EP2160809A1 - Procédé pour accroître la sensibilité d'un système de protection différentielle - Google Patents

Procédé pour accroître la sensibilité d'un système de protection différentielle

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Publication number
EP2160809A1
EP2160809A1 EP07765032A EP07765032A EP2160809A1 EP 2160809 A1 EP2160809 A1 EP 2160809A1 EP 07765032 A EP07765032 A EP 07765032A EP 07765032 A EP07765032 A EP 07765032A EP 2160809 A1 EP2160809 A1 EP 2160809A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
differential protection
current
current vector
measured values
protection devices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07765032A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tevfik Sezi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2160809A1 publication Critical patent/EP2160809A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/28—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0092—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the data processing means, e.g. expert systems, neural networks

Definitions

  • an electrical differential protection device is provided at each end of a monitored line section of the electrical power line, which detects current readings indicative of the current flowing on the line section by means of current transformers attached to the respective ends of the line section.
  • current readings may be current meter readings that provide more accuracy than simple RMS values because they provide information about
  • Amplitude and phase angle of the measured current include.
  • the acquired current measured values are exchanged via a communication line between the differential protection devices and compared with each other.
  • the same current flows into the line section at a certain point in time, as it flows out of it. If the difference between the values of the current measured values measured at each end of the line section is therefore formed, a value close to zero should result in the error-free case.
  • a so-called fault current flows through the fault location and the amounts of current measured values taken up simultaneously at the ends no longer correspond. Consequently, a difference of the current measured values results, which lies above a certain tripping value, so that an error on the line section is detected by the differential protection devices.
  • the differential protection devices By connected to the differential protection devices circuit breaker at the ends of the line section, the affected by the short circuit phase can then be switched off.
  • the differential protection devices generate a so-called TRIP signal (triggering signal), which causes the connected power switches to open their switch contacts, whereby the faulty part of the line section is disconnected from the rest of the power supply line.
  • Short circuits for example, is a line break of an electric power line and the affected phase has contact with the earth.
  • a short-circuit current may result which is so low that it is not correctly recognized as a short-circuit current in the measuring accuracy of the measuring systems used today, in particular the primary converters, ie those current converters which are connected directly to the electrical power supply line.
  • the measuring accuracy of such primary current For example, the converter is 3% of the measured current.
  • the sensitivity of the differential protection system is set to ignore, as it were, false currents occurring due to inaccuracies in the current measurement (ie, currents due to inaccuracies in the measurement system that do not correspond to actual measured currents).
  • the triggering threshold which leads to the generation of a trip signal, selected comparatively high, ie the sensitivity is set comparatively low, since only high differential currents lead to a tripping of the circuit breaker.
  • This is deliberately chosen because otherwise there is a risk of false triggering, which on the one hand causes high costs and on the other hand can result in the cascade effect of overloading and the failure of further power supply lines.
  • Another example of a high-impedance fault for example, due to aged or insufficient insulation flowing - relatively small - leakage currents, but in a final failure of the insulation but can easily turn into low-resistance short circuits that may possibly lead to damage to the electrical energy supply network , It is desirable to be able to detect and switch off such comparatively small leakage currents with a differential protection system.
  • a method for increasing the sensitivity of a differential protection system each comprising a differential protection device at the ends of a line section of an electrical energy transmission line, in which current vector measured values which indicate the current flowing in the line section, with the differential protection devices at the ends of the line section be detected during a learning phase; a correction function is determined from the current vector measurements, the correction function indicating a correction factor dependent on the amplitude of the current vector measurements of a selected differential protection device that compensates for an amplitude and a phase difference between the current vector measurements of the differential protection devices; and the differential protection system is set to correct the post-learning current sense measurements of at least one of the differential protection devices using the correction function.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention is that the differential protection devices adapt themselves to the inaccuracies of the respective measuring systems during a learning phase in which it can be ensured that there is no fault on the line section of the electrical power supply line.
  • a correction function is obtained from the detected current vector measured values at the ends of the line section, which compensates for the amplitude and phase differences between the measured current vectors caused by the respective measuring system, that is to say in particular the respective primary current transformers.
  • current sense readings at the ends of the line section may use a significantly lower differential protection threshold when using such corrected current sense measurements, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the differential protection system. Therefore, comparatively low fault currents can be detected in the case of high-impedance faults, and the affected part of the line section can be switched off.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is that at least two correction factors are used to generate the correction function, which have been determined from the current vector measured values of the differential protection devices at different amplitudes of the current vector measured values of the selected differential protection device.
  • the inaccuracies caused by the respective primary current transformers of the measuring systems have different effects on the measured values of phases and amplitudes, depending on the magnitude of the amplitude of the flowing primary current.
  • the phase distortion caused by the primary current transformers dominates, while in the case of a large flowing primary current, the amplitude distortion caused by the primary current transformer predominates.
  • the selected differential protection device for determining the correction factors, the selected differential protection device generates a start signal in each case when the amplitude of its detected current measuring measurement values assumes different current threshold values, wherein the start signal causes the differential protection devices to store the respective detected current vector measured values over a predetermined period of time; and - by comparison each time belonging to each other
  • the correction factor is calculated, which compensates for an amplitude and a phase difference between the current vector measured values of the differential protection devices at the amplitude indicated by the respective current threshold value.
  • the system can automatically trigger, during the learning phase, an automatic measurement of current vector readings used to form the correction values for the respective amplitudes of the primary current.
  • the correction function can be determined by interpolation from the respectively determined correction factors.
  • the current-vector measured values used for determining the correction factors in the differential protection devices are each assigned a time stamp which corresponds to that Specifies the point in time at which the respective current meter measured value has been detected.
  • the differential protection devices each have internal timers for generating the time stamps, which are synchronized with each other via an external clock cycle. This can For example, be done by using a time signal derived from a GPS signal as the external clock.
  • the formation of the correction function from the measured current measuring values measured with the differential protective devices can take place, for example, by an external data processing device, such as a laptop or a computer, in a control or control room.
  • an external data processing device such as a laptop or a computer
  • the detected current vector measured values are transmitted to a calculating differential protection device and the determination of the correction function takes place in the calculating differential protection device. In this way, apart from the differential protection devices, no further data processing device is required for determining the correction function.
  • the detection of current vector measured values and the determination of a correction function are carried out for each phase of the line section.
  • the differential protection system is in fact strengthened to form a correction function for each phase individually and, consequently, to detect individually for each phase an occurrence of a high-impedance fault.
  • differential protection system each having a differential protection system at the ends of a line section of an electrical power supply line, the differential protection devices comprising data processing devices adapted to carry out a method according to one of the embodiments described above.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a line section with a differential protection system
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a differential protection device
  • FIG. 3 is a phasor diagram
  • FIG. 4 shows a process flow diagram in schematic representation
  • FIG. 5 shows a current profile measured in a differential protection system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a differential protection system 10, which is arranged on a line section 11 of a three-phase electrical power supply line, which is otherwise not shown.
  • the conduit portion 11 in Fig. 1 is shown for simplicity as a conduit portion having two ends, it may be a conduit portion having three or more ends. The method described below is to apply to a line section with more than two ends accordingly.
  • the line section 11 shown in FIG. 1 comprises, as a three-phase line section, individual phases IIa, IIb and IIc.
  • a first end 12 of the line section 11 currents flowing in the phase conductors IIa, IIb and IIc are measured by means of primary current converters 13a, 13b and 13c which are not illustrated in detail and supplied to a first differential protection device 14a. Accordingly, currents flowing through primary current transformers 16b and 16c in the individual phases IIa, IIb and IIc are detected at a second end 15 of the line section 11 and supplied to a second differential protection device 14b.
  • the differential protection devices 14a and 14b monitor the line section 11 for possible errors, such as short circuits.
  • the differential protection devices 14a and 14b transmit the measured values acquired by them via a communication path 17 existing between them.
  • the communication link 17 can be constructed both wired and wireless. Usually 17 copper cables or optical fibers are used as a communication link.
  • the differential protection devices 14a and 14b check on the basis of their own and the measured values received from the other end by subtraction of the respectively recorded at the same time Measurements, whether an error on the line section 11 of the power transmission line is present.
  • each differential protection device 14a or 14b checks whether the difference between the own and the receiving measured values exceeds a triggering threshold and, in the event of an overshoot, outputs a trip signal (triggering signal) T to a respective power switch 18a or 18b assigned to it. If the measured values for each phase are recorded and transmitted individually, the faulty phase can be unambiguously determined in this way. By means of the trip signal T, the respective power switch 18a or 18b is caused to open its switching contacts assigned to the respective faulty phase so as to separate the faulty phase from the electrical power transmission line.
  • triggering signal triggering signal
  • a short circuit 19 between the phase 11c of the line section 11 and the earth is shown as an example; the circuit breakers 18a and 18b have their respective switching contacts associated with the affected phase 11c opened to isolate the phase 11c from the electrical power transmission line.
  • the measured current values detected by the primary current transformers 13a, 13b, 13c and 16a, 16b, 16c are converted into current vector measured values which make it possible to determine the amplitude and phase position of the current flowing at the respective end 12 or 15.
  • the current vector measured values are usually noted in the complex representation.
  • the following pointer measured values are recorded: /. p -J ⁇ t O ⁇ l
  • I 0 Ai the amplitude of the phase IIa
  • I 0A2 the amplitude of the phase IIb
  • I 0A3 the amplitude of the phase 11c respectively at the end 12 of the line section.
  • ⁇ t 0 Ai represents the phase angle of the current in phase IIa
  • ⁇ t 0A 2 the phase angle of the current in phase IIb
  • ⁇ t 0A2 the phase angle of the current in phase 11c.
  • FIG. 2 shows by way of example the differential protection device 14a in a detailed representation.
  • the differential protection device 14a according to FIG. 2 is connected to the phase IIa at the end 12 of the line section 11 only via the primary converter 13a.
  • the measured value acquisition with respect to the remaining phases IIb and 11c is not shown in FIG. 2; but it is done in a similar manner.
  • the primary current transformer 13a which may be, for example, a toroidal-core current transformer
  • the current flowing in phase IIa at the end 12 is detected.
  • a measured current Il reduced in accordance with the converter ratio of the primary current transformer 13a is generated in a measuring circuit 20 of the primary current transformer 13a and supplied to the differential protection device 14a via connecting lines of the measuring circuit 20.
  • the differential protection device 14a has an internal current transformer 21 for galvanic decoupling, with which the current Il flowing in the measuring circuit 20 is converted into an even smaller current 12.
  • the current 12 is supplied to a Meßwerter writtensm ⁇ chtung 22 of the differential protection device 14 a.
  • the measured value detection device 22 has an analog / digital converter 23, by means of which it converts the receiving current 12 into digital current vector measured values.
  • the measured value acquisition device 22 can also carry out a further measured value preprocessing, such as, for example, an (analogue or digital) filtering.
  • the differential protection device 14a also has an internal timer 24 which synchronizes via an external time signal with the internal timers of other differential protection devices - in particular the differential protection device 14b is.
  • the external time signal may, for example, be a time signal which is derived from a GPS signal received by means of an antenna 27.
  • Another example of an external timer is a time clock of a so-called "real-time Ethernet network", in which case a corresponding Ethernet interface is provided instead of the antenna 27, via which the device can also communicate in the network.
  • the internal timer 24 transmits a time signal to the measured value acquisition device 22, which assigns a time stamp to each detected current time reading, which indicates the time at which the current vector measured value has been detected.
  • the respective current vector measured value is fed to a data processing device 25 of the differential protection device 14a.
  • the data processing device 25a is connected to a communication device 26, which in turn is connected to the communication link 17 in order to transmit the current vector measured values detected in the differential protection device 14a, including their time stamp, via the communication link 17 or to current-current measured values acquired with the differential protection device 14b receive.
  • inaccuracies of the entire measuring system ie the primary current transformer 13a, the device-internal current transformer 21, the analog / digital converter 23 and possibly additional filters and preprocessing units of the measured value acquisition device are included in the resulting current vector measured values 22, one.
  • the majority of the inaccuracies are usually attributable to the primary current transformer 13a, which typically has a measurement accuracy of about 3% of the measured current. Since the measuring systems of the differential protection devices 14a and 14b are not absolutely identical, they consequently have different inaccuracies in the measurement, the one
  • FIG. 3 explains this problem.
  • a diagram for displaying complex current vectors is shown in FIG. 3, two current vector measured values 31 and 32 being shown by way of example.
  • the current vector measured values 31 and 32 are for this purpose the same time, but at different ends, on the same phase (for example, the phase IIa) of the line section 11 has been detected.
  • the current pointer measured value 31 has been detected with the differential protection device 14a at the first end 12 of the line section 11, while the current vector measured value 32 has been detected at the same time with the differential protection device 14b at the second end 15 of the line section 11.
  • a difference vector 33 which is indicated in dashed lines in FIG. 3, results in respect of amplitude and phase position of the two current vectors 31 and 32.
  • This difference pointer 33 is caused only by the inaccuracies of the two measuring systems used, but not by a fault actually occurring on the line section 11.
  • the response threshold would therefore have to lie above this difference pointer 33.
  • the sensitivity of the differential protection system especially for small flowing currents, as they are common in high-impedance errors, severely limited.
  • the differential protection devices 14a and 14b of the differential protection system 10 are adjusted during a so-called learning phase such that after the learning phase, their sensitivity is significantly increased.
  • the learning phase which can last for example several days to several weeks, it is assumed that no (high or low impedance) fault occurs on the line section 11 of the electrical power supply line. If an error nevertheless occurs, the calculations made at this time to increase the sensitivity must be discarded.
  • Low-impedance errors during the learning phase are detected by the differential protection devices anyway because they do not require increased sensitivity. High-impedance faults are detected by closer observation of the lines, as a crack of a power transmission line is optically visible.
  • differential protection devices 14a and 14b current measurement values are detected.
  • One of the differential protection devices 14a or 14b is determined to the selected differential protection device, which subsequently controls the executed during the learning phase functions.
  • the differential protection device 14a is to be determined for the selected differential protection device for controlling the learning phase.
  • the selected differential protection device 14a checks the detected current vector measured values for whether certain different current thresholds have been reached with regard to the amplitude. If such a current threshold is reached, the selected differential protection device 14a emits a start signal, which includes all the protective devices, ie both the selected differential protection device 14a and the other differential protection device 14b, for storing the detected differential protection device 14a
  • FIG. 5 shows an example curve 50 of the amplitude of the current in one phase at the line end 12.
  • the amplitude of this current is detected with the selected differential protection device 14a and checked for the achievement of certain current thresholds (dashed or dotted lines in FIG. 5).
  • Such current thresholds may cover, for example, a range of 0 to 1.3 times the rated current I N for which the line section 11 is provided, in steps of 0.1-I N.
  • the current threshold of 0.3-I N is reached at a first time ti.
  • a first start signal Si is then generated, which causes both differential protection devices 14a and 14b to store the current meter measured values acquired with them over a period of, for example, one second.
  • the start signal must be made available internally to the selected differential protection device 14a as well as via the communication link to the other differential protection device 14b.
  • both differential protection devices start simultaneously with the storage of the acquired current vector measurement values; it is completely sufficient if some of the acquired current measuring values are recorded at the same time (eg over a period of 3 periods of the nominal frequency).
  • a current threshold of 0.1-I N is reached at a time t 2 and a second start signal S 2 is generated which stores both differential protection devices 14 a and 14 b for storing their respectively measured current vector measured values predetermined time period causes.
  • S 3 the times t 3 , t 4, and t 5 / in which, with regard to the current 0.8 swell-I N, 0,7-I N-I and 0.6 N start signals S 3, S 4 and S 5 are generated.
  • the respective load record on the line section 11 of the energy transmission line has been recorded and stored in each case in both differential protection devices 14a and 14b for each current threshold by means of the continuous load change with time-stamped current vector measured values.
  • the recording of current vector measured values for the respective current thresholds is indicated by the steps 41a to 41n by way of example.
  • step 42 By comparing the respective current vector measurement values detected simultaneously with the differential protection devices 14a and 14b, in step 42, dependent correction factors can be determined in each case from the amplitude of the current corresponding to the respective threshold value in the formation of the start signals, which have an amplitude and a phase difference between the respective ones Compensate current measuring values of the differential protective devices 14a or 14b.
  • the differential pointer 33 As it were, for different amplitudes of the measured current, the differential pointer 33 (see FIG. 3) generated by the inaccuracy of the two measuring systems used in the differential protection devices 14a and 14b is compensated.
  • the correction values are amplitude-dependent, since, for example, the primary transducers generate a high phase deviation at low amplitudes of the primary current, while at high amplitudes of the primary current a high amplitude deviation is produced by the inaccuracies of the primary current transducers. Therefore, the correction values for various amplitudes or thresholds according to FIG selected differential protection device 14a measured current can be generated.
  • the respective current vector measured values of the two differential protection devices 14a and 14b are compared with one another in such a way that respective time windows in which the current vector measured values remain relatively constant are selected from the respective data sets which comprise time-stamped current vector measured values over a certain period of time ,
  • the required time slots have a duration of at least one period of the fundamental (e.g., 50 or 60Hz) of the current flowing in the line section; As the time window length increases, the accuracy of the calculation increases, but so does the calculation time required for the calculation.
  • time windows with a duration of 3 periods of the fundamental oscillation are used.
  • the time windows are also distinguished by the fact that they each contain current-current pairs detected for each differential protection device 14a and 14b only at the same points in time.
  • a digital Fourier transformation preferably a so-called “Fast Fourier Transformation” (FFT)
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transformation
  • correction factors have been determined over the desired amplitude range, that is, for example, from 0 to 1.3-I N . If, in this way, correction factors have been determined over the desired amplitude range, that is, for example, from 0 to 1.3-I N , then in a further step 43 (FIG. 4) be formed by interpolation between the individual correction values a correction function continuously covering the amplitude range.
  • correction values and the correction function can be carried out, for example, in an external data processing device, for example a laptop, to which the respective current vector measurement values have been transmitted to the different amplitudes of the current profile.
  • an external data processing device for example a laptop
  • the calculation of the correction factors and the correction function takes place in a differential protection device intended for the "calculating differential protection device", for example, the selected differential protection device 14a
  • no additional device is required in addition to the differential protection devices 14a and 14b.
  • the differential protection devices 14a and 14b must be set such that the differential protection function, ie the comparison of the respective current meter measured values, only after a conversion either the
  • the correction function depending on which of the current pointer measured values, the correction function has been developed.
  • the first differential protection device 14a can leave its current vector measured values unchanged for this purpose, while the second differential protection device 14b applies the amplitude-dependent correction function to its current vector measured values and thus generates corrected current vector measured values that are suitable for the current Differential protection comparison can be used. Consequently, in this example, the second differential protection device 14b transmits only the corrected current vector measured values to the first differential protection device 14a, while the first differential protection device 14a transmits its unchanged current vector measurement values to the second differential protection device 14b.
  • the measured current vector measured values are adapted to a reference device, in this case the selected differential protection device 14a, so that correct values are obtained independently of the respective corruption of the current vector measured values by the inaccuracies of the respective measuring system in a subtraction using the respective corrected current vector measured values. Because the inaccuracies fall out of the correction.
  • the sensitivity of the differential protection system is increased in such a way that a detection of even high-impedance errors with low flow the currents is possible because now the inaccuracies of the respective measuring systems play only a negligible role, even at low currents.
  • the response threshold in the respective differential protection devices can consequently be set significantly lower, so that even high-impedance errors with low flowing fault currents, which consequently also leads to only a slight difference between the respective current vector measured values, are detected and switched off without negatively influencing the selectivity of differential protection.
  • the method described is advantageously carried out separately for each phase of the line section in order to obtain a phase-selective differential protection system after the adjustment of the differential protection devices.
  • the method is carried out for an earth current calculated from the individual phase currents by summation or an earth current that is measured explicitly with an earth current transformer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Pour renforcer un système de protection différentielle (10), comprenant à chaque fois un appareillage de protection différentielle (14a, 14b) aux extrémités d'une portion de ligne (11) d'un câble de transmission d'énergie électrique, de telle sorte qu'il détecte également de manière sélective les défauts à haute impédance sur la portion de ligne (11) surveillée et puisse effectuer une déconnexion en toute sécurité, l'invention réalise un procédé qui comprend les étapes suivantes : Détection des valeurs mesurées de l'indicateur de courant qui indiquent le courant qui circule dans la portion de ligne (11) avec les appareillages de protection différentielle (14a, 14b) aux extrémités (12, 15) de la portion de ligne (11) pendant une phase d'apprentissage ; Détermination d'une fonction de correction à partir des valeurs mesurées de l'indicateur de courant, la fonction de correction indiquant un facteur de correction qui dépend de l'amplitude des valeurs mesurées de l'indicateur de courant d'un appareillage de protection différentielle choisi (par exemple 14a) et qui compense une différence d'amplitude et de phase entre les valeurs mesurées de l'indicateur de courant des appareillages de protection différentielle (14a, 14b) ; et Réglage du système de protection différentielle (10) de telle sorte que les valeurs mesurées de l'indicateur de courant détectées après la phase d'apprentissage d'au moins l'un des appareillages de protection différentielle (par exemple 14b) soient corrigées en utilisant la fonction de correction. L'invention concerne également un système de protection différentielle (10) configuré en conséquence.
EP07765032A 2007-06-27 2007-06-27 Procédé pour accroître la sensibilité d'un système de protection différentielle Withdrawn EP2160809A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2007/005891 WO2009000304A1 (fr) 2007-06-27 2007-06-27 Procédé pour accroître la sensibilité d'un système de protection différentielle

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EP2160809A1 true EP2160809A1 (fr) 2010-03-10

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EP (1) EP2160809A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009000304A1 (fr)

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US8271214B2 (en) 2012-09-18
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