ZJ is greater than a predetermined value.
- the following relationship is verified: UC-ZJ / IA-ZJ ⁇ 2.5.
- n B ⁇ n A it is the incident waves and the reflected waves shifted by a few periods ⁇ offset each other in the seat 5 to make it dynamically fixed.
- the latter is due to the presence of vibration, for example, ultrasound, of the setpoint period ⁇ , initiated by the second part 22 of the actuator 2, as mentioned above.
- a first acoustic limit for defining both the first L B and the second I_ A distances is represented by an end of a set in question ("nozzle 3 + housing 1" or “needle 4 + actuator 2 ").
- this first acoustic limit merges with the zone of contact between the first end 6 of the needle 4 (possibly extended axially by the head 7 (or 7 ')) and the seat 5 (or 5 ') of the nozzle 3, as shown in Figure 1 (or 2).
- the first acoustic limit used to determine the second I_ A distance in relation to the second medium "needle 4 + actuator 2" of propagation of the acoustic waves is taken at the mid-height of the outgoing diverging frustoconical head 7.
- the first acoustic limit used to determine the second L A distance in relation to the second medium "needle 4 + actuator 2" propagation of acoustic waves is taken at the mid-height of the head entering convergent t-cone.
- the second acoustic limit specific to each of the two sets is represented by the respective first linear acoustic impedance breaking zone I, as detailed above.
- the second acoustic limit may correspond to where the diameter of the assembly in question varies in a plane perpendicular to the axis AB, for example, at the junction zone ZJ of the needle 4 with the first part 21 of the actuator 2 or the embedding location SX of the nozzle 3 in the casing 1 (FIG. 1, 2), it being understood that:
- the needle 4 and the actuator 2 are produced, for example, by machining in a one-piece piece made of material preferably having the same density and the same velocity of sound, and
- the nozzle 3 and the housing 1 are made, for example, by machining in a monobloc piece of material preferably having the same density and the same velocity of sound.
- the acoustic limits of bodies may not correspond to the physical limits of the bodies, as shown in two examples below.
- the acoustic limits of bodies may not correspond to the physical limits of the bodies, as shown in two examples below.
- the acoustic limits of bodies may not correspond to the physical limits of the bodies, as shown in two examples below.
- the acoustic limits of bodies may not correspond to the physical limits of the bodies, as shown in two examples below.
- I402 ⁇ 402 * p402 * C402 '
- U ⁇ 3 ⁇ 403 * p403 * C403 ⁇ SOn is equal to ⁇ S ' .
- the junction zone ZJ between the needle 4 and the actuator 2 may be formed on the side of the actuator 2 by at least the first part 21 of the actuator 2.
- the first part 21 has preferably, a circular section of a predetermined diameter, said diameter D M of the first portion 21, measured in a plane perpendicular to the axis AB.
- the zone of junction ZJ between the needle 4 and the actuator 2 is formed on the needle side 4 by at least one cylindrical section of revolution of a predetermined diameter, called the diameter D 4 of the needle 4, measured in a plane perpendicular to the axis AB.
- the first portion 21 and the cylindrical portion of the needle 4 are made of material having a density p and a speed c sound identical.
- the diameter D M of the first portion 21 of the actuator 2 and the diameter D 4 of the needle 4 are connected by the following equation: D M / D 4 > y [Z 5.
- this ratio of diameters D M / D 4 corresponds to an acceptable "acoustic embedding" of the needle 4 in the actuator 2. Thanks to this acceptable acoustic embedding, an incident wave originating from the head 7 'of the needle 4 and arriving along the needle 4 in the junction zone ZJ (FIG. 2) is reflected therefrom with a minimum of amplitude and / or frequency losses that can disturb the opening and closing of the valve with the period of setpoint of ⁇ (and, therefore, the displacement control of the head 7 'of the needle 4 mentioned above).
- the actuator 2 can therefore have a symmetrical acoustic structure such that an echo of an acoustic wave emitted in a location of the symmetrical block tends to return after one or more reflections to limits of the block, in this same place of emission of the acoustic wave a nonzero positive whole number of periods after its emission.
- This acoustic symmetry of the actuator 2 is particularly advantageous when the acoustic embedding of the needle 4 in the actuator 2 is not perfect and the incident wave from the head 7 'of the needle 4 and arriving the along the needle 4 in the junction zone ZJ (FIG. 2) is able to penetrate, after a partial reflection on the first limit D of the actuator 2, in the latter.
- the echo of this incident wave returning to the first limit 213 a nonzero positive integer period after its emission, this generates no delay or change of wave sign emitted at the first limit 213 so that the reciprocating movement of the needle 4 is not disturbed.
- the first portion 21 of the actuator 2 may axially have a first limit 213 coinciding with that D where the block is connected to the needle 4 and a second limit 212 opposite, clamped against the electroactive material 221 of the second portion 22 of the actuator 2.
- m is a multiplier coefficient, nonzero positive integer, for example, m ⁇ n ⁇ n B ⁇ n A.
- This configuration is adapted, for example, to the case where, in addition to imperfect acoustic embedding of the needle 4 in the actuator 2 already mentioned above, the actuator 2 has a new linear acoustic impedance breaking zone at the second limit 212. Thanks to the acoustic symmetry of the first part 21 of the actuator 2, no delay, neither sign change of the waves emitted at the first limit 213 is generated despite their clutter echoes produced by the new linear acoustic impedance break zone at the second limit 212, so that the alternative axial motions of va-and- comes from the needle 4 are not disturbed.
- equation referenced E4 must be considered as verified with a certain tolerance to take account of manufacturing constraints, for example, to a tolerance of the order of plus or minus 10% of the reference period ⁇ , that is to say, of the order of plus or minus 20% of the half-period of reference ⁇ / 2. Taking into account this tolerance, the equation referenced E4 above can be rewritten as follows:
- T 2 k * [ ⁇ / 2], (E5) where k is a multiplier coefficient, nonzero positive integer, for example k ⁇ m ⁇ n ⁇ ne ⁇ n A.
- This acoustically symmetrical configuration is suitable, for example, in the case where the new linear acoustic impedance breaking zone at the second limit 212 has only a partial rupture of linear acoustic impedance, so that the acoustic waves go up axially.
- the first part 21 of the actuator are able to penetrate, after their partial reflections on the second limit 212 of the actuator 2, in its second part 22 without this disturbing a reciprocating axial movement of the second limit 212 and / or that of the first limit 213 and / or, in fine, that of the needle 4.
- equation referenced E5 By analogy with the equations referenced E1 to E4 above, it must be understood that the equation referenced E5 above must be considered as verified with a certain tolerance to take account of manufacturing constraints, for example, to a tolerance of the order of plus or minus 10% of the reference period ⁇ , that is to say, of the order of plus or minus 20% of the half-period of reference ⁇ / 2. Taking into account this tolerance, the equation referenced E5 above can be rewritten as follows:
- the actuator 2 has a linear acoustic impedance variation of less than or equal to 5%.
- the ceramic piezoelectric washers constituting the second portion 22 of the actuator 2 and having a slight variation in their sizes, for example, axial, without this creating a gap inadmissible in acoustic terms that may interfere with the orderly operation of the injector.
- the first portion 21 of the actuator 2 is intended to transmit the vibrations of the electroactive material 221 to the needle 4 by amplifying them so that the movements of the needle 4 at the valve are greater than the integral deformations of the electroactive material 221.
- Any section perpendicular to the axis AB of the first portion 21 has, along said axis AB, displacements produced by the acoustic waves passing through the first portion 21 of its second limit 212 towards its first limit 213.
- the first portion 21 of the actuator 2 comprises at least one frustoconical segment which narrows, along the axis AB, towards the needle 4 ( Figures 11, 12).
- the one comprising the frustoconical segment ( Figures 11-12) provides the same displacement at the first limit D with fewer ceramic piezoelectric washers stacked axially.
- this arrangement makes the actuator 2 more reliable both in terms of quality of assembly and in terms of a lifetime, the washers ceramic piezoelectric - inherently fragile - inherently at risk of breakage and / or cracking.
- the distance H, along the axis AB, between any section EF of the frustoconical segment perpendicular to the axis AB and an imaginary tip P of the frustoconical segment (FIG. the following inequality: H> 0.22 * c * ⁇ . Thanks to this arrangement, a dispersion of the acoustic waves observed in the frustoconical segment amplifying the displacement remains acceptable, so as not to disturb the ordered operation of the injector.
- the actuator 2 is made of several parts 21, 22, 23 which can be differentiated from each other by their geometry and / or by their density p and / or by the speed c of the sound of each of them. she ( Figure 13-17). Therefore, to achieve the injector with the actuator 2 having, for example, the predetermined linear acoustic impedance I, preferably constant, for example, along its length L between the two limits C, D, and / or on its first length Li, and / or on its second length l_2, said parts 21, 22, 23 of the actuator 2 may respectively have sections of different surfaces in planes perpendicular to the axis AB, so as to compensate possible variations of the linear acoustic impedance I by those of the surface ⁇ of the corresponding sections perpendicular to the axis AB.
- a first example is shown in Figures 14-15 and relates to the third 23 and the second 22 parts of the actuator 2 respectively having sections D3 and D2-3 of different surfaces in planes perpendicular to the axis AB.
- a second example is shown in Figure 16 and relates to the first 21 and the second 22 parts of the actuator 2 respectively having sections Di -2 and D2-1 of different surfaces in planes perpendicular to the axis AB.
- a third example is shown in Figures 14-15 and relates to the first portion 21 of the actuator 2 and the needle 4 respectively have sections D M and D 4 of different surfaces in planes perpendicular to the axis AB.
- connecting segments between the three parts 21, 22, 23 of the actuator 2 and / or between the first part 21 and the needle 4 can to be provided.
- T A2 f A 2 (T A2 ).
- T AI ⁇ x / 20.
- the connecting segments 210, 211, 230 may have a frustoconical shape, with for example a half-angle at the top of 45 °.
- This frustoconical geometry is the easiest to achieve in terms of machining.
- this frustoconical geometry is not limiting.
- the first part 21 of the actuator 2 can be extended, along the axis AB, opposite the needle 4, by a central rod 40 reported ( Figure 16) or not ( Figure 17).
- the second 22 and the third 23 parts of the actuator 2 are threaded onto the central rod 40.
- the central rod 40 may have a thread to facilitate the clamping of the three parts 21, 22, 23 of the actuator 2 between them using, for example, prestressing means 250 preferably comprising a threaded nut.
- prestressing means 250 preferably comprising a threaded nut.
- the third portion 23 and the prestressing means 250 may be merged.
- the third portion 23 may have a thread adapted to be screwed directly onto the central rod 40 thus ensuring the prestressing of the electroactive material 221 of the second portion 22 of the actuator 2.
- the third portion 23, the prestressing means 250 and the second portion 22 may be merged.
- the central rod 40 has a thermal expansion (in particular a coefficient of thermal expansion) substantially identical to that of the electroactive material 221 of the second portion 22 of the actuator 2 ( Figure 16). Since the electroactive material 221, for example ceramic, has an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion, the rod 40 will also have an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion, for example equal to about 10 -6 / ° C.
- the central rod 40 may be made of an alloy of iron and nickel with carbon and chromium, for example, alloy "invar" type. Thanks to this arrangement, the prestressing electroactive material 221 tends to remain constant regardless of temperature variations of the injector.
- the same expansion of the two materials ensures a thermal compensation of the expansions due to temperature variations of the injector.
- the assembly of the actuator 2 becomes faster because no other means is required to compensate for said expansions of the two materials.
- the central rod 40 has a thermal expansion substantially equal to the sum of the thermal expansions of the electroactive material 221 (ceramic), the third portion 23 and the first portion 21 not inducing stress variations in the electroactive material 221, for example, ceramic, greater than 5 MPa per 100 0 C temperature variation of the injector.
- the central rod 40 may have a thermal expansion (in particular a coefficient of thermal expansion) different from that of the electroactive material 221 of the second portion 22 of the actuator 2 (FIG. 17), and in particular, different the sum of the thermal expansions of the electroactive material 221 (ceramic), the third part 23 and the first part 21.
- the central rod 40 may have the coefficient of thermal expansion greater than that of the electroactive material 221 of the second part 22 of the actuator 2.
- the prestressing means 250 connected with the central rod 40 and adapted to clamp the three parts 21, 22, 23 of the actuator 2 together, is linked, via an elastic means 251 (for example, at least one rubber seal, at least one spring washer or spring), with the end of the block of the actuator 2 opposite the needle 4.
- an elastic means 251 for example, at least one rubber seal, at least one spring washer or spring
- the elast means 251 allows to ensure a quasi-constant prestressing of the electroactive material 221 independently of the elongations of the central rod 40 due to thermal expansion. With this arrangement, it is possible to continue the assembly of the actuator 2 on an industrial scale, for example, when a stock out of the rods in invar. Thus, this embodiment contributes to making the manufacture of the injector more reliable.
- the difference between the expansion coefficients of the electroactive material 221 (ceramic) and the materials of the third part 23, the first part 21 and the rod central 40 can be chosen such that the differential expansions of these parts do not induce, in the operating temperature range of the injector, a variation of the prestressing of the electroactive material 221 greater than
- the central rod 40 due to its geometry, its density, its speed of sound, the central rod 40, has a negligible contribution acoustically.
- its diameter measured in a plane perpendicular to the axis AB, can be negligible (unlike what is presented schematically without scale in FIGS. 16-17) with respect to the diameter D 2- I of the second part 22, or even the diameter D 4 of the needle 4.
- the other limit referenced C in FIG. 16 corresponds to that of the prestressing means 250 (its front face) opposite to the needle 4 and not to that of the third part 23 (its front face) opposite to the needle 4.
- the elastic means 251 has a low linear impedance and the acoustic waves are reflected at the limit C forming an interface between the third part 23 and the elastic means 251 so that no sound wave coming axially from the third part 23 penetrates the prestressing means 250 through the elastic means 251.
- the presence of the central rod 40 being acoustically negligible as specified above, the rupture of the linear acoustic impedance between the third portion 23 and the elastic means 251 can be assimilated to a total break, there is no longer any continuity of the acoustic medium between the third portion 23 and the prestressing means 250, as shown in Figure 17.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0704635A FR2918122B1 (fr) | 2007-06-27 | 2007-06-27 | Dispositif d'injection de fluide. |
| PCT/FR2008/051146 WO2009007595A2 (fr) | 2007-06-27 | 2008-06-25 | Dispositif d'injection de fluide |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2158399A2 true EP2158399A2 (fr) | 2010-03-03 |
Family
ID=38921789
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08806078A Withdrawn EP2158399A2 (fr) | 2007-06-27 | 2008-06-25 | Dispositif d'injection de fluide |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8230840B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2158399A2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2010531409A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20100038399A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101790635B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2918122B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2457355C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009007595A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2936025A1 (fr) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-03-19 | Renault Sas | Dispositif d'injection de fuide. |
| US20130068200A1 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-21 | Paul Reynolds | Injector Valve with Miniscule Actuator Displacement |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3194162A (en) * | 1962-11-15 | 1965-07-13 | Clevite Corp | Piezoelectric fuel injector |
| US3418980A (en) * | 1965-09-01 | 1968-12-31 | Physics Internat Company | Fuel injector-ignitor system for internal combustion engines |
| JPS59162972A (ja) * | 1983-03-07 | 1984-09-13 | Hitachi Ltd | アトマイザ− |
| JPS61111164A (ja) * | 1984-11-06 | 1986-05-29 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 霧化ポンプ |
| DE3533975A1 (de) * | 1985-09-24 | 1987-03-26 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Zumessventil zur dosierung von fluessigkeiten oder gasen |
| DE3833093A1 (de) * | 1988-09-29 | 1990-04-12 | Siemens Ag | Fuer verbrennungskraftmaschine vorgesehene kraftstoff-einspritzduese mit steuerbarer charakteristik des kraftstoffstrahls |
| JP2724613B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-10 | 1998-03-09 | 株式会社トキメック | 高温用超音波トランスジューサ |
| JPH03249374A (ja) * | 1990-02-28 | 1991-11-07 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 燃料噴射装置 |
| JPH0486367A (ja) * | 1990-07-30 | 1992-03-18 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 燃料噴射弁 |
| JPH0663475A (ja) * | 1991-03-26 | 1994-03-08 | Sadayuki Ueha | 霧化装置 |
| JP3084414B2 (ja) * | 1991-09-20 | 2000-09-04 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | ねじ締めランジュバン型超音波振動子 |
| GB2327982B (en) * | 1997-08-07 | 2000-12-06 | Lotus Car | An internal combustion engine with fuel injection means and a method of delivering gasoline fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine |
| DE19854508C1 (de) * | 1998-11-25 | 2000-05-11 | Siemens Ag | Dosiervorrichtung |
| JP3730467B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-27 | 2006-01-05 | 多賀電気株式会社 | 超音波振動子及び複合振動発生超音波振動子 |
| DE10012552A1 (de) * | 2000-03-15 | 2001-09-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Einspritzeinrichtung mit einem Aktor zur Nadelhubsteuerung |
| JP2002058679A (ja) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-02-26 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 超音波処置具 |
| RU18743U1 (ru) * | 2001-01-24 | 2001-07-10 | Конюхов Игорь Святославович | Механическая форсунка |
| RU20933U1 (ru) * | 2001-07-30 | 2001-12-10 | Щербаков Андрей Владимирович | Механическая форсунка |
| FR2832189B1 (fr) * | 2001-11-09 | 2004-12-03 | Renault | Dispositif de fixation d'un systeme d'injection de carburant pour moteur a combustion interne |
| DE102005009147A1 (de) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Kraftstoffinjektor für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen |
-
2007
- 2007-06-27 FR FR0704635A patent/FR2918122B1/fr active Active
-
2008
- 2008-06-25 CN CN2008801046999A patent/CN101790635B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-25 US US12/666,671 patent/US8230840B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-25 RU RU2010102515/06A patent/RU2457355C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-06-25 EP EP08806078A patent/EP2158399A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-06-25 JP JP2010514060A patent/JP2010531409A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-25 WO PCT/FR2008/051146 patent/WO2009007595A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-25 KR KR1020107001760A patent/KR20100038399A/ko not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009007595A3 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2457355C2 (ru) | 2012-07-27 |
| FR2918122A1 (fr) | 2009-01-02 |
| RU2010102515A (ru) | 2011-08-10 |
| KR20100038399A (ko) | 2010-04-14 |
| US20100307455A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
| US8230840B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
| FR2918122B1 (fr) | 2009-08-28 |
| JP2010531409A (ja) | 2010-09-24 |
| CN101790635A (zh) | 2010-07-28 |
| CN101790635B (zh) | 2012-01-25 |
| WO2009007595A2 (fr) | 2009-01-15 |
| WO2009007595A3 (fr) | 2009-02-26 |
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